๐—ฃ๐—ง ๐—ฉ๐—ถ๐—ฏ๐—ฒ๐˜€ | ๐—ฃ๐—ต๐˜†๐˜€๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐—น ๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ฝ๐˜†
11.6K subscribers
1.53K photos
203 videos
2K files
1.22K links
A student-led Physical Therapy educational community.
PT students' space to Learn โ€ข Practice โ€ข Grow
https://www.instagram.com/pt_vibess?igsh=bW1sNWRlM283ZXVy
Contact us : @Physical_Therapy_TBot
Download Telegram
Subsensory level:-
Stimulation occurs within the output interval between the point at which the output intensity rises from 0 to the point at which the patient receive a discrete electrical sensation.
โ€ขโ”โ•โ•โ•โ•โ”โ€ขเฎœ๐Ÿ’Žเฎœโ€ขโ”โ•โ•โ•โ•โ”โ€ข
Sensory Level:-
Stimulation describes an output that stimulates only sensory nerves.
This level is found by increasing the output to the point at which a slight muscle twitch is seen and then decreasing the output by approximately 10%
โ€ขโ”โ•โ•โ•โ•โ”โ€ขเฎœ๐Ÿ’Žเฎœโ€ขโ”โ•โ•โ•โ•โ”โ€ข
Motor level:-
Stimulation describes an intensity that produces a visible contraction without causing pain.
โ€ขโ”โ•โ•โ•โ•โ”โ€ขเฎœ๐Ÿ’Žเฎœโ€ขโ”โ•โ•โ•โ•โ”โ€ข
Noxious Level:-
Current applied at an intensity that stimulates pain fibers.
Neuropraxia
Mild degree blockage
Local conduction block
No wallerian degeneration
Reversible
Axon isn't disrupted
No muscle waste
Decrease(loss) of strength
Absence of tendon reflex (below the level of lesion)
Slightly sensory loss
No sympathetic change
Class l.......
Recovery weeks to months

โ€ขโ”โ•โ•โ•โ•โ”โ€ขเฎœ๐Ÿ’Žเฎœโ€ขโ”โ•โ•โ•โ•โ”โ€ข

Axonotmesis
Second degree
The axon only disrupted
Loss of nerve conduction
Wallerian degeneration occurs
Arreflxia occurs
Axon degeneration occurs at rate 1-8 mm/day
Occurs due to (profound nature compression, traction, prolonged friction, percussion injury,closed crush, injection and operation)
Class ll
Recovery may occur

โ€ขโ”โ•โ•โ•โ•โ”โ€ขเฎœ๐Ÿ’Žเฎœโ€ขโ”โ•โ•โ•โ•โ”โ€ข

Neurotmesis
Greatest degree
Complete disruption
Wallerian degeneration occurs
Regeneration may occur
Disruption of axon
Paralysis of denervated muscle
Loss of nerve conduction
Sensory disruption
Vasomotor disruption
May occur due to (stap would,high velocity projectiles and nerve traction disrupting the connective tissue of the nerve with complete transaction of nerve trunk)
Class lll
Regeneration may occur
ุงู„ู…ุณุงูู‡ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุทุน ุงู„ progression line ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ BOS distance ุฃูˆ step width
โœ… In normal walking speed

- Lower extremities ( primary ) , trunk and arms for stability ( secondary ).

โœ…In faster speeds

- Balance and stability with lower extremities for producing greater ROM.

- Upper extremities with trunk for propulsion.
Pathological Gait
#gait
โ– Influences on gait

(ุงู„ู…ุคุซุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนุงู„ู…ุดูŠุฉ ูˆู„ูŠุณุช ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ)

1- Pain :-

ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ pain ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุณู…ู‡ Antalgic gait ูŠุนู†ูŠ
pain due to abnormal Walking.

2- Posture :-

ุฃูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Proper body biomechanics ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Ideal posture ุฏุง ูŠุณุจุจ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ Gait.

3- Flexibility and the amount of available joint motion.

ุจู…ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ Skeletal muscle ู„ูŠู‡ุง Mechanical properities ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€Contractility ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุจุงุถ ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุจุณุงุท ูˆ flexibility, Extensibility ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Stretching ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ุจุชุนู…ู„ุด ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุฏูŠ ุฏุง ู‡ูŠุณุจุจ pathological gait.

