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Gate theory:-
Neural gate can open and close thereby modulating pain

Gate is located in the spinal cord (It is the SG)

When the gate is closed signals from small diameter pain fibres do not excite the dorsal
horn transmission neurons.

โ€ข When the gate is open pain signals excite dorsal horn transmission cells.

โœ“โœ“Three Factors Involved in Opening and Closing the Gate:-

โ€ข The amount of activity in the pain fibers.

โ€ข The amount of activity in other peripheral fibers.

โ€ข Messages that descend from the brain.
opioid theory:-

short peptides secreted from CNS and GIT and...

opioid peptides:-

โ€ข endorphin
โ€ข encephalins
โ€ข dynorphin
โ€ข Endomorphine

โœ“โœ“Depend on (descending tracts)

๐Ÿ‘‰ it involves encephalin secreting neurons in the
reticular formation.
๐Ÿ‘‰ starting from the PAG (periaqueductal grey area)
of the midbrain.
๐Ÿ‘‰ending in the NRM (nucleus raphe magnus) of the medulla.
๐Ÿ‘‰ from their ending in the substantia gelatinosa of
the dorsal horn.

โ˜‘๏ธ in the subtantia gelatinosa:-
enkephalin secreting neuron is involved in presynaptic inhibition of the pain impulse transmission by blocking substance P release.

โœ“โœ“Activation of opiate receptors at the interneuronal level produces hyperpolarization of the neurons, which result in the inhibition of firing and the release of substance P, a neurotransmitter involved in pain transmission, thereby blocking pain transmission.

โ˜… Simply:- used in analgesic effect ( relief the pain)
๐Ÿ‘2
Autogenic inhibition :-

- ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ GTO ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Muscle belly ูˆ ุงู„ู€ tendon ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง.
- ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ู€ GTO ุจุชุชู„ุฎุต ููŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุนุงูŠุฒ ูŠุฑูŠุญ ุงู„ู…ุงุณู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ Increased tension ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ูˆ ุงู„ muscle tendon ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงุณุชุฑุชุด ูˆ ุฏุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุจุจ ุชู†ุดูŠุท ู„ู„ GTO ูˆ ูŠุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุณู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุชุด ูˆ ุฏุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุชูŠู† :

- ุจุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ inhibition ู„ู„ contraction ููŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุณู…ู‡
[Reflex inhibition or Relaxation ].

- ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ contraction ู„ู„ Antagonist ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ Relaxation ููŠ ุงู„ Agonist.

ูˆ ุจูƒุฏู‡ ุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ muscle flexibility ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑู‡ ุนู† ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุช relax ูˆ ุชุณุชุฌูŠุจ ู„ู„ stretch ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ูˆ ุฃุณุฑุน ูˆ ุฏุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆูุฑู‡ ุงู„ู€ autogenic inhibition.
โค2
Each muscle has 2 Receptors :-

1- Golgi tendon organ (GTO).
2- Muscle spindle.

ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ู… ุนูƒุณ ุจุนุถ ู„ุฃู† ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุนุงู…ู„ contraction ู„ู…ุงุณู„ ู„ูุชุฑู‡ ุทูˆูŠู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ tension ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ู€ GTO ุจุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ Reflex Relaxation ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ู‡ ู…ูŠุญุตู„ู‡ุงุด Tear..
ุฃู…ุง Muscle spindle ุจุชู‚ุงูˆู… ุงู„ู€ Stretch ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏู‡ ุจุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ Contraction.

ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงุตู‡ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ GTO ูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ Contraction ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏู‡ ุจุงู„ู€ Relaxation ูˆุงู„ู€ Muscle spindle ูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู€ Stretch ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏู‡ ุจุงู„ู€ Contraction.
โค4
Reciprocal inhibition :-

- ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ muscle spindle ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ muscle belly.

- ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ muscle spindle ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุชุด ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏู‡ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ contraction ููŠ ุงู„ Agonist ูˆ ุฏุง ุงุณู…ู‡ (Stretch Reflex) ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ Relaxation ููŠ ุงู„ Antagonist ูˆ ุฏุง ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ GTO.
โค4๐Ÿ‘1
๐Ÿ”นContract relaxโ†’Autogenic inhibition.

๐Ÿ”นAntagonist contractionโ†’ Reciprocal inhibition.

๐Ÿ”นHold relax contractโ†’ Both
โค3
In MET :-

ู…ุน ุงู„ุนุถู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ agonist ) weak) ุชูุถู„ ุชุนู…ู„ reciprocal inhibition ุนู„ุดุงู† ุชู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ firing impulses ู„ู„ุนุถู„ู‡ ุฏูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ impulses ุฏูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชุงุฌูˆู†ุณุช ู„ุงู† ุงู„ spinal cord ู…ุง ุจูŠุฏูŠุด impulses ู„ุนุถู„ุชูŠู† ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ antagonist ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง spasm ูˆูŠุฏูŠ ู„ู„ุงุฌูˆู†ุณุช ุงู„ weak.

ู„ูƒู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุนุถู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง spasm ุฃูˆ over contracted ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจู‡ ู„ู„ุงู†ุชุงุฌูˆู†ุณุช ูŠูุถู„ ุชุนู…ู„ autogenic inhibitions.
โค3
ูŠูุถู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ spasm ุงู†ูƒ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ MET ูˆ ู…ุน ุงู„ tightness ุชูุถู„ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ stretch ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ ูˆ ูŠูุถู„ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุฑุฏู‡ ุงู„ process ุฏูŠ ุจุงู„ MET ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ stretch ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุง ุจูŠุจู‚ุงุด painful.
โค2