نعم ✅

لا ❌

it is inversely proportional to the diameter of the penetrating molecules.

to albumin is more than expected by because albumin carries negative charge

to cationic molecules is greater than the permeability to neutral ones having the same diameter

is affected by charge lining the capillary endothelium.

hyperproteinemia

dilation of afferent arteriole

dilation of efferent arteriole

stone in the ureter

constitute about 40% of nephrons in human kidney.

its proximal and distal convoluted tubules are present in medulla

its blood flow is about 20% of the total blood flow in human kidney..

have vasa recta that acts as a countercurrent exchange system.

glucose clearance is normally 125ml/min

can be used to measure the filtration fraction using inulin only.

it is early index of renal disease.

can not be used to measure the total renal plasma flow.

a- Fundus of the stomach

b- The coeliac trunk

c- Hilum of the spleen

d- 11th rib

a- Pain of appendicitis is usually referred to the region of the umbilicus

b- The left colic flexure lies in front of the right kidney

c- The left part of the transverse colon is retroperitoneal

d- The appendix usually lies in the subcecal position

a- It lies in the right hypochondrium opposite the 9th, 10th and 11th ribs

b- Its visceral surface is related to the diaphragm

c- It is supplied by the celiac trunk

d- Its visceral surface is related to the head of the pancreas

a- The tail passes through the gastrosplenic ligament

b- The superior mesenteric vessels lie anterior to the uncinate process of head

c- The left renal vein lies anterior to the body

d- The pyloroduodenal junction lies behind the neck

a- The splenic artery lies deep to body of the pancreas

b- The superior mesenteric vein lies on the left side of the superior mesenteric artery

c- The arterial arcades are simple in the mesentery of the ileum

d- The inferior mesenteric artery supplies the left 1/3 of the transverse colon

a. The muscularis externa.

B. The submucosa.

c. The muscularis mucosa.

d. The mucosa.

a. Occupy 1/2 the thickness of mucosa.

b. Parallel to the surface.

c. Simple branched tubular glands.

d. Abundant C.T. in-between.

a. Musculosa is formed of three layers.

b. Fundic glands are in submucosa.

c. Adventitia is loose C.T.

d. Thick fundic sphincter.

a. Oxyphil cells.

b. Chief cells.

c. Goblet cells.

d. Paneth cells.

a. Mainly located in the upper 1/2 of the fundic glands.

b. Deeply basophilic.

c. Secrete mucus.

d. Basal granules.

a. Secrete rennin.

b. Have basal rounded nuclei.

c. Apical intracellular canaliculi.

d. Apical granules.

a. Deeply acidophilic.

b. Characterized by intracellular canaliculi.

c. Secrete rennin & pepsinogen.

d. Have well developed SER.

a. Mainly found in the base of fundic glands.

b. Numerous sER.

c. Infra-nuclear Golgi apparatus.

d. Secrete Hcl.

a. Goblet cells.

b. Paneth cells.

c. Oxyphil cells.

d. Peptic cells.