Numbers of #Physiology_2
1. Cardiovascular System
| Two | Number of halves the heart is made of (right and left), each with an atrium and a ventricle.
| Four | Number of sets of valves in the heart.
| Three | Number of cusps in the tricuspid valve and Semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary valves).
| Two | Number of cusps in the mitral or bicuspid valve.
| 1ยฐc | Increase in body temperature that can increase heart rate by 10-20 beats/min.
| 10-20 | Increase in heart rate (beats/min) for every 1 0c increase in body temperature.
| 0.1 sec | Duration of atrial systole in the cardiac cycle. | 0.3 sec | Duration of ventricular systole in the cardiac cycle. | 0.4 sec | Duration of diastole of the whole heart in the cardiac cycle.
| 0.8 second| Normal duration of the cardiac cycle when heart rate is 75 beats/min (60/75).
| 70-80 | Normal resting heart rate in beats/min.
| 100 | Heart rate above this value is considered tachycardia (beats/min).
| 60 | Heart rate below this value is considered bradycardia (beats/min).
| 70 ml/beat| Normal stroke volume (volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per beat).
| 5 liters/min| Normal cardiac output (volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute) in adult male during rest.
| 5 liters/min| Normal venous return during rest. | 25 liters/min| Venous return during exercise in non-athletes. | 35 liters/min| Venous return during exercise in athletes. | 80-90% | Normal capillary tone (number of partially or totally closed blood capillaries).
| 120 mmHg | Average systolic blood pressure. | 80 mmHg | Average diastolic blood pressure. | 40 mmHg | Average pulse pressure (difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure).
| 93 mmHg | Average mean arterial pressure throughout the cardiac cycle.
| 90 โ 140 mmHg| Normal range for systolic blood pressure. | 60- 90 mmHg| Normal range for diastolic blood pressure. | 90 -95 % | Percentage of primary (essential) hypertension cases. | 5- 10 % | Percentage of secondary hypertension cases. | 225 ml/min| Normal coronary blood flow during rest. | 1000 ml/min| Coronary blood flow during severe muscular exercise. | 40 liters| Normal value of total body water. | 25 liters| Amount of intracellular fluid (ICF). | 15 liters| Amount of extracellular fluid (ECF). | 3 liters | Amount of plasma in ECF. | 12 liters| Amount of interstitial fluid (tissue fluid) in ECF.
2. Respiratory System
| Two | Number of types of respiration (external and internal) and functional zones of the respiratory system (conducting and respiratory).
| 0.5 micron| The approximate overall thickness of the alveolo-capillary (respiratory) membrane.
| 50-100 sq meters (70m2)| Very large surface area of the respiratory membrane in a normal adult. | 20-fold| How much the surface area of the small intestine is increased by the presence of intestinal villi and microvilli.
1. Cardiovascular System
| Two | Number of halves the heart is made of (right and left), each with an atrium and a ventricle.
| Four | Number of sets of valves in the heart.
| Three | Number of cusps in the tricuspid valve and Semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary valves).
| Two | Number of cusps in the mitral or bicuspid valve.
| 1ยฐc | Increase in body temperature that can increase heart rate by 10-20 beats/min.
| 10-20 | Increase in heart rate (beats/min) for every 1 0c increase in body temperature.
| 0.1 sec | Duration of atrial systole in the cardiac cycle. | 0.3 sec | Duration of ventricular systole in the cardiac cycle. | 0.4 sec | Duration of diastole of the whole heart in the cardiac cycle.
| 0.8 second| Normal duration of the cardiac cycle when heart rate is 75 beats/min (60/75).
| 70-80 | Normal resting heart rate in beats/min.
| 100 | Heart rate above this value is considered tachycardia (beats/min).
| 60 | Heart rate below this value is considered bradycardia (beats/min).
| 70 ml/beat| Normal stroke volume (volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per beat).
| 5 liters/min| Normal cardiac output (volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute) in adult male during rest.
| 5 liters/min| Normal venous return during rest. | 25 liters/min| Venous return during exercise in non-athletes. | 35 liters/min| Venous return during exercise in athletes. | 80-90% | Normal capillary tone (number of partially or totally closed blood capillaries).
| 120 mmHg | Average systolic blood pressure. | 80 mmHg | Average diastolic blood pressure. | 40 mmHg | Average pulse pressure (difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure).
