67. The erbB2 is mutated in breast cancer by which of the following mechanisms?
Anonymous Quiz
50%
a) Point mutation
19%
b) Chromosomal translocation
27%
c) Gene amplification
4%
d) Telomerase activation
66. Mutations of RAS gene is common in:
Anonymous Quiz
74%
a) Thyroid cancer
9%
b) Breast cancer
0%
c) Lung cancer
17%
d) Neuroblastoma
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5) A cholecystectomy specimen is examined fresh in the laboratory. It shows a large impacted gallstone in the neck. Fundus of the gallbladder shows engorgement of blood vessels on external surface. This is most likely due to:
Anonymous Quiz
10%
a) A malignant process
5%
b) Hyperemia
75%
c) Congestion due to obstruction to outflow of blood
10%
d) Chronic inflammation
41. By definition, granulomas are composed of:
Anonymous Quiz
0%
a) Cholesterol clefts
0%
b) Collagen
25%
c) Endothelial cells and fibroblasts
71%
d) Epithelioid cells
4%
e) Hemosiderin-laden macrophages
17. Chronic inflammation is characterized by all of the below except:
Anonymous Quiz
12%
a) Tissue destruction
69%
b) Marked edema
4%
c) Fibrosis
15%
d) Increased tissue concentration of lymphocytes
63. Active movement of PMN's along a concentration gradient is known as what?
Anonymous Quiz
8%
a) Passive diffusion
83%
b) Chemotaxis
8%
c) Facilitated diffusion
0%
d) Chemotactic diffusion
23) Partial or complete obstruction of some part of the cardiovascular system by a foreign body transported by the blood stream is termed as:
Anonymous Quiz
3%
a) Coagulation
20%
b) Ischaemia
20%
c) Thrombosis
57%
d) Embolism
6) The role of thrombin includes:
Anonymous Quiz
7%
a) Stimulates platelet aggregation
24%
b) Catalyze conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
0%
c) Mitogenic for fibroblasts
0%
d) Stimulates neutrophil & macrophage adhesion
69%
e) All of the above
True or false?PNLs encounter and recongnize a bacterium as foreign by the pseudopods extending from them.
The process by which the cytoplasm of the PNLs surrounds the bacteria and encloses it into an invagination of the cell membrane isknown as
The process by which the cytoplasm of the PNLs surrounds the bacteria and encloses it into an invagination of the cell membrane isknown as
Anonymous Quiz
7%
a) Phagolysosome
0%
b) Phagolysis
4%
c) Phagolum
89%
d) Phagocytosis
0%
e) Phagophobia
10. Which of the following is incorrect regarding leukoplakia:
Anonymous Quiz
18%
a) A precancerous lesion
15%
b) Develops in oral cavity, tongue or vulva due to chronic irritation
12%
c) Grows appears as irregular thick whitish patches
56%
d)Macroscopically appears as thickened dysplastic epithelium with subepithelial chronic inflammation
9. Myositis ossificans is an example of
Anonymous Quiz
2%
a) squamous metaplasia
2%
b) columnar metaplasia
91%
c) mesenchymal metaplasia
4%
d) dysplasia
Regarding acute inflammation:
Anonymous Quiz
0%
a) A hallmark is reduced vascular permeability
2%
b) Vasodilation is a late manifestation
8%
c) Extravasation involves movement of leukocytes from interstitial tissue to the vessel lumen
90%
d) Chemotaxis is migration of leukocytes along a chemical gradient
0%
e) Selectins have a minor role
8) Which of the following regarding arterial thrombi is TRUE?
Anonymous Quiz
25%
a) It typically creates a long cast of vessel lumen with a propagational long tail.
20%
b) The tail of thrombi often breaks off & embolizes to distal sites
44%
c) Most common sites are cerebral, coronary & femoral arteries
11%
d) Mural thrombi is most commonly found in the femoral artery
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