The following manifestations are present in Batter's syndrome EXCEPT:
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6%
hypokalemia
11%
hypercalciuria
77%
metabolic acidosis.
5%
hyponatremia
Metabolic acidosis occurs in:
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68%
Addison's disease
10%
prolonged sever vomiting
14%
Cushing syndrome.
8%
Conn's disease
Regarding glucose reabsorption the following is true, EXCEPT:-
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8%
occur 100% in proximal tubules
84%
all nephrons have the same amount of carrier
5%
can be blocked by Oubain
3%
depends on a common carrier with sodium.
Regarding the abdominal aorta, one of the following statements is correct:
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80%
a- It ends at the level of the lower border of the body of L4
3%
b- The renal arteries arise at the level of L3
3%
c- It begins at level of T10
14%
d- The 3rd and 4th right lumbar veins pass behind the aorta
Calculating Filtration Load of a glucose if plasma glucose concentration is 100 mg% and GFR is 125 ml/min.
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13%
100 ml/min
33%
12500 ml/min.
53%
125 ml/min
2%
50 ml/min.
16- The abdominal aorta passes through the diaphragm at which vertebral level?
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3%
a-T8
10%
b-T10
87%
C-T12
0%
d-L1
Use the values given to answer the question that follows: Glomerular hydrostatic P =50 mmHg Bowman's capsule hydrostatic P =10 mmHg Glomerular capillary oncotic P =32 mmHg The value of the net filtration pressure is:
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77%
8 mmHg
12%
28 mmHg
12%
10 mmHg
0%
18 mmHg
The epiploic foramen is bounded anteriorly by the:
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84%
a- Free border of the lesser omentum
0%
b- Peritoneum over the inferior vena cava
13%
c- Peritoneum on the caudate lobe of the liver
4%
d- Free border of the greater omentum
Colloidal Osmotic Pressure of Bowman's capsule:
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3%
Opposes filtration.
2%
= 60 mmHg
90%
=zero as no protein in Bowman's capsule
5%
Is the main driving force of filtration.
Which nerve is identified by its position on the anterior surface of the psoas major muscle?
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5%
a- Femoral
8%
b- Ilioinguinal
83%
c- Genitofemoral
3%
d- Obturator
The net filtration forces or the filtration pressure =
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2%
5 mmHg
91%
10 mmHg
5%
15 mmHg
3%
20 mmHg
Regarding the motor innervation to the diaphragm, choose one correct answer:
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2%
a- Vagus nerve
0%
b- Thoracic splanchnic nerve
2%
c- 3rd, 4th and 5th thoracic nerves
97%
d- Phrenic nerve
Regarding the nerves in the abdomen, one of the following statements is correct:
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85%
a- The femoral nerve emerges from the lateral border of the psoas major rnuscle
8%
b- The sympathetic chains enter the abdomen passing deep to the lateral arcuate ligaments
2%
c- The obturator nerve emerges from the lateral border of the psoas major muscle
4%
d- The root value of the genitofemoral nerve is L2 & 3
Regarding the suprarenal glands, one of the following statements is correct:
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76%
a- They are retroperitoneal organs
7%
b- They are not surrounded by renal fascia
11%
c- Each one is supplied by three suprarenal veins
6%
d- The right suprarenal vein drains into the right renal vein
One of the following veins does not belong to the portal system:
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79%
a- Left suprarenal vein
5%
b- Superior mesenteric vein
11%
c- Superior rectal vein
5%
d- Splenic vein
abdominal Aorta
start ▶️T12
single branches
-front
Celiac trunk ▶️upper border L1
superior mesentric ▶️lower border L1
inferior mesentric ▶️L3
-back
median sacral ▶️lower border L4
Paired branches
inf. phrenic ▶️at begining
middle suprarenal ▶️L1
Renal ▶️upper border of L2
Gonadal ▶️L2 just below renal
Lumbar ▶️4 pairs from aorta, 5th from median sacral
common illiac ▶️lower border L4
start ▶️
single branches
-front
Celiac trunk ▶️
superior mesentric ▶️
inferior mesentric ▶️
-back
median sacral ▶️
Paired branches
inf. phrenic ▶️
middle suprarenal ▶️
Renal ▶️
Gonadal ▶️
Lumbar ▶️
common illiac ▶️
Lack of appropriate lipid absorption leads to condition known as?
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3%
Metabolic syndrome
3%
Obesity
9%
Fatty liver
85%
Steatorrhea
The main ducts of the major salivary glands are lined with:
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13%
Simple squamous epith.
3%
Simple cubical epith.
78%
Stratified columnar epith.
6%
Pseudo-stratified columnar epith.