| 93 mmHg | Average mean arterial pressure throughout the cardiac cycle.
| 90 โ 140 mmHg| Normal range for systolic blood pressure. | 60- 90 mmHg| Normal range for diastolic blood pressure. | 90 -95 % | Percentage of primary (essential) hypertension cases. | 5- 10 % | Percentage of secondary hypertension cases. | 225 ml/min| Normal coronary blood flow during rest. | 1000 ml/min| Coronary blood flow during severe muscular exercise. | 40 liters| Normal value of total body water. | 25 liters| Amount of intracellular fluid (ICF). | 15 liters| Amount of extracellular fluid (ECF). | 3 liters | Amount of plasma in ECF. | 12 liters| Amount of interstitial fluid (tissue fluid) in ECF.
2. Respiratory System
| Two | Number of types of respiration (external and internal) and functional zones of the respiratory system (conducting and respiratory).
| 0.5 micron| The approximate overall thickness of the alveolo-capillary (respiratory) membrane.
| 50-100 sq meters (70m2)| Very large surface area of the respiratory membrane in a normal adult. | 20-fold| How much the surface area of the small intestine is increased by the presence of intestinal villi and microvilli.
โค3
| 100 mm Hg| Partial pressure of O2 in the alveoli. | 40 mm Hg| Partial pressure of O2 in the venous blood entering the pulmonary capillaries and partial pressure of CO2 in the alveoli.
| 46 mm Hg| Partial pressure of CO2 in the blood entering the pulmonary capillaries.
| 20 | Number of seconds after which loss of consciousness can occur in severe hypoxia (PO2 less than 20 mmHg).
| 200 | Number of times more affinity CO has for Hb than O2. | 3% | Percentage of O2 physically dissolved in plasma. | 97% | Percentage of O2 chemically combined with hemoglobin (Hb).
| 4 | Number of molecules of O2 each molecule of hemoglobin carries.
| 19.4 ml /100 ml| Total O2 content in arterial blood. | 14.4 ml / 100 ml| Total O2 content in venous blood. | 5 ml O2/min| Amount of O2 taken by tissues per minute. | 5% | Percentage of CO2 physically dissolved in plasma and percentage of CO2 in carbamino compounds.
| 90% | Percentage of CO2 transported as bicarbonate. | 4 ml | Normal value of tidal CO2 (volume of CO2 released from tissues as a result of metabolism). | 5 gm/100ml| Abnormal increase in reduced Hb in the blood above this value causes cyanosis. | 80% | Normal ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC).
| 4 seconds| Normal time for air of FVC to be completely expired.
3. Gastrointestinal System
| 3 | Number of main pairs of salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual).
| 1-1.5 liters/day| Amount of saliva produced per day. | 6.6- 7.1 | Slightly acidic pH of saliva. | posterior 1/3| Area of the tongue where mechanical stimulation can cause vomiting. | 3 liters /day| Amount of gastric juice produced per day. | first few centimetres| Area of the duodenum that is a frequent site of peptic ulcer.
| 2| Number of feedback control mechanisms that ensure complete neutralization of gastric secretion in the duodenum.
| 10 times | How much bile can be concentrated in the gall bladder. | 2 mg/dl | Increased serum bilirubin above this value causes jaundice. | 0.2 โ 0.8 mg/dl| Normal value of serum bilirubin. | Three | Physiologically, the number of parts the large intestine can be divided into (proximal colon, distal colon, and rectum/anal canal).
4. Endocrine System
| Two| Number of main coordinating and integrating systems of the body (endocrine and nervous) and divisions of the pituitary gland (anterior and posterior).
| 1 | Number of thirds of individuals with hyposecretion of GH during childhood who are sexually mature. | Two| Number of thirds of individuals with hyposecretion of GH during childhood who are sexually immature.
| four | Number of parathyroid glands. | 9-11 mg/dl| Normal value of blood calcium level. | 7 mg/dl| Plasma calcium level below which manifest tetany occurs spontaneously. | 7 mg /dl| Approximate plasma calcium level in latent tetany.
| 46 mm Hg| Partial pressure of CO2 in the blood entering the pulmonary capillaries.
| 20 | Number of seconds after which loss of consciousness can occur in severe hypoxia (PO2 less than 20 mmHg).
