The esophagogram during a barium swallow shows a dilated esophagus with an area of distal stenosis. These findings are consistent with which of the following diagnoses?
Anonymous Quiz
5%
Diffuse esophageal spasm
9%
GERD
81%
Achalasia
5%
peptic ulcer
🔥1
In infants, defecation often follows a meal, the cause of colonic contraction in this situation is
Anonymous Quiz
8%
Increased circulating levels of CCK
78%
The gastrocolic reflex
3%
Increased circulating levels of somatostatin
11%
The enterogastric reflex
0%
Histamine
Which of the following is true about the secretion from the exocrine pancreas?
Anonymous Quiz
1%
It has a higher Cl- concentration than does plasma
1%
It is stimulated by the presence of HCO3- in the duodenum
9%
Pancreatic HCO3-secretion is increased by gastrin
88%
Pancreatic enzyme secretion is increased by cholecystokinin (CCK)
Regarding the abdominal regions, one of the following statements is true, except:
Anonymous Quiz
19%
a- The subcostal plane is at the level L1.
28%
b- The lateral vertical planes not pass through the midclavicular point.
40%
c- The laterai vertical planes pass through the midinguinal point.
12%
d- The hypochondrium lies just above the symphysis pubis.
The "porta hepatis" transmits one of the following:
Anonymous Quiz
3%
a- Cystic artery
12%
b- C.B.D.
78%
C- Portal vein
7%
d- Hepatic veins
The common bile duct and major pancreatic duct join to form the:
Anonymous Quiz
5%
a- Hepatic duct
24%
b- Common hepatic duct
9%
c- Cystic duct
62%
d- Ampulla of vater
20- One of the following forms a connection between liver and stomach:
Anonymous Quiz
2%
a- Gastrosplenic ligament
6%
b- Left triangular ligament of the liver
5%
C- Greater omentum
87%
d-Lesser omentum
When removing the spleen, a surgeon must be careful not to cut one of the following arteries as it passes in the gastrosplenic ligament:
Anonymous Quiz
2%
a- Superior mesenteric
21%
b- Left gastric
62%
c- Left gastroepiploic
16%
d- Superior pancreaticoduodenal
Concerning the taste buds
Anonymous Quiz
7%
The taste cells are peripheral
12%
Myelinated nerve fibres carry taste sensations
76%
Have taste pores
5%
Basal cells are sensory cells
The neuroepithelial taste cells are
Anonymous Quiz
8%
Located at the periphery of taste buds
12%
b. Having pale-core vesicles.
78%
Surrounded by non-myelinated nerve fibres
2%
d. Their vesicles contain digestive enzymes
One of the following is true concerning the Meissner's plexus
Anonymous Quiz
2%
It is a sympathetic plexus
19%
Present in the mucosa
3%
It supplies the musculoskeletal
76%
Present in the submucosa
👍1
During the presence of bile in gallbladder, the following occurs:
Anonymous Quiz
3%
Water content of bile is increased
13%
PH of bile is increased
7%
Volume of bile is increased
14%
The cholesterol in bile is decreased
64%
Na concentration of bile is decreased
Which of the following is true about pancreatic secretions?
Anonymous Quiz
9%
CCK causes release of bicarbonate
4%
secretin causes release of enzymes
5%
gastrin stimulates release of enzymes
83%
CCK stimulates release of enzymes while secretin stimulates release of bicarbonate
🥰1
Bile is produced by the liver continuously. (Which of the following is true?)
Anonymous Quiz
14%
Bile functions to catalyze digestive processes in a manner like enzymes
81%
Bile salts emulsify large droplets of triglycerides
4%
Bile salts reduce the surface area of droplets of triglycerides
1%
95% of bile salts are lost in the feces
Regarding the duodenum, one of the following statements is correct:
Anonymous Quiz
9%
a- The right ureter lies deep to the 1st part
21%
b- The 1st part lies deep to the caudate lobe of the liver
7%
c- The 3rd part lies at the level of L2
63%
d- It is supplied by both coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric artery
Regarding the vascular supply of the stomach, one of the following statements is correct:
Anonymous Quiz
80%
a- The left gastric artery is a branch of the coeliac trunk
12%
b- The left gastric vein drains into the splenic vein
6%
c- The short gastric arteries are branches of the S.M.A.
2%
d- The right gastric vein drains into the S.M.V.
Regarding the stomach, one of the following statements is correct:
Anonymous Quiz
76%
a- The left gastroepiploic artery reaches the stomach via the gastrosplenic ligament
4%
b- The common bile duct passes through the free margin of the greater omentum
10%
c- The cardiac orifice lies at the level of Lt. 9th costal cartilage one inch to Lt. of the midline
10%
d- The cardiac orifice is guarded by an anatomical sphincter
The subcostal plane passes through one of the following structures:
Anonymous Quiz
52%
a- The 3rd part of duodenum
10%
b- The fundus of the gall bladder
26%
c- The fundus of the stomach
12%
d- The hila of the kidneys