‼️Which feedback mechanism is most commonly involved in regulating hormone secretion?
Anonymous Quiz
5%
Positive feedback
71%
Negative feedback
14%
Reflex control
10%
Feedforward control
✨How are hormones transported from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary?
Anonymous Quiz
21%
Axonal transmission through the hypothalamic-hypophysial tract
69%
Hypothalamic-hypophysial portal circulation
8%
Systemic blood circulation
3%
Passive diffusion across the median eminence
What is the basal level of Growth Hormone (GH) in normal adult humans?
Anonymous Quiz
21%
6 ng/ml
41%
1.5–3 ng/ml
21%
10 ng/ml
18%
0.5–1 ng/ml
How does GH secretion change with age?
Anonymous Quiz
14%
It increases continuously after adolescence
14%
It remains constant throughout life
51%
It decreases to about 25% of adolescent levels in old age
22%
It stops entirely after adolescence
‼️In which pattern is GH secreted?
Anonymous Quiz
22%
Continuous
30%
Pulsatile
41%
During sleep only
8%
Random
What is the basal level of (GH) in children or adolescents?
Anonymous Quiz
16%
1.5–3 ng/ml
48%
6 ng/ml
19%
10 ng/ml
16%
0.5–1 ng/ml
✨How does Growth Hormone (GH) affect bone growth before the closure of the epiphysis?
Anonymous Quiz
5%
It stops chondrogenesis, preventing any linear growth.
74%
It stimulates chondrogenesis, resulting in increased linear growth.
15%
It promotes osteoclast activity, leading to bone shortening.
5%
It inhibits osteoblast function, decreasing linear growth.
‼️‼️GH mostly affects bone growth by which
Anonymous Quiz
25%
Directly by acting on its receptor
48%
indirectly by acting on “ IGF-1 “
7%
None
20%
Both
✨After the closure of the epiphyses, how does (GH) affect bone growth?
Anonymous Quiz
0%
⬆️linear growth by⬆️ chondrogenesis.
75%
⬆️bone thickness by ⬆️ osteoblasts in the periosteum and membranous cavities.
17%
⬇️ any further bone growth once epiphyses are closed.
8%
⬇️ osteoblast activity and ❌ bone formation.
🔥Note ;
Bone thickness appears mostly in membranous bone ( skull , jaw)
Bone thickness appears mostly in membranous bone ( skull , jaw)
How does (GH) affect protein metabolism?
Anonymous Quiz
12%
It enhances amino acid transport into cells.
6%
It increases nuclear transcription of DNA to form RNA.
6%
It stimulates RNA translation to increase protein synthesis by ribosomes.
12%
It decreases catabolism of cell protein and amino acids.
64%
All of the above
How does (GH) affect carbohydrate metabolism?
Anonymous Quiz
8%
Increases liver glucose output and gluconeogenesis
18%
Reduces glucose uptake by cells
5%
Increases glycogen deposition
69%
All of the above
Note✨# Cortisol is the mistro hermone in Gluconeogenesis process
✨Why is GH considered a diabetogenic hormone?
Anonymous Quiz
13%
It decreases insulin secretion.
18%
It increases glucose uptake.
62%
It causes insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.
8%
It reduces blood glucose concentration.
Regarding thyroid hormone is true
Anonymous Quiz
13%
Calorigenic hormones increase BMR
23%
Increase blood glucose level by stimulation glucogenisis, glycogenolysis
0%
Decrease blood cholesterol level
65%
All of the above
TSH release is controlled through negative feedback by
Anonymous Quiz
14%
Cold exposure
38%
TRH
49%
Free T3 and T4
Not from action of thyroid hormones
Anonymous Quiz
29%
Its increase causes decrease in diastolic blood pressure
24%
Increase diastolic blood pressure
38%
Stimulation milk secretion
9%
Its increase lead to increase in respiratory rate and depth
Which of the following is seen in hypothyroidism
Anonymous Quiz
15%
Tachycardia
15%
Excessive sweating
21%
Pitting edema
50%
Non pitting edema
Increase plasma thyroid hormone decrease secretion of TSH by positive feedback mechanism
Anonymous Quiz
34%
True
66%
False