| 200 | Number of times more affinity CO has for Hb than O2. | 3% | Percentage of O2 physically dissolved in plasma. | 97% | Percentage of O2 chemically combined with hemoglobin (Hb).
| 4 | Number of molecules of O2 each molecule of hemoglobin carries.
| 19.4 ml /100 ml| Total O2 content in arterial blood. | 14.4 ml / 100 ml| Total O2 content in venous blood. | 5 ml O2/min| Amount of O2 taken by tissues per minute. | 5% | Percentage of CO2 physically dissolved in plasma and percentage of CO2 in carbamino compounds.
| 90% | Percentage of CO2 transported as bicarbonate. | 4 ml | Normal value of tidal CO2 (volume of CO2 released from tissues as a result of metabolism). | 5 gm/100ml| Abnormal increase in reduced Hb in the blood above this value causes cyanosis. | 80% | Normal ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC).
| 4 seconds| Normal time for air of FVC to be completely expired.
3. Gastrointestinal System
| 3 | Number of main pairs of salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual).
| 1-1.5 liters/day| Amount of saliva produced per day. | 6.6- 7.1 | Slightly acidic pH of saliva. | posterior 1/3| Area of the tongue where mechanical stimulation can cause vomiting. | 3 liters /day| Amount of gastric juice produced per day. | first few centimetres| Area of the duodenum that is a frequent site of peptic ulcer.
| 2| Number of feedback control mechanisms that ensure complete neutralization of gastric secretion in the duodenum.
| 10 times | How much bile can be concentrated in the gall bladder. | 2 mg/dl | Increased serum bilirubin above this value causes jaundice. | 0.2 โ 0.8 mg/dl| Normal value of serum bilirubin. | Three | Physiologically, the number of parts the large intestine can be divided into (proximal colon, distal colon, and rectum/anal canal).
4. Endocrine System
| Two| Number of main coordinating and integrating systems of the body (endocrine and nervous) and divisions of the pituitary gland (anterior and posterior).
| 1 | Number of thirds of individuals with hyposecretion of GH during childhood who are sexually mature. | Two| Number of thirds of individuals with hyposecretion of GH during childhood who are sexually immature.
| four | Number of parathyroid glands. | 9-11 mg/dl| Normal value of blood calcium level. | 7 mg/dl| Plasma calcium level below which manifest tetany occurs spontaneously. | 7 mg /dl| Approximate plasma calcium level in latent tetany.
๐ฅ1
| 70- 100 mg/dl| Normal fasting blood glucose level. | 1| Type of diabetes mellitus caused by deficiency of insulin secretion (insulin-dependent DM/juvenile onset DM).
| 2 | Type of diabetes mellitus caused by insulin resistance (non-insulin dependent DM/maturity onset DM).
| 3 | Type of diabetes mellitus that occurs during pregnancy (gestational DM).
#Physiology
| 2 | Type of diabetes mellitus caused by insulin resistance (non-insulin dependent DM/maturity onset DM).
| 3 | Type of diabetes mellitus that occurs during pregnancy (gestational DM).
#Physiology
โค3
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ุงุฒููู ูุง ุดุจุงุจ ุฃู ุดุงุกุงููู ุงูุฑุณุงูู ุฏู ูุชููู ู ูุฌูุฏ ูููุง ูู ุญุงุฌู ูููุง ุนูุงูู ุจุฏูุชูุฑ ุณุฑุญุงู ุณูู ุดุฑุญ ุฃู ุนู ูู ุฃู ู ููุงุช
## Lec 1 kinesiology ( P1 knee )
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## Lec 2 kinesiology ( P2 knee )
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## Lec 3 kinesiology ( ankle &โฆ
ุงุฒููู ูุง ุดุจุงุจ ุฃู ุดุงุกุงููู ุงูุฑุณุงูู ุฏู ูุชููู ู ูุฌูุฏ ูููุง ูู ุญุงุฌู ูููุง ุนูุงูู ุจุฏูุชูุฑ ุณุฑุญุงู ุณูู ุดุฑุญ ุฃู ุนู ูู ุฃู ู ููุงุช
## Lec 1 kinesiology ( P1 knee )
- Video
## Lec 2 kinesiology ( P2 knee )
- video
## Lec 3 kinesiology ( ankle &โฆ
โค3
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โค7
ูุจุฏู ุฃู ุงูุฃุฑุถ ุชุชููุฃ ูุฃู
ุฑ ุนุธูู
ูุง ูุนูู
ู ุฅูุง ุงููู
ุงุณุชููู ูุง ูุฑุญู ูู ุงููู .. ุงุณุชููู ูุง ูุฑุญู ูู ุงููู
ุงุณุชููู ูุง ูุฑุญู ูู ุงููู .. ุงุณุชููู ูุง ูุฑุญู ูู ุงููู
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Forwarded from ุฅุซูุฑูุงุก ๐ โ (Esraa Ragab)
ุงูุจูุณุช ุงูุณููู: ูุตูุญุฉ ุฏ. ุฎุงูุฏ ุฃุจู ุดุงุฏู ูุงุณุชุบูุงู ููู
ุนุฑูุฉ:
..
