Bladder stones have been associated with the following, except:
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0%
squamous carcinoma of the urothelium
33%
non-absorbable sutures in the bladder
0%
obstructive large prostate hypertrophy
0%
urgency and frequency
67%
hypospadias
A fit young woman of 28 years with acute loin pain. She's vitally stable. emergency IVU shows a right moderate hydronephrosis with obstruction of the right ureter caused by an 8-mm stone impacted in the right lower ureter. The imme-diate treatment will be
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midstream urine sample, antibiotics and observe for 48 hours before any further intervention
50%
immediate percutaneous nephrostomy
50%
cystoscopy and the passage of a ureteric catheter to relieve the obstruction
0%
ureteroscopy with endoscopic removal of stone
0%
analgesia and a forced diuresis
Spina bifida includes all of the following EXCEPT
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Meningocele
0%
Meningomyelocele
0%
Tethered cord
0%
Oxycephaly
Unequal pupils is a sign of
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100%
Fracture base of skull
0%
Uncal herniation
0%
Intracerebral hemorrhage
0%
Concussion stage in extradural hematoma
Management of a comatosed patient with head injury begins with
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The cardiovascular system
0%
Pupillary reflexes
100%
Establishment of an airway
0%
Computed tomography (CT) of the brain
The most appropriate treatment of large (more than 2cm) brain abscess is
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Systemic antibiotic administration
0%
Injection of antibiotics into the abscess
100%
Aspiration and drainage of the abscess plus systemic antibiotic administration
0%
Marsupialization of the abscess
Regarding pleural effusion all of the following are true EXCEPT:
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can be tapped to make a diagnosis
100%
can be detected radiographically when 100ml of fluid is present
0%
is most commonly caused by congestive cardiac failure
0%
will not produce mediastinal shift even if severe
Cardiac contusions caused by blunt chest trauma:
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Are fairly easy to diagnose
100%
Occur in up to 60% to 80% of patients with major blunt thoracic trauma
0%
Do not usually cause right ventricular dysfunction
0%
Demonstrate arrhythmia as the most common complication
Which of the following steps is not part of the primary survey in a trauma patient?
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Insuring adequate ventilatory support
0%
Measurement of blood pressure and pulse
0%
Neurologic evaluation with the Glasgow Coma Scale
0%
Examination of the cervical spine
Immediate life-threatening injuries that preclade air exchange which can be treated in the field include all of the following except?
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Tension pneumothorax
0%
Massive open chest wounds
0%
Sucking chest wounds
100%
Tracheal disruption
Where are the arterial baroreceptors located?
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Carotid sinus and aortic arch
0%
Carotid sinus only
0%
Superior vena cava
0%
None of the above
Inhalation anesthesia induces:
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Airway dilatation.
0%
Airway constriction.
0%
Decrease sputum production.
0%
None of the above
Preload is defined as:
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End diastolic pressure.
0%
End systolic pressure.
0%
End diastolic volume.
0%
End systolic volume
Local anaesthetics exert their effect on:
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Potassium channel.
0%
Sodium channel,
0%
Calcium channel.
0%
Magnesium channel.
a 70 kg, 60-year-old man who is 2 days following an emergency laparotomy for adhesion-related small bowel obstruction . He is infused with Hartmann's solution (Ringer's lactate). Which one of following regarding this type of fluid therapy is appropriate?
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It contains more sodium than normal 0.9% saline solution
0%
It does not contain bicarbonate
0%
Three Liters contains sufficient K+ ions for this patient
0%
It has a composition that is closer to plasma than dextrose saline
0%
None of the above
The ideal time to give IV prophylactic antibiotics for, colon surgery is:
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Four hours before surgery.
0%
One hour before surgery.
0%
At skin incision.
0%
At colon excision.
0%
Immediately after surgery.