🇮🇷🌋Iran Taps Volcano Heat to Reduce Fuel Reliance

Iran has connected its first geothermal power plant to the national grid, built inside the dormant Sabalan volcano near Meshginshahr, Ardabil Province. The 5‑MW facility cost €10M and was inaugurated in a ceremony attended by Energy Minister Abbas Aliabadi.

Engineers drilled wells approaching 3,000 meters through volcanic rock with temperatures above 240°C to reach a heat reservoir sealed by a roughly 500‑meter clay cap. Drilling proved tougher than oil and gas work—extreme heat and abrasive rock wore out bits and fluids—so Iranian teams adapted techniques and developed domestic drilling capability to complete the project.

The Sabalan reservoir could ultimately support up to 250 megawatts, enough for a mid-sized city. Iran has identified 18 geothermal sites nationwide as future candidates.
MAPNA Group is redesigning turbines and developing corrosion resistant alloys and coatings for Sabalan’s hot, salty, mineral rich fluids while planners aim to use the leftover 70 to 100°C heat for district heating, greenhouse agriculture and aquaculture around Meshginshahr. 

Implications:

🔸Industrial: MAPNA’s adaptations could seed a domestic supply chain for geothermal equipment and services.

🔸Economic: If Sabalan scales, it could free gas for export or higher‑value uses and make renewables more viable as energy subsidies are trimmed.

🔸Environmental: Geothermal cuts combustion emissions but demands strict brine handling, reinjection and monitoring to prevent scaling, corrosion and groundwater contamination.

The project’s real achievement is the technical and manufacturing capacity developed inside Iran. The drilling know-how, engineering design and turbine adaptations reduce reliance on foreign firms and imports,and the government plans to replicate the model across identified sites. As Iran trims fossil‑fuel use while facing sanctions that limit access to Western tech and investment, a domestic geothermal industry offers a sanctions‑resilient energy asset: a power source Iran can locate, drill, build and maintain itself.

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🚨🇩🇪 Germany Bleeding 15,000 Industrial Jobs a Month

Germany’s industrial decline is no longer a warning about the future. The country is now shedding around 15,000 manufacturing jobs every month, according to the Federation of German Industries, which represents roughly 100,000 companies.

The association describes the situation as critical. Industrial production has fallen every year since 2022, and 2026 may bring a fifth consecutive decline. Capacity utilization is barely above 78%, while the BDI has cut its economic growth forecast from 1% to just 0.4%.

Germany’s old model was built on affordable Russian energy, competitive factories and strong demand for cars, chemicals and machinery. Berlin helped dismantle that foundation by breaking with Russian supplies, closing its last nuclear plants and leaving industry burdened by high taxes, labor costs and bureaucracy. The war against Iran has now added another energy shock.

The damage is visible across major companies:

🔸 Volkswagen is preparing the biggest restructuring in its history, with up to 100,000 jobs and four German plants at risk. It plans to cut its model range by as much as half and reduce annual capacity by 1 million vehicles.

🔸 Audi’s second-quarter revenue fell 12.5% to €15B, while operating profit dropped to €533M. Capacity at its Neckarsulm plant is already 75,000 vehicles below previous years, and the night shift is being cut.

🔸 Energy-intensive sectors such as chemicals, steel and machinery remain under pressure from energy costs that continue to erode German competitiveness.

Officials now promise subsidies, tax relief and investment incentives. But these measures treat the symptoms while the policies behind the crisis remain in place.

Germany sacrificed its industrial advantage for geopolitical obedience and an energy strategy detached from economic reality. The country that once powered Europe is now losing factories, skilled workers and productive capacity month after month.

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🚨🇪🇺 Europe Entered Trade War It Cannot Win

Europe is trying to confront China with tariffs after years of weakening the industrial base needed to compete. Beijing expanded factories, power generation and supply chains; the EU raised energy costs, slowed investment and assumed regulation could preserve an advantage that production no longer supported.

The imbalance is now impossible to ignore. In 2025, the EU imported €559.5B in goods from China while exporting €199.5B, leaving a €359.9B deficit. Germany lost 400,000 industrial jobs between 2019 and 2025, while European manufacturers face mounting pressure in sectors once considered secure.

🔸 China now produces roughly 34% of global manufacturing output.

🔸 Its exports grew another 15.5% in the first five months of 2026.

