Severe colicky pain associated with sever backache followed by passage od Endometrial cast usually triangular in shape

Causes of secondary dysmenorrhea

Pain occurs at ovulation

Endometriosis pain

Endometriosis pain is called crescendo-decrescendo pain

In case of climacteric: the sub ventricular nucleus of hypothalamus undergoes marked hyperplasia in 1/3 cases, and moderate hyperplasia in another third.

Anatomical changes of ovaries in menopause

IN Premenopausal phase the breasts decrease on size

The genital tract changes during menopause

The endometrium retains the ability to respond to estrogenic stimulation after menopause

The metabolic changes during menopause include high LDL and low Ca

Hot flashes

The innervation of bladder is

Involuntary loss of urine with strong desire to void due to irritable muscles of bladder

Involuntary loss of urine from over distended bladder

Involuntary loss of urine through any channel other than the urethra as fistula is SUI

The causes of SUI may be short urethra

Loss of posterior urethrovesical junction