4-Muscle Endurance\ strength

ุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุถุนู ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุฏุง ุทุจุนุง ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุน ุงู„ gait
5-Base of Support

ุฃูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ BOS ุณูˆุงุก ู†ู‚ุตุงู† ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ

6- Inter limb coordination\ integration\ coupling :-

ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ Harmony ุจูŠู† ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฃุจุฑ ูˆุงู„ู„ูˆุฑ ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ limbs both ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ limb Lower ูˆ ุงู„ both limbs ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ upper limb.. ุฃูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุน ุงู„ gait ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ูˆ ุนุงูŠุฒูƒ ูƒุฏุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุฏุง ู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงูŠู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ Right side hemiplegia ูˆ ุนุงูŠุฒ ุงุนุฑู ู‡ูˆ ูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ harmony ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุณุฌุงู… ูˆ ุงู„ุชู†ุงุณู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช.

7- Leg Length Discrepancy :- "LLD"

ูŠุนู†ูŠ shortening in limb ุณูˆุงุก ููŠ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู†ุงุญูŠุชูŠู† ูŠุนู…ู„Limping ูˆ ุฏุง ุจุฑุฏูˆ
pathological pattern of gait.

8-Gender

ุงู„ Male pattern of walking ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ Female pattern of walking.. ุฃูŠ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุดูŠู‡ ู…ู…ูŠุฒู‡ ุฒูŠ ุจุตู…ุฉ ุงูŠุฏูƒ ูƒุฏุง.

9-Pregnancy

ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุญุงู…ู„ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ุจู€
Pathological pattern of gait (lurching gait).

10- Obesity

ุฃูŠ ุญุฏ ูˆุฒู†ู‡ ุฒุงูŠุฏ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ู…ุดูŠุชู‡ ุฒูŠ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ stance phase ุชูƒูˆู† ูุชุฑุชู‡ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ swing phase ูุชุฑุชู‡ุง ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ.
11-Age

ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ูˆู‡ู† ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุŒ ุชูŠุจุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ุŒูˆูู‚ุฏุงู† ุงู„Flexibility.

12-Lateral & vertical displacement of the COG

13-Properly functioning reflexes

14-Vertical Ground Reaction Forces

ุงู„ forces ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุช affect ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
Sole of foot / planter aspect

ุงุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุดูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุงู„(GRF) ground reaction force ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู…ูˆุฏู‰ ุงู„ GRF ุŒ ุจุฑุฏูˆ ุงู„ shear force ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุฒุญู„ู‚ุชูƒ.

15-Medial-Lateral Shear Forces

16-Anterior-Posterior Shear Forces


โ– Causes of Pathological Gait :-

1. Deformity :-

(CONGENITAL ูˆุฑุงุซูŠ OR AQUIRED ู…ูƒุชุณุจ ).

2. Imparied motor control or spasticity :-

ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฏู… ู‚ุฏุฑุชูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒู‡

Notice that :-

ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู€ muscle tone ู‚ู„ ุฏูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุณู…ู‡ุงflaccidityุงูˆ hypotonia ูˆู„ูˆ ุฒุงุฏุช ุชุจู‚ู‰ hypertonicity ุงูˆ spasticity.

3. Sensory loss
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู‚ุฏุงู† ุงู„ุงุญุณุงุณ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ compression ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ blood vessels ูˆุงู„ nerves.
4. Pain

5. Muscle weakness
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠ ุนุถู„ุฉ ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุถุนู ุฃูˆ atrophy disused.

ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† Paresis ูˆ Paralysis โฌ‡๏ธ :
- Paralysis (ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดู„ู„ ุฏุงุฆู…)
- Paresis (ู…ุคู‚ุช)

Types of deformity :

โ–Deformity of Hip (Coxa=hip) :-

1- COXA VALGA:
increase neck shaft angle more than 110 degrees , Causes toe out gait.

2- COXA VARA:
decrease neck shaft angle less than 110, Causes toe in gait.

VALGA ___out ู„ุจุฑู‡
VARA___ in ู„ุฌูˆู‡

ูˆ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠู‡ 110 ุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑู‡ ูˆ ุชู‚ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูˆู‡

โ– Deformity of Knee (Genu=knee)

1-Knock knee OR genu valgum.