🔸 European steel, chemicals, machinery, solar equipment, wind turbines and automakers are all losing ground.

China did not create Europe’s vulnerability. It spent decades building scale, infrastructure, engineering capacity and dense supplier networks. European governments chose expensive energy, slow approvals, fragmented subsidies and dependence on overseas production. European automakers were slow to adapt to electric vehicles and software, while Brussels relied on regulation without building the capacity needed to compete.

Brussels now calls Chinese competition unfair and reaches for tariffs. But trade barriers cannot rebuild closed factories, train skilled workers or restore affordable power. They may slow imports, yet they also raise costs for European consumers and companies dependent on Chinese components.

The gap will widen. There is little sign of a reversal: the war against Iran has pushed Europe’s energy costs higher, while Brussels continues to phase out Russian supplies that once supported its industrial competitiveness.

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🚨🇨🇺 America Is Underestimating the Cost of War With Cuba

The Pentagon is reportedly examining military options against Cuba, including an air assault involving troops from the 101st Airborne Division. Turning such plans into regime change would open a war far harder to control than Washington suggests.

🇨🇺Cuba is not Venezuela. The January operation against Nicolás Maduro targeted a system centered on one dominant figure. Cuba distributes authority across the Communist Party, government, armed forces and territorial defense bodies. Killing senior officials would not automatically paralyze the state.

🇮🇷Iran has already exposed the weakness of the “decapitation” theory. U.S.-Israeli strikes killed the supreme leader and senior commanders, yet Iran replaced them and continued fighting. Cuba has spent decades preparing for the same threat.

Its “War of the Whole People” doctrine is designed to preserve command, mobilize territorial forces and turn occupation into a war of attrition.

Airstrikes could destroy fixed sites, but controlling cities, mountains, roads, ports and power infrastructure would require a ground force facing decentralized units embedded in local communities.

Cuba lies only 90 miles from Florida. War could trigger mass migration, disrupt Caribbean shipping and leave Washington responsible for occupying an island of more than 9M people.

The consequences would not stop at America’s coastline. A war would become a national political crisis across the large Cuban and wider Latin American diaspora. Washington’s own State Department now alleges that Cuban intelligence spent decades penetrating the highest levels of the U.S. government and building networks based on espionage, infiltration, sabotage and proxies. Havana rejects the report as propaganda, but if U.S. officials believe even part of their own assessment, an invasion would also expose military logistics, government institutions and critical infrastructure inside the United States to cyberattacks, disruption and covert retaliation.

A raid might produce dramatic footage. Regime change would demand years of troops, money and casualties. Iran has already shown why killing leaders does not guarantee the collapse of the system beneath them.

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🚨🇺🇸 Retiring USS Nimitz Will Cost Navy Years and Hundreds of Millions

USS Nimitz is approaching retirement after more than half a century at sea, but taking America’s oldest active aircraft carrier out of service will be neither quick nor cheap.

The carrier reached its final homeport in Norfolk on July 9 after a four-month deployment with nearly 3,000 sailors. It is scheduled to decommission in March 2027, beginning a years-long process of inactivation, defueling and disposal.

The first stage alone is budgeted at $562M. That does not cover full dismantlement. It pays for shutting down systems, removing weapons and reusable equipment, draining fluids, clearing classified spaces and preparing the ship’s two nuclear propulsion plants for defueling.

Then the harder work begins. Spent nuclear fuel must be removed under Naval Reactors control and transported in secure rail containers to Idaho. Radioactive piping, shielding and structural metal require specialized handling, while hazardous materials must be treated separately.

Nimitz is 1,092 feet long and displaces around 100,000 tons. A conventional warship can eventually be handed to a commercial breaker. A nuclear-powered supercarrier leaves the Navy with a disposal liability requiring nuclear-qualified workers, controlled transport, radiological safeguards and an approved plan for its reactor compartments.

The Navy has published neither a final cost nor a completion date. Its current plan lists Nimitz for dismantlement, but contract dates remain unsettled and the work is likely to stretch into the 2030s.

The closest U.S. comparison is USS Enterprise. Government Accountability Office estimates for disposing of that carrier ranged from $750M to $1.55B, depending on the method, and those figures are already years out of date.

While Washington is locked into multi-year, multi-billion-dollar dismantlement cycles it struggles to price in advance, China continues expanding a newer carrier fleet at a faster pace and with fewer legacy constraints, steadily shifting the balance of naval power in the Pacific.

