أسئلة endocrine

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#physiology_3
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Actions of estrogen

I- On female sex organs:
1- The primary female sex organs (the ovaries):
a) It induces the growth and maturation of the graffian follicles.
b) It is essential for formation of the corpus luteum (by stimulating LH surge).
2- The secondary female sex organs:
a) Fallopian tubes: estrogen stimulates:
- Growth of its mucosal and muscular layers. - Its motility.
b) Uterus:
- It is responsible for the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle.
- It stimulates growth of the myometrium, endometrial epithelium and glands.
- It increases uterine blood flow.
- It stimulates contractility of the myometrium.
- It increases sensitivity of the myometrium to the action of oxytocin.
c) Cervix: It makes the cervical mucus thin and alkaline which promotes the survival and
transport of sperms.
d) Vagina: It causes change of the vaginal epithelium into a stratified type which resists trauma.
II- On the female sex characters: estrogen is the feminizing hormone; it produces the following
changes in girls at puberty
a) Characteristic fat distribution: Fat is deposited in the breasts, lower abdomen, buttocks and
thighs (characteristic feminine contour).
b) Changes in the body configuration: Narrow shoulders & broad hips.
c) The skin is soft, smooth, more vascular and warm.
d) Feminine distribution of hair:
- Less body hair. - More scalp hair without frontal recession.
-The pubic hair is triangular with its base up.
e) The larynx and the vocal cords are not enlarged. So, the voice remains high pitched.
f) The breasts: It increases:
- The stromal tissues of breasts. - Development of the duct system.
- Fat deposition in the breast - blood flow of breast.
- Growth of the nipples and darkening of the areolas.
III- Psychological and behavioral changes:
Estrogens are also responsible for the psychological and behavioral changes that occur in girls at
puberty.
IV- General metabolic effects:
1- Anabolic effect on protein metabolism.
2-On bone:
a) It stimulates the osteoblastic activity.
b) It causes early union of the epiphysis so; the mature female is usually shorter than the
male.
3- It causes Na+ & water retention.
4- Cholesterol lowering effect

Actions of progesterone:


1- It is essential for occurrence & maintenance of pregnancy.
2- Uterus:
i- It promotes secretory changes of endometrium during the secretory phase of menstrual cycle.
ii- It prepares the uterus for implantation of the fertilized ovum.
iii- It decreases uterine contractions through decreasing myometrium sensitivity to oxytocin
(Which is essential for maintenance of pregnancy)
iv- It decreases the number of estrogen receptors in the endometrium.
3- Cervix: It makes the cervical mucus thick, tenacious and cellular
4- Vagina: It makes vaginal epithelium proliferate and become infiltrated by leucocytes
5- Breast: It promotes growth of the secretory acini of the breasts.
6 - Thermogenic effect: It increases the body temperature by about 0.5 ⁰C in the second half of
menstrual cycle due to increased basal metabolic rate by about (5-10%)
7- On electrolyte and water balance:
 Progesterone in large dose, it increases Na+ and water excretion.
 But in small doses, it causes Na+ and water retention.
8- It prevents ovulation & menstruation during pregnancy: Through a negative feedback
mechanism by inhibition of LH secretion

مَا خَابَ مِنْ فِي اَللَّهِ كَانَ رَجَاهُ،
فَافَزْعْ إِلَيْهِ وَخَلِّ ذِكْرِ سِوَاهُ.♡'

_قيام الليل ومتسوش تدعولنا🤍.

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كويز 100 سؤال إلكترو.
#Electro_therapy

بغض النظر عن أي درجات أو GPA
إن أرقام تتكتب علشان تدل علي اللي عملته طول الترم شيء ظالم أوي..
الأيام اللي بتصحى فيها لوحدك بالليل أو الفجر وتذاكر في عز البرد والسهر والتعب وتوقف حياتك وهواياتك بسبب إمتحانات والحزن والوحدة والقلق وعدم انتظام في الاكل وبعيد عن أهلك كل ده علشان تتعلم و تطلع شخص ناجح كل ده يترجم لأرقام ؟!
مهما حصل و مهما عملت إيه افتخر بنفسك وبمجهودك طالما عملت اللي عليك♥️

صباحُ الخير.. 🤍

«سَتندَم حِين تَرى أناسًا كانُوا في مِثل سنِّك وظرُوفك، شمروا عن سَاعد الجدِّ، ووضعُوا على أكتافهِم سِلاح العزم، وفِي قلُوبهم زادُ الهِمة، وتركُوا التَّفاهات الشبكِية - الَّتي تَشغل بِها يَومك وليلتك الآن - وَراء ظُهورِهم...

‏قدْ وصلُوا إلى مُبتغاهم، ونالُوا مرادَهم، وترى أنك لا تَزال في مكانك لم تَبرحه!

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#نصائح_وتوجيهات_إلي_طلاب_العلم

أسئلة نيورو فيسيولوجى والفايل التاني الإجابات.
#Neuro_physiology

انا اعرف واحد قالي النيورو أسهل مادة هتاخدها فى سنه تانية 🤡

تقريبا كان قصده فى السمر 💀☠