ูŠุนู†ูŠ deviation Lateral ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุจุงุตุฉ ู„ุจุฑุง

2-Bow leg OR genu varum.

ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู…ู‚ูˆุณุฉ ูˆุฏูŠ ุจุชุญุตู„ ู„ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ุดูˆุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุนุงุฏ ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ู‚ุนุฏ ู†ุณู‚ูู„ู‡ ูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุดุงุทุฑ ูŠุง ุญุจูŠุจูŠ ุดุงุทุฑ๐Ÿ˜‚.

3- Hyper extension knee OR genu recurvatum .

ูˆ ุฏูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง hyper extension ู„ู„ุฑูƒุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ fibula, tibia ูŠุญุตู„ู‡ู… posterior displacement ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ femur ูˆู…ูŠุจู‚ูˆุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชู‚ุงู…ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ.

โ– Deformity of Ankle (Equinus =
ankle)

1- Equinus deformity or plantar
flexion deformity:
โค1๐Ÿ“1
ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ Ankle ุจูŠุณู‚ุท ู„ุชุญุช ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ Contracture ููŠ ุงู„ู€ calf muscles, biceps femoral ูˆููŠ weakness ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ant tibial group.

2- Calcainus deformity or dorsi flexion deformity:

ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ Equinus.

โ–Deformity of Foot :-

1- Talipes equino varus or supinated foot :-
ุจุทู† ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุงุตุต ู„ุจุฑุง

Notice that supinated foot is a term for :-
- Club foot
- Pas cavus (High arched foot)


2- Talipes calcino valgus or pronated foot :

ุจุทู† ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุงุตุต ู„ุฌูˆุง.

Notice that pronated foot is a term for :-
- Talipes calcino valgus
- Flat foot (excessive pronation).
โค1
ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุคุซุฑุงุช ู†ุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุจู‚ุง.

โ– Causes of Pathological Gait :

โ€ข Deformity:-

A- Plantar flexion contracture:

ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏุง ุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ contracture ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Triceps Surae ูˆ ุฏุง ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู„ู€ Calf muscles.

ูู€ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ูˆุงู†ุช ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู†ูƒ ู‡ุชู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุจู…ุดุท ุฑุฌู„ูƒ ู…ุด ุจูƒุนุจูƒ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€

1- In stance :

blocks progression of the limb and COG over the supporting foot.

ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู…ูŠุฉ ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ุจุณ ู‡ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ุจุตุนูˆุจุฉ ูƒุฃู† ุญุฏ ู…ุชุดุนู„ู‚ ููŠ ุฑุฌู„ู‡.

2- In swing :

inhibits floor clearance (increased hip, knee flexion is needed).

ู…ุด ู‡ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ ุชุณูŠุจ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูˆุชุชุดุนู„ู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุง ูˆู…ูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด ูŠุณูŠุจ ุงู„ Stance ูˆูŠุฎุด ููŠ ุงู„ swing ูˆ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ clearance floor ู‡ูˆ ู…ุถุทุฑ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ activity ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ hip ูˆ ุงู„ knee flexors.

B- Knee flexion contracture (Bent knee) :

ู„ูˆ ุญุตู„ contracture ููŠ ุงู„ Hamstring ูŠู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ ุทุจุนุง weaknessููŠ ุงู„ quadriceps ูŠุนู…ู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Bent knee ุงู†ุญู†ุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูƒุจู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏู‡ ุนู† 15 ุฏุฑุฌู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ุง ููŠ ุงูŠ knee ุทุจูŠุนูŠู‡ ูˆ ุฏุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆู.

1- In stance :
Blocks progression of limb and forward progression of COG.

2- Increases the activity in quadriceps in order to stabilize the knee joint.

C- Hip flexion contracture:

ู„ูˆ ุญุตู„ contracture ู„ู„ Iliopsoas ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุง ุทุจุนุง ู…ุณุคูˆู„ู† ุนู† ุงู„ hip flexion ูˆ ุฏุง ุจูŠู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ ุถุนู ููŠ ุงู„ Extensors ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ hip.

1- To place bodyโ€™s COG over the supporting foot, the trunk must lean forward. (Trunk flexion)

2- introduces strain on the back muscles and hip extensors.