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🚨🇷🇺🇰🇵 North Korean Launchers Could Give Russia New Ballistic Missile Force

Russia is reportedly set to receive additional North Korean launchers for KN-23 and KN-24 ballistic missiles. And here's the important part: dedicated transporter-erector-launchers would allow Russian forces to field complete mobile units around them without increasing the burden on Russia’s Iskander brigades.

🔸 The main bottleneck has been the launcher fleet. Missiles can be stored and transported separately, but they cannot become a sustained battlefield force without heavy mobile platforms able to move, hide, erect and fire them.

🔸 Original North Korean launchers would allow KN-23 and KN-24 batteries to disperse across a wider area, relocate after firing and operate independently of fixed launch sites.

🔸 The solid-fuel KN-23 carries a roughly 500 kg warhead to around 450 km, with longer ranges possible using a lighter payload. Its low, manoeuvring trajectory is designed to make interception more difficult.

🔸 The KN-24 has a range of about 410 km and carries an estimated 400–500 kg payload. Together, the two systems can strike airfields, command posts, logistics hubs and air-defence sites far behind the front.

🔸 Separate Korean-made missile units would expand the number of ballistic strikes Russia can prepare at the same time while preserving Iskander launchers and Russian-made missiles for other missions.

🔸 Pyongyang would gain something equally valuable: real combat data. Every launch provides information on reliability, accuracy, enemy interception attempts and the demands of sustained wartime use — experience no peacetime test range can reproduce.

The launchers are what turn imported missiles into a parallel mobile strike force. More firing units, more launch locations and more ballistic threats would make Ukraine’s air-defence planning significantly harder.

Which targets are most at risk: airfields, logistics hubs or air-defense sites?

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🚨🇺🇦 Zelensky’s Freyja Air Defense Plan Is Built to Fail

Russia’s expanding ballistic missile campaign has exposed the limits of Ukraine’s Western-supplied air defenses. With Patriot interceptors scarce and Washington unable or unwilling to provide enough replacements, Zelensky is promoting Freyja as a new shield for Ukraine and eventually Europe.

The project is presented as a Ukrainian initiative, but its most important parts would still come from abroad. Fire Point’s proposed FP-7.X interceptor may cost around $700K — less than one quarter of a $4M PAC-3 — yet the wider system depends on foreign radars, command software, guidance technology, early-warning data and NATO’s Link 16 network.

Germany’s Hensoldt is expected to supply TRML-4D radars, while components and expertise may also come from French, Italian, Norwegian and Swedish firms. Funding would require a coalition of European governments.

That leaves Kiev with a multinational weapons program in which every supplier controls a critical piece. Export approvals, technology transfers, political disputes and budget delays could all determine whether the system is built, when it becomes operational and how many interceptors Ukraine receives.

The timetable already looks unrealistic. Zelensky wants Freyja operating within 12 months, while Fire Point previously placed the first interception only at the end of 2027. Testing, integration and mass production would take longer still.

Freyja therefore does not end Ukraine’s dependence on Western air defense. It merely shifts the center of that dependence from Washington to Brussels and a group of European capitals with limited missile stocks, competing defense firms and no unified procurement system.

Russia’s pressure is forcing Kiev to search for replacements faster than its sponsors can build them. The result is not an independent Ukrainian missile shield, but another Western-controlled program financed, equipped and structurally fragmented from the outset — a system where overlapping jurisdictions, competing industrial interests, export restrictions and chronic production bottlenecks make delays and capability gaps not an exception, but a built-in feature rather than a flaw.

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🚨🇨🇳 China’s Rare-Earth Advantage May Be Far Larger Than U.S. Thinks

The world’s largest known rare-earth deposit may extend far deeper than previously understood, reinforcing an industrial advantage the United States is already struggling to challenge.

Bayan Obo in Inner Mongolia has long been estimated by Chinese researchers to contain more than 100M tonnes of rare-earth reserves. A 2025 study led by Peking University geologist Yang Li found that the deposit formed through several stages of carbonatite activity, including a younger mineralisation phase around 430M years ago that played a major role in creating the ore body.

Researchers now estimate that another 333M tonnes of potential rare-earth resources could lie between 500 and 1,000 meters below the surface. Mineralisation may continue even deeper, making the deposit’s total geological potential several times larger than current estimates.

