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| 100 mm Hg| Partial pressure of O2 in the alveoli. | 40 mm Hg| Partial pressure of O2 in the venous blood entering the pulmonary capillaries and partial pressure of CO2 in the alveoli.
| 46 mm Hg| Partial pressure of CO2 in the blood entering the pulmonary capillaries.
| 20 | Number of seconds after which loss of consciousness can occur in severe hypoxia (PO2 less than 20 mmHg).
| 200 | Number of times more affinity CO has for Hb than O2. | 3% | Percentage of O2 physically dissolved in plasma. | 97% | Percentage of O2 chemically combined with hemoglobin (Hb).
| 4 | Number of molecules of O2 each molecule of hemoglobin carries.
| 19.4 ml /100 ml| Total O2 content in arterial blood. | 14.4 ml / 100 ml| Total O2 content in venous blood. | 5 ml O2/min| Amount of O2 taken by tissues per minute. | 5% | Percentage of CO2 physically dissolved in plasma and percentage of CO2 in carbamino compounds.
| 90% | Percentage of CO2 transported as bicarbonate. | 4 ml | Normal value of tidal CO2 (volume of CO2 released from tissues as a result of metabolism). | 5 gm/100ml| Abnormal increase in reduced Hb in the blood above this value causes cyanosis. | 80% | Normal ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC).
| 4 seconds| Normal time for air of FVC to be completely expired.
3. Gastrointestinal System
| 3 | Number of main pairs of salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual).
| 1-1.5 liters/day| Amount of saliva produced per day. | 6.6- 7.1 | Slightly acidic pH of saliva. | posterior 1/3| Area of the tongue where mechanical stimulation can cause vomiting. | 3 liters /day| Amount of gastric juice produced per day. | first few centimetres| Area of the duodenum that is a frequent site of peptic ulcer.
| 2| Number of feedback control mechanisms that ensure complete neutralization of gastric secretion in the duodenum.
| 10 times | How much bile can be concentrated in the gall bladder. | 2 mg/dl | Increased serum bilirubin above this value causes jaundice. | 0.2 โ€“ 0.8 mg/dl| Normal value of serum bilirubin. | Three | Physiologically, the number of parts the large intestine can be divided into (proximal colon, distal colon, and rectum/anal canal).

4. Endocrine System
| Two| Number of main coordinating and integrating systems of the body (endocrine and nervous) and divisions of the pituitary gland (anterior and posterior).
| 1 | Number of thirds of individuals with hyposecretion of GH during childhood who are sexually mature. | Two| Number of thirds of individuals with hyposecretion of GH during childhood who are sexually immature.
| four | Number of parathyroid glands. | 9-11 mg/dl| Normal value of blood calcium level. | 7 mg/dl| Plasma calcium level below which manifest tetany occurs spontaneously. | 7 mg /dl| Approximate plasma calcium level in latent tetany.
๐Ÿ”ฅ1
| 70- 100 mg/dl| Normal fasting blood glucose level. | 1| Type of diabetes mellitus caused by deficiency of insulin secretion (insulin-dependent DM/juvenile onset DM).
| 2 | Type of diabetes mellitus caused by insulin resistance (non-insulin dependent DM/maturity onset DM).
| 3 | Type of diabetes mellitus that occurs during pregnancy (gestational DM).

#Physiology
โค3
- ุดุฑุญ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุณุฑุญุงู† ู„ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูƒูŠู†ุณูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ
=https://t.me/PT_Abakera/6726

- ุดุฑุญ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุณุฑุญุงู† ู„ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุซูŠุฑุงุจูŠูˆุชูŠูƒ
=https://t.me/PT_Abakera/6632
โค3
‏ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุชุชู‡ูŠุฃ ู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุนุธูŠู… ู„ุง ูŠุนู„ู…ู‡ ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡
ุงุณุชู‚ูŠู…ูˆุง ูŠุฑุญู…ูƒู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ .. ุงุณุชู‚ูŠู…ูˆุง ูŠุฑุญู…ูƒู… ุงู„ู„ู‡
โค22
ุงู„ุจูˆุณุช ุงู„ุณู†ูˆูŠ: ู†ุตูŠุญุฉ ุฏ. ุฎุงู„ุฏ ุฃุจูˆ ุดุงุฏูŠ ู„ุงุณุชุบู„ุงู„ ูŠูˆู… ุนุฑูุฉ:
..
ูก_ู†ู… ู„ูŠู„ุชูƒ ู…ุจูƒู‘ูุฑุง ู…ุง ุงุณุชุทุนุชุ› ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู‚ูŽูˆู‘ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุทุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู„ุชู†ุงู„ ุจู†ูˆู…ูƒ ุฃุฌุฑุง.