ูก_ูู ูููุชู ู ุจูููุฑุง ู ุง ุงุณุชุทุนุชุ ุจููุฉ ุงูุชููููู ุนูู ุทุงุนุฉ ุงููู ูุชูุงู ุจููู ู ุฃุฌุฑุง.
ูข_ ูู ูุจู ุงููุฌุฑ ููุณุญูุฑุ ูุฅู ุงููู ูู ูุงุฆูุชู ูุตููู ุนูู ุงูู ุชุณุญููุฑูู.
ูฃ_ ุตููู ูค ุฑูุนุงุช ููุงู ุนูู ุงูุฃูู ูุงุฏุน ุฑุจู ูุฃูุช ุณุงุฌุฏ ุจุฎูุฑ ุงูุฏููุง ูุงูุขุฎุฑู ู ุน ุงูุจูุงุก ูุงูุชุจุงูู.
ูค_ ุงูุถ ููุชุง ูุจู ุงููุฌุฑ ูู ุงูุงุณุชุบูุงุฑ ุญุชู ุชููุชูุจ ู ู ุงูู ุณุชุบูุฑูู ูู ุงูุฃุณุญุงุฑ.
ูฅ_ุงุณุชุนุฏ ูุตูุงุฉ ุงููุฌุฑ ูุจู ุงูุขุฐุงู ุจุฎู ุณ ุฏูุงุฆูุ ูุงุณุชุดุนุฑ ุฃู ุฐููุจู ุชุฎุฑุฌ ู ุน ุขุฎุฑ ูุทุฑุฉ ููู ุนุถู ูุฃูุช ุชุชูุถุฃ..
.ูฆ_ ูู ุฏุนุงุก ู ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงููุถูุก: ุฃุดูุฏ ุฃู ูุง ุฅูู ุฅูุง ุงูููุ ูุฃุดูุฏ ุฃู ู ุญู ุฏุง ุนุจุฏู ูุฑุณูููุ ุงูููู ุงุฌุนููู ู ู ุงูุชูุงุจููุ ูุงุฌุนููู ู ู ุงูู ุชุทูุฑูู (ุชููุชูุญ ูู ุฃุจูุงุจ ุงูุฌูุฉ ุงูุซู ุงููุฉ).
ูง_ุตููู ุงููุฌุฑ ูุงุฌูุณ ูู ู ุตูุงู ุฅูู ู ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงูุดุฑูู ุจ ูกูฅ ุฏูููุฉ.
ูจ_ุงุจุฏุฃ ุงูุชูุจูุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุงูุณูุงู ู ุจุงุดุฑุฉ.
ูฉ_ุงุฌูุณ ูู ู ูุตููุงู ุญุชู ุงูุดุฑูู ุชูุฑุฃ ุงููุฑุขู ู ุน ุชุณุจูุญ ูุชูููู ูุชุญู ูุฏุ ููุง ุชูุณู ุฃุฐูุงุฑ ุงูุตุจุงุญ .
ูกู _ุตููู ุฑูุนุชู ุจุนุฏ ุดุฑูู ุงูุดู ุณ
ูกูก_ุฃูุช ุงูุขู ู ุฎูุฑ ุฅู ุงุณุชุทุนุช ุฃูุง ุชูุงู ุงูููู ูุงู ูุง ููุง ุชุถูุน ุซุงููุฉ ูุงุญุฏุฉ ูู ุฐูุฑ ูุฏุนุงุก ููู ุนูู ูููู ุจุงูุฅุฌุงุจุฉ.