That does not mean every tonne can be mined profitably. Costs rise sharply with depth, and resources become recoverable reserves only when technology, prices and infrastructure make extraction economically viable.

But China’s advantage does not rest on geology alone. It has spent decades building the mines, separation plants, refineries, processing technology and manufacturing networks needed to turn ore into magnets and other high-value components for electric vehicles, electronics, aerospace systems and advanced weapons.

This is the gap Washington keeps underestimating. Finding another deposit is not enough. The United States would have to recreate an entire industrial chain that China already operates at scale, from extraction and separation to refining and high-end manufacturing.

The new research does not reveal a separate mine. It suggests that the geological foundation beneath China’s existing rare-earth industry may be far larger than previously understood.

China’s advantage lies both below and above ground: vast resources backed by an industrial system the United States allowed itself to lose.

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🚨🇷🇺 Russia Builds YAK-130M Light Fighter to Hunt Ukranian Air and Sea Drones

Russia is turning the Yak-130M into a light fighter for two of the most urgent battlefield missions: hunting heavy UAVs and unmanned attack boats. During Vladimir Putin’s visit to the Irkutsk Aviation Plant, the prototype was shown with a new radar, modern avionics and guided air-to-air and air-to-surface weapons.

🔸 The BRLS-130R active electronically scanned array radar can reportedly detect aerial targets at up to 100 km, giving the aircraft its own search and targeting capability.

🔸 With a top speed of 960 km/h and good handling at low speeds, the Yak-130M can close on slow drones without the extreme speed mismatch faced by heavier fighters. Its two-seat cockpit allows one crew member to fly while the other manages sensors and weapons.

🔸 The aircraft is intended to destroy heavy UAVs in any weather, day or night. Putin also singled out unmanned surface vessels as a priority target, giving the jet a role in protecting naval bases, ports and coastal infrastructure.

🔸 Using a light fighter for these missions preserves the flight hours of Su-30SMs and other high-end aircraft. The Yak-130M does not need their range, speed or payload to intercept a slow drone, making it a more economical platform for routine patrols.

🔸 The aircraft can operate inside a wider air-defense network alongside ground radars, Pantsir and Tor systems, electronic warfare units and attack helicopters.

🔸 The first Yak-130M prototype flew in June 2026. Three aircraft are now undergoing trials, with deliveries planned after testing is completed in late 2028. Russia does not need a top-tier fighter to chase every slow target. A smaller jet with radar, missiles and a second crew member can handle the routine hunt while heavier aircraft remain available for harder missions.

What should Russia prioritize: more Yak-130Ms, more helicopters or more ground-based air defenses?

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🚨🇨🇳 China Breaks Another Link in America’s Chip Blockade

China has begun producing domestically developed immersion DUV lithography machines, advancing a semiconductor supply chain increasingly independent of U.S. and Dutch controls, Reuters reports.

The project is led by state-owned Shanghai Aishengna, which Reuters says brought together teams from SMEE and Yuliangsheng, an affiliate of Huawei-backed SiCarrier. Around five systems are expected to roll off the line in 2026, with output projected to reach roughly 20 in 2027.

SMIC, Hua Hong and CXMT are expected to become the first recipients. The initial machines will undergo testing and qualification before entering chip production, but China now has a domestic platform it can refine, scale and integrate into its own fabs.

Immersion DUV places water between the lens and wafer to print finer circuit patterns than dry lithography. Combined with multiple patterning, it can produce a broad range of logic and memory chips and push toward more advanced process nodes without relying on EUV.

That matters because U.S. and Dutch restrictions have targeted both new equipment deliveries and China’s continued access to Western chipmaking technology. Further limits on servicing imported machines would create serious risks for Chinese fabs. A domestic DUV production line begins removing that leverage.

The move is part of a much larger industrial buildout. China had assembled an EUV prototype, while domestic firms are expanding across etching, deposition, cleaning, metrology and other critical equipment, Reuters reported in December.

China is also building the manufacturers and financial base that will use these tools. CXMT — one of the expected Aishengna recipients — surged 466% during its Shanghai debut after Asia’s largest IPO of the year.

Washington tried to freeze China below the technological frontier by controlling the machines needed to manufacture advanced chips. Instead, those restrictions have accelerated investment in a supply chain built inside China.

