Peptide hormones diffuse into cells and have intracellular receptors

Steroid hormones act on cell membrane receptors to stimulate protein synthesis

After binding to their receptors, gonadal hormones can activate transcription of genes

Thyroid hormones bind nuclear receptors coupled to G-proteins

V1 receptors activation to induce the production of prostaglandin E2

Decreased potassium excretion in urine

Insertion of aquaporin-2 channels into the distal renal tubules

V2 receptors stimulation in pituitary corticotropes during stress.

Deficient secretion produces Laron dwarfism

Activates JAK2 Janus family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases

Secretion is stimulated by increased blood free fatty acids.

Has prolonged action while somatomedin C has short action

Are secreted from the liver to stimulate growth hormone secretion.

Are insulin like growth factors secreted by the hypothalamus.

Attach strongly to carrier proteins in the blood and released slowly to tissues

Decrease the synthesis of collagen and chondroitin sulphate

Stimulates milk formation by the breast

Release is initiated by action potentials generated in magnocellular neurons

Secretion is regulated by releasing hormone secreted by the hypothalamus

Maintains milk storage in breast alveoli by its storing protein neurophysin I

Is due to Fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 gene autosomal dominant mutation

Produces excessive linear growth of bones

Patient has prominent super ciliary ridges and protruded lower jaw

Patient may have complete blindness of the eye on the same side of the acidophil adenoma

is liberated from thyroglobulin by the action of peroxidase enzyme

Increases the body needs for vitamins

Acts on nuclear receptors only which produce its genomic and non- genomic actions

Has more affinity to receptors than T3

Since birth produces cretinism which is mentally normal but sexually retarded

Produces Increased metabolic rate

In an adult produces shortened reflex reaction time

Produces coarse skin with non-pitting edema

Growth hormone

Insulin

Parathormone hormone

Thyroid hormones

Anterior pituitary gland

Posterior pituitary gland

Suprarenal gland

Hypothalamus

Overgrowth of soft tissues

Hyperglycemia

Overgrowth of skull bones

Linear overgrowth of long bones

Prolactin

Cortisol

Anti-diuretic hormone

Growth hormone

Blood glucose

Protein synthesis

Glucose utilization by cells

Lipolysis

Decrease metabolic activity in all body tissues

Decrease lipolysis (breakdown of lipids)

is very important for brain development in early childhood

Have no effect on skeletal growth

Hyperthyroidism during early childhood

Acute thyroiditis.

Hypothyroidism during early childhood

Hypothyroidism after puberty.

is the only biologically active form of thyroid hormones.

is all protein bound in the circulation

is formed from T4 in target cells

binds only to plasma membrane receptors

T3 is more abundant than T4

they decrease the BMR

they decrease the GIT motility

T3 is more active than T4

Has less affinity to receptors than T4

Is liberated from thyroglobulin by the action of proteinase enzyme

Binds to plasma membrane receptors

Stimulates the secretion of TSH by anterior pituitary

bound to globulin

bound to albumin

bound to prealbumin

unbound

activation of thyroid follicular cells

conversion of T4 to T3

Increasing thyroglobulin synthesis

Increasing release of T3, T4

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Somatomedins

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)