ูข_ ู‚ู… ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ูุฌุฑ ู„ู„ุณุญูˆุฑุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆู…ู„ุงุฆูƒุชู‡ ูŠุตู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุชุณุญู‘ูุฑูŠู†.

ูฃ_ ุตู„ู‘ู ูค ุฑูƒุนุงุช ู‚ูŠุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ูˆุงุฏุน ุฑุจูƒ ูˆุฃู†ุช ุณุงุฌุฏ ุจุฎูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุขุฎุฑู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ุจูƒุงุก ูˆุงู„ุชุจุงูƒูŠ.

ูค_ ุงู‚ุถ ูˆู‚ุชุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ูุฌุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชุบูุงุฑ ุญุชู‰ ุชููƒุชู“ุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุบูุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุญุงุฑ.

ูฅ_ุงุณุชุนุฏ ู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ุงู„ูุฌุฑ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุขุฐุงู† ุจุฎู…ุณ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ุŒ ูˆุงุณุชุดุนุฑ ุฃู† ุฐู†ูˆุจูƒ ุชุฎุฑุฌ ู…ุน ุขุฎุฑ ู‚ุทุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ุนุถูˆ ูˆุฃู†ุช ุชุชูˆุถุฃ..

.ูฆ_ ู‚ู„ ุฏุนุงุก ู…ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆุถูˆุก: ุฃุดู‡ุฏ ุฃู† ู„ุง ุฅู„ู‡ ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃุดู‡ุฏ ุฃู† ู…ุญู…ุฏุง ุนุจุฏู‡ ูˆุฑุณูˆู„ู‡ุŒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุงุฌุนู„ู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูˆุงุจูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงุฌุนู„ู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชุทู‡ุฑูŠู† (ุชููุชู“ุญ ู„ู‡ ุฃุจูˆุงุจ ุงู„ุฌู†ุฉ ุงู„ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ).

ูง_ุตู„ู‘ู ุงู„ูุฌุฑ ูˆุงุฌู„ุณ ููŠ ู…ุตู„ุงูƒ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุดุฑูˆู‚ ุจ ูกูฅ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ.

ูจ_ุงุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุชูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ.

ูฉ_ุงุฌู„ุณ ููŠ ู…ูุตู„ู‘ุงูƒ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุดุฑูˆู‚ ุชู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ู…ุน ุชุณุจูŠุญ ูˆุชู‡ู„ูŠู„ ูˆุชุญู…ูŠุฏุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุชู†ุณู“ ุฃุฐูƒุงุฑ ุงู„ุตุจุงุญ .

ูกู _ุตู„ู‘ู ุฑูƒุนุชูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุดุฑูˆู‚ ุงู„ุดู…ุณ

ูกูก_ุฃู†ุช ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุฎูŠุฑ ุฅู† ุงุณุชุทุนุช ุฃู„ุง ุชู†ุงู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูƒุงู…ู„ุง ูู„ุง ุชุถูŠุน ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฐูƒุฑ ูˆุฏุนุงุก ูˆูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ูŠู‚ูŠู† ุจุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ.

ูกูข_ุฃูˆ ุชู†ุงู… ุณุงุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุณุงุนุชูŠู† ุชู†ูˆูŠ ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชู‚ูŽูˆู‘ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุทุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุณุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…..

ูกูฃ_ุซู… ู‚ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ู„ุชุชูˆุถุฃ ูˆุชุตู„ูŠ ูค ุฑูƒุนุงุช ุถุญู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ุŒ ูˆุชู†ูˆุน ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุทุงุนุงุช ุญุชู‰ ู„ุงุชู…ู„: ุชูƒุจูŠุฑ_ุฐูƒุฑ_ุชู„ุงูˆุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู†..

ูกูค_ุตู„ู‘ู ุงู„ุธู‡ุฑ ูˆูƒุจู‘ูุฑ ูˆุณุจู‘ูุญ ูˆุงู‚ุฑุฃ ุดูŠุฆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู†.

ูกูฅ_ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู‚ูˆู„: ู„ุง ุฅู„ู‡ ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุญุฏู‡ ู„ุง ุดุฑูŠูƒ ู„ู‡.. ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ูˆู„ู‡ ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู‚ุฏูŠุฑุŒ ูู‡ูˆ ุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ุฏุนุงุก ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ุนุฑูุฉ!!

ูกูฆ_ุตู„ู‘ู ุงู„ุนุตุฑ ูˆูƒุจู‘ูุฑ ูˆุงุจุฏุฃ ุจุฃุฐูƒุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุก .

ูกูง_ุงู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ ุจุณุงุนุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงุŒ ุซู… ุฃุชุจูุนู‡ ุจุงู„ุฏุนุงุก ุจุฎุดูˆุน.
ูˆู„ุง ุชู†ุณ ุฅุฎูˆุงู†ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุถุนููŠู† ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ูˆุฃู‚ุตุงู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุณูŠุฑ.

ูกูจ_ุงุฏุนู ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃู† ู„ุง ุชุบุฑุจ ุดู…ุณ ูŠูˆู… ุนุฑูุฉ ุฅู„ุง ูˆุฃู†ุช ู…ู† ุนุชู‚ุงุฆู‡.

ูกูฉ_ุฅูŠุงูƒ ุฃู† ุชุธู† ุฃู†ูƒ ุจุงุฌุชู‡ุงุฏูƒ ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ุนุฑูุฉ ุฎูŠุฑูŒ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑูƒุŒ ูุฃู†ุช ู„ุง ุชุถู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุจูˆู„ ู„ูƒู†ูƒ ุชุฑุฌูˆู‡ุŒ ูˆุฅู† ุถู…ู†ุชู‡ ู„ู… ุชุถู…ู† ุงู„ุซุจุงุชุŒ ูุฅู† ุฅุจู„ูŠุณ ุนูŽุจูŽุฏูŽ ุงู„ู„ู‡ูŽ ุฏู‡ุฑุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฆูƒุฉ ุซู… ุตุงุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ูู„ุง ุชูุนุฌูŽุจ ุจุนู…ู„ูƒุŒ ูˆุงุณุฃู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุจูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ุซุจุงุชุŒ ูˆุฃูŠู‚ู† ุจุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ.

ูขู _ ู…ุน ุขุฐุงู† ุงู„ู…ุบุฑุจ: ุงุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฅูุทุงุฑ ูˆู„ุง ุชู†ุณ ุฃู† ู„ู„ุตุงุฆู… ุฏุนูˆุฉ ู„ุง ุชูุฑูŽุฏู‘ู.

ุฏ. ุฎุงู„ุฏ ุฃุจูˆ ุดุงุฏูŠ.
โค16๐Ÿ“1
ู…ุง ุชู†ุณูˆู†ุงุด ู…ู† ุฏุนูˆุงุชูƒู… ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุฏุฉ ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉโ™ฅ๏ธ
โค7
Forwarded from ุทุงู„ุจ ุฌุงู…ุนูŠ๐ŸŽ“ (โฝโ™”โ‚Žโ”‹ ๐Œ๐‘๐–๐€๐ ๐„๐ฅ๐’๐‡๐€๐‡๐„๐ƒโ”‹ ๐–ขƒ)
100 ุฏุนุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ูˆุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ.pdf
5.3 MB
ู‚ุงู„ ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ - ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… -
ู…ุง ู…ู† ูŠูˆู…ู ุฃูƒุซุฑู ู…ู† ุฃู† ูŠุนุชูู‚ูŽ ุงู„ู„ู‡ู ููŠู‡ ุนุจูŠุฏู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‘ูŽุงุฑู ู…ู† ูŠูˆู…ู ุนุฑูุฉูŽ ุŒ ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŽูŠุฏู†ูˆ ุŒ ุซู… ูŠุจุงู‡ูŠ ุจู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฆูƒุฉูŽ ููŠู‚ูˆู„ : ู…ุง ุฃุฑุงุฏ ู‡ุคู„ุงุกู ุŸ ุงุดู‡ูŽุฏูˆุง ู…ู„ุงุฆูƒุชูŠ ุฃู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุบูุฑุชู ู„ู‡ู….

ู„ุง ุชุฃุฎุฐูƒู… ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฐุงูƒุฑุฉ ูˆุชู†ุณูˆุง ุนุฑูุฉ ูˆุชู†ุณูˆุง ุงู„ุฏุนุงุก ูˆุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญุฉ
ูุฑุจู…ุง ู„ุง ุชุนุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰

ุฃุฎู„ุตูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุนุงุก ูˆุงุนู„ู… ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุจุฑุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ุจุงู„ูƒุซุฑุฉ ุฅู†ู…ุง ุจุงู„ุฅุฎู„ุงุต ูˆุตุฏู‚ ุงู„ู†ูŠุฉ
ูˆูู‚ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุฅูŠุงูƒู… ู„ู…ุง ูŠุญุจ ูˆูŠุฑุถู‰๐Ÿค
โค8
ู„ุง ุชู†ุณูˆ ุทู„ุจุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนุงู…ู‡ ู…ู† ุฏุนุงุฆูƒู…๐Ÿฅบ
ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ู‡ูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ูˆูˆูู‚ู‡ู… ูˆุงุฌุจุฑ ุจู‚ู„ูˆุจู‡ู… ุฌุจุฑุง ูŠุชุนุฌุจ ู„ู‡ ุงู‡ู„ ุงู„ุงุฑุถ ูˆุงู„ุณู…ุงุก
ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุงูุชุญ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ูุชูˆุญ ุงู„ุนุงุฑููŠู† ูˆุนู„ู…ู‡ู… ู…ุง ุฌู‡ู„ูˆ ูˆุฐูƒุฑู‡ู… ู…ุง ู†ุณูˆ
ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุงุฒู„ ุนู† ู‚ู„ูˆุจู‡ู… ุงู„ุชูˆุชุฑ ูˆุงู„ู‚ู„ู‚ ูˆุจุฏู„ู‡ู… ุณูƒูŠู†ู‡ ูˆุทู…ุฃู†ูŠู†ู‡ ูˆุซู‚ุฉ ุจูƒ ูŠุง ุฃู„ู„ู‡
ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุงุฌุนู„ ุชุนุจู‡ู… ูˆุฌู‡ุฏู‡ู… ููŠ ู…ูŠุฒุงู† ุญุณู†ุงุชู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆู‚ุฑู‘ ุฃุนูŠู†ู‡ู… ูˆุฃุนูŠู† ุฃู‡ู„ู‡ู… ุจู…ุง ูŠูุณุฑู‘ู‡ู… ูˆูŠูุฑุถูŠูƒ ุนู†ู‡ู….
โค8
ุงุฏุนูŠู‡.pdf
6.5 MB
ุงูƒุซุฑูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุนุงุก
ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุฑุณูˆู„๏ทบ
ุฎูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฏุนุงุก ุฏุนุงุก ูŠูˆู… ุนุฑูุฉ
ูˆุฎูŠุฑ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ุฃู†ุง ูˆุงู„ู†ุจูŠูˆู† ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ูŠ:
( ู„ูŽุง ุฅูู„ูŽู‡ูŽ ุฅูู„ู‘ูŽุง ุงู„ู„ู‘ูŽู‡ูุŒ ูˆูŽุฎูุฏูŽู‡ู ู„ูŽุง ุดูŽุฑููŠูƒูŽ ู„ูŽู‡ู’ ู„ูŽู‡ู ุงู„ู’ู…ูู„ู’ูƒู ูˆูŽู„ูŽู‡ู ุงู„ู’ุญูŽู…ู’ุฏูุŒ ูˆูŽู‡ููˆูŽ ุนูŽู„ูŽู‰ ูƒูู„ู‘ู ุดูŽูŠู’ุกู ู‚ูŽุฏููŠุฑูŒยป
ุทุงุจุช ุฃุนูŠุงุฏูƒู… ุจุฑูู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุชุญุจูˆู†โ™ฅ๏ธ
ูƒู„ ุนุงู… ูˆุฃู†ุชู… ุจุฎูŠุฑ โ™ฅ๏ธโœจ
โค11๐Ÿ“1
ูˆุฃู†ุช ูˆุงู‚ู ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌุฒุงุฑ ู…ุง ุชู†ุณุงุด ุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ูŠูˆุฑูŠู„ูƒ ุงู„brain ุนู„ุดุงู† ุชุดูˆู ุงู„sulci ,gyri ูƒูˆูŠุณ ...

ูˆุงุจู‚ู‰ ุฎู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุทู„ุนู„ูƒ ุงู„liver ุนู„ุดุงู† ุชุดูˆุญู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบุฏุง ...

ูˆู…ุงุชู†ุณุงุด ุงู„ intestine ุจุณ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุชุงูƒู„ู‡ุง ูƒุฑุณุจูŠ ุนู„ุดุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฌูˆุณูŠ ู…ุด ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญู„ูˆ

ูˆุงู†ุช ูˆุจุชู‚ุทุน ุงู„ู„ุญู…ุฉ ุงูุชูƒุฑ ุฅู† ุฏูŠ skeletal muscles ูƒุงู†ุช ุดุบุงู„ุฉ ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ flexion, extension

ุนุฑู‚ ุงู„ูู„ุชูˆ= psoas major ุŒ ูˆุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฑูŠู„

ูˆูƒู„ ุณู†ุฉ ูˆุงู†ุชูˆ ุทูŠุจูŠู†๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ’—
๐Ÿ˜16โค4โคโ€๐Ÿ”ฅ2๐Ÿคฃ1
#mtest_upper
ุฏู‡ ู…ู„ุฎุต ู„ู„ุชูŠุณุช 1 ูˆ ุฏูŠ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูŠุง ุดุจุงุจ ๐Ÿฉท