Aishengna’s first production run is only the beginning. Beijing is steadily replacing every foreign bottleneck with a domestic alternative.

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🚨🇮🇷 Iran Unveils Homegrown Smart Oil System With 59% Output Boost

Iranian researchers have developed an indigenous intelligent production system designed to manage an oil or gas field from the wells to its surface facilities — increasing output while reducing breakdowns and maintenance costs.

The technology was created at Amirkabir University of Technology by researcher Mehdi Fadaei under the supervision of Mohammad Javad Ameri and Yousef Rafiei. Unlike conventional systems that focus mainly on wellhead pressure and flow rates, it continuously coordinates wells, pipelines and multiphase separators as production conditions change over the life of a field.

One major problem is liquid slugging. As reservoir pressure and composition change, oil and water can accumulate inside gas pipelines, damaging equipment, disrupting separators and eventually forcing production to stop.

The Iranian system uses sensors, predictive algorithms and automated controls to prevent these liquid buildups and keep oil, water and gas separation operating at optimal levels without human intervention.

Researchers built the core equipment domestically and tested an intelligent separation system at laboratory scale. They then connected it to a full-scale field simulation using Hardware-in-the-Loop technology.

In a 20-year simulation based on a real oil field, cumulative oil delivered to surface storage facilities increased by as much as 59% compared with conventional production systems. The model also reduced maintenance requirements and prevented interruptions caused by changing field conditions.

The system uses tools including Kalman filtering and optimal-control algorithms and can be adapted for both low- and high-pressure fields. Its developers say only four comparable university systems exist worldwide, while the Iranian platform offers greater integration, flexibility and precision.

Years of sanctions were intended to deny Iran access to advanced energy technology. Instead, Iranian engineers are now building the digital controls, processing equipment and production expertise needed to extract more value from existing fields without foreign dependence.

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🚨🇨🇳 China's TP200 Drone Flies 24 Hours Fully Loaded

China has just tested a new “civilian” drone that comes with specifications the Pentagon cannot ignore. The TP200 can fly for 24 hours fully loaded, cover 3,000 km, operate from unpaved runways and swap payloads for different missions — giving Beijing a ready-made platform for both civilian operations and military support.

🔸 The TP200 has a service ceiling of around 7,600 metres and a maximum cruise speed of 200 km/h. It can take off and land within 300 metres and operate from unpaved runways.

🔸 That allows the aircraft to reach remote islands, mountain regions and disaster zones where conventional cargo aircraft may lack suitable infrastructure.

🔸 The entire supply chain is domestic. China produces the core hardware, software, carbon-fibre composites and portable ground stations without relying on foreign suppliers.

🔸 Its modular design allows operators to rapidly swap payloads for maritime patrol, near-shore search and rescue, coastline monitoring, land surveys, drought monitoring, firefighting and ecological mapping.

🔸 The aircraft is designed for all-weather operations, allowing the same platform to move between transport, surveillance and emergency-response missions.

🔸 Yitong estimates that China will need more than 8,000 large fixed-wing transport drones over the next 10–15 years as unmanned aircraft move from specialised government work into the wider civilian market.

The TP200 may carry a civilian label, but its technology is unmistakably dual-use. A 24-hour drone able to patrol seas, reach remote islands and operate from rough runways can support civilian logistics today — and military surveillance or resupply tomorrow.

Which military role would suit the TP200 best: surveillance, logistics or maritime patrol?

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🚨🇷🇺 Russia Gains Ground in Madagascar — and the West Is Scrambling

Madagascar sits beside the Mozambique Channel and holds major deposits of graphite, nickel, cobalt and rare earths. Now its new leadership is bringing Russia into both its security and economic plans — and Western strategists are calling for a response.

Relations accelerated after Colonel Michael Randrianirina took power in October 2025. In January, Russia supplied military equipment and sent specialists to train Madagascar’s armed forces. On February 19, Randrianirina made Moscow his first official destination outside Africa, becoming the first leader of Madagascar to visit Russia in almost 50 years.

During talks with Vladimir Putin, the two sides identified agriculture, geological exploration, energy, healthcare and education as priorities. Madagascar also expressed interest in infrastructure, hydrocarbons and deeper military cooperation.