ูกูข_ุฃู ุชูุงู ุณุงุนุฉ ุฃู ุณุงุนุชูู ุชููู ุจุฐูู ุงูุชููููู ุนูู ุทุงุนุฉ ุงููู ุณุงุฆุฑ ุงูููู ..
ูกูฃ_ุซู ูู ู ู ุงูููู ูุชุชูุถุฃ ูุชุตูู ูค ุฑูุนุงุช ุถุญู ุนูู ุงูุฃููุ ูุชููุน ุจูู ุงูุทุงุนุงุช ุญุชู ูุงุชู ู: ุชูุจูุฑ_ุฐูุฑ_ุชูุงูุฉ ุงููุฑุขู..
ูกูค_ุตููู ุงูุธูุฑ ููุจููุฑ ูุณุจููุญ ูุงูุฑุฃ ุดูุฆุง ู ู ุงููุฑุขู.
ูกูฅ_ ุฃูุซุฑ ู ู ููู: ูุง ุฅูู ุฅูุง ุงููู ูุญุฏู ูุง ุดุฑูู ูู.. ูู ุงูู ูู ููู ุงูุญู ุฏ ููู ุนูู ูู ุดูุก ูุฏูุฑุ ููู ุฃูุถู ุงูุฏุนุงุก ูู ููู ุนุฑูุฉ!!
ูกูฆ_ุตููู ุงูุนุตุฑ ููุจููุฑ ูุงุจุฏุฃ ุจุฃุฐูุงุฑ ุงูู ุณุงุก .
ูกูง_ุงูุฑุฃ ุงููุฑุขู ุฅูู ูุจู ุงูู ุบุฑุจ ุจุณุงุนุฉ ุชูุฑูุจุงุ ุซู ุฃุชุจูุนู ุจุงูุฏุนุงุก ุจุฎุดูุน.
ููุง ุชูุณ ุฅุฎูุงูู ุงูู ุณุชุถุนููู ูู ูู ู ูุงูุ ูุฃูุตุงูุง ุงูุฃุณูุฑ.
ูกูจ_ุงุฏุนู ุงููู ุฃู ูุง ุชุบุฑุจ ุดู ุณ ููู ุนุฑูุฉ ุฅูุง ูุฃูุช ู ู ุนุชูุงุฆู.
ูกูฉ_ุฅูุงู ุฃู ุชุธู ุฃูู ุจุงุฌุชูุงุฏู ูู ููู ุนุฑูุฉ ุฎูุฑู ู ู ุบูุฑูุ ูุฃูุช ูุง ุชุถู ู ุงููุจูู ูููู ุชุฑุฌููุ ูุฅู ุถู ูุชู ูู ุชุถู ู ุงูุซุจุงุชุ ูุฅู ุฅุจููุณ ุนูุจูุฏู ุงูููู ุฏูุฑุง ู ุน ุงูู ูุงุฆูุฉ ุซู ุตุงุฑ ุฅูู ู ุง ุตุงุฑ ุฅูููุ ููุง ุชูุนุฌูุจ ุจุนู ููุ ูุงุณุฃู ุงููู ุงููุจูู ูุงูุซุจุงุชุ ูุฃููู ุจุงูุฅุฌุงุจุฉ.
ูขู _ ู ุน ุขุฐุงู ุงูู ุบุฑุจ: ุงุจุฏุฃ ุงูุฅูุทุงุฑ ููุง ุชูุณ ุฃู ููุตุงุฆู ุฏุนูุฉ ูุง ุชูุฑูุฏูู.
ุฏ. ุฎุงูุฏ ุฃุจู ุดุงุฏู.
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ูก_ูู ูููุชู ู ุจูููุฑุง ู ุง ุงุณุชุทุนุชุ ุจููุฉ ุงูุชููููู ุนูู ุทุงุนุฉ ุงููู ูุชูุงู ุจููู ู ุฃุฌุฑุง.
ูข_ ูู ูุจู ุงููุฌุฑ ููุณุญูุฑุ ูุฅู ุงููู ูู ูุงุฆูุชู ูุตููู ุนูู ุงูู ุชุณุญููุฑูู.