ุงู„ contracture ูˆ ุงู„ trunk flexion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุตู„ูˆุง ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏูˆุง ุงู„muscular activity ููŠ ุงู„ back muscles ูˆุฏุง ูŠุณุจุจ fixed hip flexion deformity ูˆ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ deformity ุฏูŠ ูŠุญุตู„ leaning forward ููŠ ุงู„ trunk ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู…ูŠู„ ู„ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆ ูŠู„ูŠู„ู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ strain ูˆ sprain ููŠ ุงู„ lumbosacral spine ูˆุงู„ hip extensors.. ุฑุชุจูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุฏู…ุงุบูƒู… ูƒุฏุง ูˆ ู‡ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุณู‡ู„ู‡ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡... ุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ูˆ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุจุชุฐุงูƒุฑูˆุง ุชุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒู‡ ูˆ ุชุชูˆู‚ุนูˆุง ุงู„ุจูŠุดู†ุช ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุงุฒุงูŠ.

โ€ข Impaired motor control (spasticity):-

โ€ข ุฃู…ุง patient ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ Right side hemiplegia ุฎุฏ ุจุงู„ูƒ ุงู„ุดู„ู„ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูุชู„ุงู‚ู‰ ุงูŠุฏู‡ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู…ุถู…ูˆู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุตุฏุฑู‡ ูˆูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡
flexor spasticity of the upper limb
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุจุฑ ู…ุชุดู†ุฌุฉ ูˆ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง Extensor spasticity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ Extension ููŠ ุงู„ lower ูˆ ุงู„ ankle ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ุชุดู†ุฌุฉ ุฏุง ุบูŠุฑ ุฃู† ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจูŠุฏู‚ ุฌุงู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ semicircular circumduction ูˆุงู„ู…ุดูŠุฉ ุฏูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Hemiplegic ุฃูˆ stroke gait.

A- Hip extensor Spastisty :-

Restricts progression in mid and terminal stance.

ุจุชูƒู„ุจุด ุฑุฌู„ูƒ ูˆุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุงู…ุงู…ูŠุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุจุทูŠุฆุฉ ูˆ ุฏุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ stance phase ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุณ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุชุฃุซุฑูˆุง ุงู„ MSt,TSt.

B- Sustained quadriceps action:

Inhibits pre-swing preparation for limb advancement

ูˆ ุฏุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ Quadriceps ุดุบุงู„ู‡ ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ูˆ ุจุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ patient ู…ู† ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุฑูุน ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ.

โ€ข Sensory loss :

โ€ข ู„ู…ุง ุชุชุทู„ุจ ู…ู† patient ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุญุฑูƒ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุบู…ุถ ุนูŠู†ู‡ ู…ุด ุจูŠุนุฑู ุฑุงุญุช ููŠู† ูˆ ุฏุง ู„ุงู†ู‡ ูุงู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุงุญุณุงุณ ููŠ ุงู„mechanoreceptor.. ูˆู†ุชูŠุฌู‡ ุฏุง :

1- Prevents the patient from knowing the position of the hip, knee, ankle, or foot (sense of position ) .

2- Moderate\mild sensory loss causes slow walking .

3- Complete sensory loss may obstruct walking

ุฑูƒุฒูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุจุชุงุนุช ุงู„ loss ู„ูŠู‡ ุจู‚ูŠ ุจุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ

As it causes the patient to be unable to use his available motor control because he/she cannot trust the motions that occurs (Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy).

โ€ข ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุงุญุณุงุณ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ู ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุง ู‡ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ู ูˆู„ุง ูŠู…ุดูŠ.

โ€ข Pain :-

โ€ข Major causes of musculoskeletal pain are:

A- Excessive tissue tension.
B- Joint distension related to trauma or arthritis.

โ– Pain in the limbs classified under 4 headings:

1. Joint pain
2. Soft tissue pain
3. Neurogenic pain
4. Orthopaedic causes (fractures, dislocation, tumor)
5. Muscle weakness

ุถุนู ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุนุตุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุบุฐูŠู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุถุนู ุงู„ุนุถู„ู‡ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุงูˆ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู†.
โค1