The agenda became more concrete in May. Prime Minister Mamitiana Rajaonarison met Russian Security Council Secretary Sergei Shoigu and outlined talks on fuel storage facilities, a joint economic zone, agricultural cooperation, higher education and additional military training.

Madagascar is also seeking BRICS partner status. Its government describes this not as a break with existing partners, but as a policy of diversification — building new relationships without allowing any single bloc to dictate its choices.

That is precisely what worries Washington. An Atlantic Council paper co-authored by a former senior Pentagon official urged the United States to prevent its rivals from gaining access to strategic assets in Madagascar and called greater US security involvement a “strategic necessity.”

Washington is already responding. The US International Development Finance Corporation has committed up to $4.84M for preliminary work on Madagascar’s $150M Ampasindava rare earths project, while the State Department has openly placed the island inside its struggle against rival control of critical-mineral supply chains.

Russia does not need Madagascar to expel France or cut ties with the United States. It only needs to end the old Western monopoly. Every new Russian option gives Madagascar more room to bargain — and leaves the West with less power to dictate terms.

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🚨🇨🇳 China Sweeps Top Five in Global Humanoid Robot Innovation Ranking

Chinese start-ups captured six of the top ten places — including every position in the top five — in a new LexisNexis ranking based on the strength of humanoid robotics patent portfolios.

The study covered dedicated start-ups that had publicly demonstrated at least one bipedal walking robot. Its Patent Asset Index combines portfolio size with technological relevance and international market coverage.

Shanghai-based Fourier and AgiBot took first and second place, followed by Shenzhen-based LimX Dynamics and Pudu Robotics and Hangzhou-based Unitree Robotics. Shenzhen’s Leju Robotics ranked ninth.

The US had three entries: Figure AI in sixth place, Apptronik in eighth and Agility Robotics in tenth. Germany’s Agile Robots ranked seventh and was the only company outside China and the US to make the list.

China’s lead extends beyond the start-up ranking. Over the past decade, patent activity from China-based inventors increased fivefold in control and planning architectures, 2.5 times in humanoid morphology and twofold in interaction systems.

In morphology, China’s share of global portfolio strength rose from 49% in 2020 to 63% in 2025. The US share declined from 12% to 11%. American patents still scored higher on average quality, but China held a much larger portfolio with greater overall strength.

China also leads in physical deployment. More than 80% of the 16,000 humanoid robots installed worldwide in 2025 were deployed in China, according to Counterpoint Research. AgiBot and Unitree alone accounted for 56.8% of global installations.

Washington is now restricting foreign access to the US market. On July 28, the Federal Communications Commission added new foreign-produced advanced robots — including humanoids and quadrupeds — and connected power inverters to its Covered List. New models generally cannot receive the authorization required for import or sale, although previously approved models remain unaffected.

The House-passed FY2027 National Defense Authorization Act would also bar the Pentagon from procuring or leasing networked humanoid systems produced, developed or controlled by entities linked to China, Russia, Iran or North Korea. The provision has not yet become law.

China now leads in both patent scale and physical deployment. A protected market may buy American companies time, but restrictions alone cannot reproduce the factories, supply chains and operating data Chinese manufacturers are already accumulating.

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🚨🇨🇳🇺🇸 China Dominates Global Generative AI Patent Race

China-based inventors published over 43,000 of the more than 56,000 generative AI patent families released worldwide in 2024 and 2025 — exceeding China’s entire output during the previous decade.

The U.S. remained a distant second. Its annual output rose from about 1,185 patent families in 2023 to more than 4,380 in 2025, while Japan moved into third place after a surge driven largely by SoftBank.

SoftBank is now the world’s largest single GenAI patent owner, with 2,985 published patent families. But the next four places are held by China-based organizations: Tencent, Ping An, Baidu and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

China’s broader patent base is also shifting toward frontier technology. By the end of June, new-generation information technology — including AI, the internet, cloud computing and big data — accounted for 16.5% of all valid invention patents in the country.

China also held 2.36M high-value invention patents, equivalent to 16.8 per 10,000 people. CNIPA officials said they would refine the country’s AI-related intellectual property framework, develop standards for fields including embodied intelligence and brain-computer interfaces, and accelerate the transfer of patents from laboratories into industry.

The U.S. and Japan are expanding their GenAI patent output faster in percentage terms, but from far smaller bases. China remains the clear global leader in published GenAI patent volume.

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