ูฃ_ ุตููู ูค ุฑูุนุงุช ููุงู ุนูู ุงูุฃูู ูุงุฏุน ุฑุจู ูุฃูุช ุณุงุฌุฏ ุจุฎูุฑ ุงูุฏููุง ูุงูุขุฎุฑู ู ุน ุงูุจูุงุก ูุงูุชุจุงูู.
ูค_ ุงูุถ ููุชุง ูุจู ุงููุฌุฑ ูู ุงูุงุณุชุบูุงุฑ ุญุชู ุชููุชูุจ ู ู ุงูู ุณุชุบูุฑูู ูู ุงูุฃุณุญุงุฑ.
ูฅ_ุงุณุชุนุฏ ูุตูุงุฉ ุงููุฌุฑ ูุจู ุงูุขุฐุงู ุจุฎู ุณ ุฏูุงุฆูุ ูุงุณุชุดุนุฑ ุฃู ุฐููุจู ุชุฎุฑุฌ ู ุน ุขุฎุฑ ูุทุฑุฉ ููู ุนุถู ูุฃูุช ุชุชูุถุฃ..
.ูฆ_ ูู ุฏุนุงุก ู ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงููุถูุก: ุฃุดูุฏ ุฃู ูุง ุฅูู ุฅูุง ุงูููุ ูุฃุดูุฏ ุฃู ู ุญู ุฏุง ุนุจุฏู ูุฑุณูููุ ุงูููู ุงุฌุนููู ู ู ุงูุชูุงุจููุ ูุงุฌุนููู ู ู ุงูู ุชุทูุฑูู (ุชููุชูุญ ูู ุฃุจูุงุจ ุงูุฌูุฉ ุงูุซู ุงููุฉ).
ูง_ุตููู ุงููุฌุฑ ูุงุฌูุณ ูู ู ุตูุงู ุฅูู ู ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงูุดุฑูู ุจ ูกูฅ ุฏูููุฉ.
ูจ_ุงุจุฏุฃ ุงูุชูุจูุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุงูุณูุงู ู ุจุงุดุฑุฉ.
ูฉ_ุงุฌูุณ ูู ู ูุตููุงู ุญุชู ุงูุดุฑูู ุชูุฑุฃ ุงููุฑุขู ู ุน ุชุณุจูุญ ูุชูููู ูุชุญู ูุฏุ ููุง ุชูุณู ุฃุฐูุงุฑ ุงูุตุจุงุญ .
ูกู _ุตููู ุฑูุนุชู ุจุนุฏ ุดุฑูู ุงูุดู ุณ
ูกูก_ุฃูุช ุงูุขู ู ุฎูุฑ ุฅู ุงุณุชุทุนุช ุฃูุง ุชูุงู ุงูููู ูุงู ูุง ููุง ุชุถูุน ุซุงููุฉ ูุงุญุฏุฉ ูู ุฐูุฑ ูุฏุนุงุก ููู ุนูู ูููู ุจุงูุฅุฌุงุจุฉ.
ูกูข_ุฃู ุชูุงู ุณุงุนุฉ ุฃู ุณุงุนุชูู ุชููู ุจุฐูู ุงูุชููููู ุนูู ุทุงุนุฉ ุงููู ุณุงุฆุฑ ุงูููู ..
ูกูฃ_ุซู ูู ู ู ุงูููู ูุชุชูุถุฃ ูุชุตูู ูค ุฑูุนุงุช ุถุญู ุนูู ุงูุฃููุ ูุชููุน ุจูู ุงูุทุงุนุงุช ุญุชู ูุงุชู ู: ุชูุจูุฑ_ุฐูุฑ_ุชูุงูุฉ ุงููุฑุขู..
ูกูค_ุตููู ุงูุธูุฑ ููุจููุฑ ูุณุจููุญ ูุงูุฑุฃ ุดูุฆุง ู ู ุงููุฑุขู.
ูกูฅ_ ุฃูุซุฑ ู ู ููู: ูุง ุฅูู ุฅูุง ุงููู ูุญุฏู ูุง ุดุฑูู ูู.. ูู ุงูู ูู ููู ุงูุญู ุฏ ููู ุนูู ูู ุดูุก ูุฏูุฑุ ููู ุฃูุถู ุงูุฏุนุงุก ูู ููู ุนุฑูุฉ!!
