The bile is secreted by the Liver cells

The maximum volume of the gallbladder is about 20-60ml, but I can store about 500ml (24 hours’ secretions)

During concentration of the bile: the concentration happens because of the active removal transport of Na, which passively draws Cl,HCO3, &H2O. The concentrations of bile salts, cholesterol, lecithin, and bilirubin are markedly increased.

Liver bile contains 28 mEq/L HCO3, while gallbladder bile contains 10 mEq/L.

The intestinal mucus secreted by the small intestine is in a form of mucins.

Intestinal mucus is secreted by:
A.surface epithelial cells though out the GIT
B.Goblet cells in the mucosa of the small intestine .
C.Brunner’s glands in the duodenum.

Brunner’s glands are inhibited by sympathetic stimulation , which causes peptic ulcers.

The intestinal alkaline fluid secretions are formed by the crypts of Lieberkühn

the secretions contains isotonic fluid of Nacl, & HCO3 , formed at a rate of 1800ml/day

These secretions are rapidly absorbed by the villi, this circulation of fluid from the crypts to the villi supplies a watery vehicle for absorption of substances from the chyme as it comes in contact with the villi.

The enzymes in the small intestine are not secreted into the intestine, they are on the brush border of the epithelial cells of the mucosa covering the villi, they digest some food substances while they are being absorbed. These enzymes are peptidases, disaccharidases, and intestinal libase

GIT اهم النقاط ل

All Actions of the SCAPULA.
#Muscle_test

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طلعان عنينا فوق بنمتحن
الجامعه تحت:

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يا مزاجكوا يا رجاله

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLAjkyo7whO0IcNN-clCuPZlBrmUdyLRS0&si=h_2kyVf4Ap6Io6TP


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● Stretching for upper and lower limbs.
#Therapeutic_ex