Answers
———

a) A valid informed consent should fulfill the following criteria:
- The patient should be fully informed about:
1. The diagnosis
2. The nature of the treatment
3. The possible alternatives of the intervention
4. The risks and benefits of each alternative
5. Prognosis of intervention
- The patient should be competent to make the decision
- The patient's decision should be voluntary.

b) Exceptions are:
1. When the patient:
- Is unable to give consent (unconscious)
- Is suffering from acute life-threatening crisis
- Is in need for immediate intervention.
2. if the patient isn't competent to make a decision as in children or patient's cognitive
capacity is impaired.
3. Cases in which fully informing the patient can cause serious harm.

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6- A newly married couple worried about the possibility of getting child with inherited
medical condition, especially with the family history loaded with this condition from the wife
side. The wife visited you alone and she asked you to deny this fact in front of her husband

to save her marriage.
a- What are the ethical dilemmas encountered in this situation? (5 marks)
b- How would you manage this condition? (5 marks)

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7_" A drive in school came to a clinic and suffered of epilepsy and wanted the doctor to give him a report that he's medically free and doctor accepted"
A) What are ethical problems related to this case and how to solve it
yourself?
B) What are responsibilities of the physician towards society and humanity

Answers
———

Ethical Problems:

1. Falsification of Medical Records:
• Providing a false report that the patient is medically free from epilepsy is unethical and illegal. It compromises the integrity of the medical profession and can have serious consequences for the patient and others.
2. avoid harm to others:
• Allowing an individual with uncontrolled epilepsy to drive poses a significant risk to public safety. Seizures while driving can lead to accidents, potentially causing harm or death to the driver, passengers, and others on the road.
3. Patient’s Best Interest:
• Issuing a false report does not serve the patient’s best interest. It may prevent the patient from receiving necessary medical treatment and guidance to manage their condition effectively.

To solve those issues

Honest Communication:
- The doctor should explain to the patient the importance of an accurate medical report and the potential risks associated with driving if their epilepsy is not well-controlled.

2. Proper Assessment:
- Conduct a thorough medical evaluation to determine the patient's current condition and whether they are fit to drive. This includes considering the frequency and severity of seizures, medication adherence, and any recent changes in their health status.

3. Referral to a Specialist:
- If necessary, refer the patient to a neurologist or an epilepsy specialist for further evaluation and management.

4. Legal and Ethical Adherence:
- Follow the legal and ethical guidelines set by medical boards and regulatory bodies regarding reporting and fitness to drive for individuals with epilepsy.

B- Responsibilities towards society and humanity
1- Have an obligation of preserving human life
2- Recognize & deal with unethical behavior of colleagues & health care team. 3- Certify only that which he has verified
4- Provide health care based on wise_& appropriate allocations of limited medical resources (avoid prescribing unnecessary medication, investigation, procedure)
5- Obligation of public reporting of significant, medical hazards (epidemic infection)
6- Oblitogtheahetalthiofosonciety. Participate in all efforts to provide, improve & maintain health care quality for society as a whole.

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8- Name examples of malpractice

Answer
———

Dereliction or negligence (deviation from standard care)
Duty: established physician-patient relation-ship that causes: Damage, injury
- Directly to the patient (by negligence, not another factor)

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📌 تم تحديث مصادر ميد ماب (نزل فيديوهين جداد).

📌 Cancelled Topics of PSY

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(P 69: 74 في ملزمة د عفت)
will be MCQ

Sleep (P 53), personality (مش موجودة في ملزمة د عفت)

أبشروا!

II- Communication

1-A 45-year-old female suffering from severe colic, came to the outpatient clinic
surrounded by 5 of her family members. They were upset and worried about her and were
shouting loudly in the clinic. The attending doctor asked most of the family members to get
out of the room, leaving only one person to stay with the patient. This provoked the family
members' anger especially when the physician was using some English medical words, which
they could not understand.

a. What is your point of view concerning the physician's decision? (2 marks)
b. What are the factors that lead to a successful medical interview? (4marks)
c. How to improve your way of giving information during medical interview? (4 marks)

Answers
———
a) I think the physician decision of letting only one family member be with the patient is
right to maintain discipline in the clinic. But his communication with them was poor
as he used English words while speaking which may affected their understanding of
the situation or they might feel that the doctor was arrogant.

b)
1. Patient related factors:
- Patient's belief of health and illness
- Problem wished to discuss
- Previous experience with medical care
- Current experience with medical care
- Expectations of the doctor will do
- How the patient perceives the role of the doctor
2. Doctor related factors:
- Personality
- Physical factors
- Psychological factors
- Problem wanted to be discussed with patient
- Communication skills
- Self-confidence in the ability to communicate

c)
1. Discuss& clarify every given information.
2. Begin the interview by summarizing the patient's condition.
3. Assess the patient's understanding of the condition.
4. Outline plan of the rest of the interview.
5. Discuss& explain every part of information in appropriate language
6. Mention the most important first

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