ูกูฆ_ุตููู ุงูุนุตุฑ ููุจููุฑ ูุงุจุฏุฃ ุจุฃุฐูุงุฑ ุงูู ุณุงุก .
ูกูง_ุงูุฑุฃ ุงููุฑุขู ุฅูู ูุจู ุงูู ุบุฑุจ ุจุณุงุนุฉ ุชูุฑูุจุงุ ุซู ุฃุชุจูุนู ุจุงูุฏุนุงุก ุจุฎุดูุน.
ููุง ุชูุณ ุฅุฎูุงูู ุงูู ุณุชุถุนููู ูู ูู ู ูุงูุ ูุฃูุตุงูุง ุงูุฃุณูุฑ.
ูกูจ_ุงุฏุนู ุงููู ุฃู ูุง ุชุบุฑุจ ุดู ุณ ููู ุนุฑูุฉ ุฅูุง ูุฃูุช ู ู ุนุชูุงุฆู.
ูกูฉ_ุฅูุงู ุฃู ุชุธู ุฃูู ุจุงุฌุชูุงุฏู ูู ููู ุนุฑูุฉ ุฎูุฑู ู ู ุบูุฑูุ ูุฃูุช ูุง ุชุถู ู ุงููุจูู ูููู ุชุฑุฌููุ ูุฅู ุถู ูุชู ูู ุชุถู ู ุงูุซุจุงุชุ ูุฅู ุฅุจููุณ ุนูุจูุฏู ุงูููู ุฏูุฑุง ู ุน ุงูู ูุงุฆูุฉ ุซู ุตุงุฑ ุฅูู ู ุง ุตุงุฑ ุฅูููุ ููุง ุชูุนุฌูุจ ุจุนู ููุ ูุงุณุฃู ุงููู ุงููุจูู ูุงูุซุจุงุชุ ูุฃููู ุจุงูุฅุฌุงุจุฉ.
ูขู _ ู ุน ุขุฐุงู ุงูู ุบุฑุจ: ุงุจุฏุฃ ุงูุฅูุทุงุฑ ููุง ุชูุณ ุฃู ููุตุงุฆู ุฏุนูุฉ ูุง ุชูุฑูุฏูู.
ุฏ. ุฎุงูุฏ ุฃุจู ุดุงุฏู.
โค16๐1
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ุง ุชูุณููุงุด ู
ู ุฏุนูุงุชูู
ุงููุงุฑุฏุฉ ูุง ุฌู
ุงุนุฉโฅ๏ธ
โค7
Forwarded from ุทุงูุจ ุฌุงู
ุนู๐ (โฝโโโ ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ฅ๐๐๐๐๐๐โ ๐ข)
100 ุฏุนุงุก ู
ู ุงููุชุงุจ ูุงูุณูุฉ ุงูุตุญูุญุฉ.pdf
5.3 MB
ูุงู ุฑุณูู ุงููู - ุตูู ุงููู ุนููู ูุณูู
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ู ุง ู ู ููู ู ุฃูุซุฑู ู ู ุฃู ูุนุชููู ุงูููู ููู ุนุจูุฏูุง ู ู ุงููููุงุฑู ู ู ููู ู ุนุฑูุฉู ุ ูุฃูู ูููุฏูู ุ ุซู ูุจุงูู ุจูู ุงูู ูุงุฆูุฉู ููููู : ู ุง ุฃุฑุงุฏ ูุคูุงุกู ุ ุงุดููุฏูุง ู ูุงุฆูุชู ุฃูู ูุฏ ุบูุฑุชู ููู .
ูุง ุชุฃุฎุฐูู ุงูุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ูุงูู ุฐุงูุฑุฉ ูุชูุณูุง ุนุฑูุฉ ูุชูุณูุง ุงูุฏุนุงุก ูุงูุฃุนู ุงู ุงูุตุงูุญุฉ
ูุฑุจู ุง ูุง ุชุนุด ูุฐุง ุงูููู ู ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู
ุฃุฎูุตูุง ูู ุงูุฏุนุงุก ูุงุนูู ุฃู ุงูุนุจุฑุฉ ููุณุช ุจุงููุซุฑุฉ ุฅูู ุง ุจุงูุฅุฎูุงุต ูุตุฏู ุงูููุฉ
ููููุง ุงููู ูุฅูุงูู ูู ุง ูุญุจ ููุฑุถู๐ค
ู ุง ู ู ููู ู ุฃูุซุฑู ู ู ุฃู ูุนุชููู ุงูููู ููู ุนุจูุฏูุง ู ู ุงููููุงุฑู ู ู ููู ู ุนุฑูุฉู ุ ูุฃูู ูููุฏูู ุ ุซู ูุจุงูู ุจูู ุงูู ูุงุฆูุฉู ููููู : ู ุง ุฃุฑุงุฏ ูุคูุงุกู ุ ุงุดููุฏูุง ู ูุงุฆูุชู ุฃูู ูุฏ ุบูุฑุชู ููู .
