Heamaturia refers to :
Anonymous Quiz
82%
Presence of blood in urine
7%
Presence of blood in sputum
7%
Presence of blood in stool.
5%
Presence of blood in gastric content
Dengue is spread by:
Anonymous Quiz
30%
Anopheles mosquito
10%
Culex mosquito
51%
Aedes mosquito
9%
Plasmodium ovale
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The antibiotic useful in reducing stool output in cholera is..
Anonymous Quiz
32%
Doxycycline
33%
Tetracycline
26%
Erythromycein
9%
Augmentin
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Food poisoning is caused by:
Anonymous Quiz
33%
V. Cholerae
32%
E. Coil
29%
C. Botulinum
5%
P. Aeruginosa
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Occult blood in stool can be detected by:
Anonymous Quiz
18%
Naked eye
48%
Microscopic examination
18%
Collection stool after administering antibiotic
16%
Stool culture
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Rothera's test is the test for:
Anonymous Quiz
16%
Albumin
27%
Bile salts
26%
Bile pigment
31%
Acetone
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"Pea soup stool" Is the typical for the( c)
Anonymous Quiz
35%
Cholera
21%
Obstruction
20%
Typhoid fever
24%
Dysentery
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Which organism is responsible for typhoid fever?
Anonymous Quiz
3%
Bardetella
9%
Vibreo
86%
Salmonella
2%
Rabdo
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Blood for ABG analysis can be obtained usually for which of the following Artery:
Anonymous Quiz
23%
The Radial
13%
Branchial
15%
Femoral
49%
All of these
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Occult blood in urine, here 'occult' is meant for:
Anonymous Quiz
10%
Unhidden
56%
Hidden
30%
Appeared
5%
Hiden
Porphobilinogen is determined by:
Anonymous Quiz
39%
Watson-schwartz test
27%
Fouchet's test
25%
Ehrlich's test
8%
Benedict's test
The Difference of Plasma and Serum is that Plasma ?
Anonymous Quiz
9%
has more water
35%
Doesn't Not contain fibrinogen
52%
Contain Fibrinogen
3%
Contain Iron
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Medical Lab Technologists™ | Official (Channel/Group)
Our Big Family. 13,700 Subscribers.
I want an Female/Male admin to manage this Channel/group,
If anyone is interested.
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Our Big Family. 13,700 Subscribers.
I want an Female/Male admin to manage this Channel/group,
If anyone is interested.
Contact me Personally @Angad_Mandal
Or Join in this Channel.
Regards Owner
👍4
Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs, characterized by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in lung tissue. It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
Types of Lung Cancer
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC):
Accounts for 85% of cases.
Includes subtypes like adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC):
Represents 15% of cases.
Aggressive and often spreads quickly.
Lung Carcinoid Tumors:
Rare, slow-growing tumors.
Causes and Risk Factors
Smoking:
The leading cause (85% of cases).
Includes exposure to secondhand smoke.
Environmental and Occupational Exposures:
Radon gas, asbestos, air pollution, or industrial chemicals.
Genetics:
Family history of lung cancer increases risk.
Radiation Therapy:
Previous radiation to the chest.
Other Factors:
Chronic lung diseases like COPD or tuberculosis.
Symptoms of Lung Cancer
Persistent cough that worsens over time.
Coughing up blood or rust-colored phlegm.
Shortness of breath.
Chest pain or discomfort.
Unexplained weight loss.
Hoarseness.
Fatigue or weakness.
Recurrent respiratory infections like pneumonia or bronchitis.
Diagnosis
Imaging Tests:
Chest X-ray, CT scans, or PET scans to detect abnormalities.
Biopsy:
Fine needle aspiration, bronchoscopy, or surgical biopsy to confirm cancer.
Laboratory Tests:
Sputum cytology or molecular testing for specific mutations (e.g., EGFR, ALK).
Staging:
Determines the extent of cancer spread (stages I-IV).
Treatment Options
1. Surgery:
Removes cancerous tissue, commonly used in early-stage NSCLC.
2. Radiation Therapy:
Targets and kills cancer cells, often used when surgery is not an option.
3. Chemotherapy:
Systemic treatment to destroy cancer cells, especially for advanced stages or SCLC.
4. Targeted Therapy:
Blocks specific molecules involved in cancer growth.
EGFR inhibitors (e.g., erlotinib).
ALK inhibitors (e.g., crizotinib).
5. Immunotherapy:
Boosts the immune system to fight cancer.
Examples: Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab.
6. Palliative Care:
Focuses on symptom management and quality of life for advanced cases.
Prevention
Quit Smoking:
The most effective way to reduce risk.
Avoid Secondhand Smoke:
Stay away from environments with cigarette smoke.
Test for Radon:
Ensure your home is free of radon gas.
Wear Protective Gear:
Especially in workplaces with hazardous chemicals or asbestos exposure.
Healthy Lifestyle:
Regular exercise and a diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
Prognosis
Prognosis depends on the type, stage, and overall health of the patient.
Early detection improves survival rates significantly.
5-year survival rate: 56% for localized NSCLC, but lower for advanced stages.
Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs, characterized by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in lung tissue. It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
Types of Lung Cancer
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC):
Accounts for 85% of cases.
Includes subtypes like adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC):
Represents 15% of cases.
Aggressive and often spreads quickly.
Lung Carcinoid Tumors:
Rare, slow-growing tumors.
Causes and Risk Factors
Smoking:
The leading cause (85% of cases).
Includes exposure to secondhand smoke.
Environmental and Occupational Exposures:
Radon gas, asbestos, air pollution, or industrial chemicals.
Genetics:
Family history of lung cancer increases risk.
Radiation Therapy:
Previous radiation to the chest.
Other Factors:
Chronic lung diseases like COPD or tuberculosis.
Symptoms of Lung Cancer
Persistent cough that worsens over time.
Coughing up blood or rust-colored phlegm.
Shortness of breath.
Chest pain or discomfort.
Unexplained weight loss.
Hoarseness.
Fatigue or weakness.
Recurrent respiratory infections like pneumonia or bronchitis.
Diagnosis
Imaging Tests:
Chest X-ray, CT scans, or PET scans to detect abnormalities.
Biopsy:
Fine needle aspiration, bronchoscopy, or surgical biopsy to confirm cancer.
Laboratory Tests:
Sputum cytology or molecular testing for specific mutations (e.g., EGFR, ALK).
Staging:
Determines the extent of cancer spread (stages I-IV).
Treatment Options
1. Surgery:
Removes cancerous tissue, commonly used in early-stage NSCLC.
2. Radiation Therapy:
Targets and kills cancer cells, often used when surgery is not an option.
3. Chemotherapy:
Systemic treatment to destroy cancer cells, especially for advanced stages or SCLC.
4. Targeted Therapy:
Blocks specific molecules involved in cancer growth.
EGFR inhibitors (e.g., erlotinib).
ALK inhibitors (e.g., crizotinib).
5. Immunotherapy:
Boosts the immune system to fight cancer.
Examples: Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab.
6. Palliative Care:
Focuses on symptom management and quality of life for advanced cases.
Prevention
Quit Smoking:
The most effective way to reduce risk.
Avoid Secondhand Smoke:
Stay away from environments with cigarette smoke.
Test for Radon:
Ensure your home is free of radon gas.
Wear Protective Gear:
Especially in workplaces with hazardous chemicals or asbestos exposure.
Healthy Lifestyle:
Regular exercise and a diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
Prognosis
Prognosis depends on the type, stage, and overall health of the patient.
Early detection improves survival rates significantly.
5-year survival rate: 56% for localized NSCLC, but lower for advanced stages.
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