ูุง ุชุฃุฎุฐูู ุงูุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ูุงูู ุฐุงูุฑุฉ ูุชูุณูุง ุนุฑูุฉ ูุชูุณูุง ุงูุฏุนุงุก ูุงูุฃุนู ุงู ุงูุตุงูุญุฉ
ูุฑุจู ุง ูุง ุชุนุด ูุฐุง ุงูููู ู ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู
ุฃุฎูุตูุง ูู ุงูุฏุนุงุก ูุงุนูู ุฃู ุงูุนุจุฑุฉ ููุณุช ุจุงููุซุฑุฉ ุฅูู ุง ุจุงูุฅุฎูุงุต ูุตุฏู ุงูููุฉ
ููููุง ุงููู ูุฅูุงูู ูู ุง ูุญุจ ููุฑุถู๐ค
โค8
ูุง ุชูุณู ุทูุจุฉ ุงูุซุงูููู ุงูุนุงู
ู ู
ู ุฏุนุงุฆูู
๐ฅบ
ุงูููู ููู ุนูููู ูููููู ูุงุฌุจุฑ ุจูููุจูู ุฌุจุฑุง ูุชุนุฌุจ ูู ุงูู ุงูุงุฑุถ ูุงูุณู ุงุก
ุงูููู ุงูุชุญ ุนูููู ูุชูุญ ุงูุนุงุฑููู ูุนูู ูู ู ุง ุฌููู ูุฐูุฑูู ู ุง ูุณู
ุงูููู ุงุฒู ุนู ูููุจูู ุงูุชูุชุฑ ูุงูููู ูุจุฏููู ุณูููู ูุทู ุฃูููู ูุซูุฉ ุจู ูุง ุฃููู
ุงูููู ุงุฌุนู ุชุนุจูู ูุฌูุฏูู ูู ู ูุฒุงู ุญุณูุงุชูู ุ ููุฑู ุฃุนูููู ูุฃุนูู ุฃูููู ุจู ุง ููุณุฑููู ูููุฑุถูู ุนููู .
ุงูููู ููู ุนูููู ูููููู ูุงุฌุจุฑ ุจูููุจูู ุฌุจุฑุง ูุชุนุฌุจ ูู ุงูู ุงูุงุฑุถ ูุงูุณู ุงุก
ุงูููู ุงูุชุญ ุนูููู ูุชูุญ ุงูุนุงุฑููู ูุนูู ูู ู ุง ุฌููู ูุฐูุฑูู ู ุง ูุณู
ุงูููู ุงุฒู ุนู ูููุจูู ุงูุชูุชุฑ ูุงูููู ูุจุฏููู ุณูููู ูุทู ุฃูููู ูุซูุฉ ุจู ูุง ุฃููู
ุงูููู ุงุฌุนู ุชุนุจูู ูุฌูุฏูู ูู ู ูุฒุงู ุญุณูุงุชูู ุ ููุฑู ุฃุนูููู ูุฃุนูู ุฃูููู ุจู ุง ููุณุฑููู ูููุฑุถูู ุนููู .
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ุฎูุฑ ุงูุฏุนุงุก ุฏุนุงุก ููู ุนุฑูุฉ
ูุฎูุฑ ู ุง ููุช ุฃูุง ูุงููุจููู ู ู ูุจูู:
( ููุง ุฅููููู ุฅููููุง ุงููููููุ ููุฎูุฏููู ููุง ุดูุฑูููู ูููู ูููู ุงููู ููููู ูููููู ุงููุญูู ูุฏูุ ูููููู ุนูููู ููููู ุดูููุกู ููุฏููุฑูยป