📌 تم تحديث مصادر ميد ماب (نزل فيديوهين جداد).

📌 Cancelled Topics of PSY

Social psychology (From page 153 till end of book)
(P 69: 74 في ملزمة د عفت)
will be MCQ

Sleep (P 53), personality (مش موجودة في ملزمة د عفت)

أبشروا!

II- Communication

1-A 45-year-old female suffering from severe colic, came to the outpatient clinic
surrounded by 5 of her family members. They were upset and worried about her and were
shouting loudly in the clinic. The attending doctor asked most of the family members to get
out of the room, leaving only one person to stay with the patient. This provoked the family
members' anger especially when the physician was using some English medical words, which
they could not understand.

a. What is your point of view concerning the physician's decision? (2 marks)
b. What are the factors that lead to a successful medical interview? (4marks)
c. How to improve your way of giving information during medical interview? (4 marks)

Answers
———
a) I think the physician decision of letting only one family member be with the patient is
right to maintain discipline in the clinic. But his communication with them was poor
as he used English words while speaking which may affected their understanding of
the situation or they might feel that the doctor was arrogant.

b)
1. Patient related factors:
- Patient's belief of health and illness
- Problem wished to discuss
- Previous experience with medical care
- Current experience with medical care
- Expectations of the doctor will do
- How the patient perceives the role of the doctor
2. Doctor related factors:
- Personality
- Physical factors
- Psychological factors
- Problem wanted to be discussed with patient
- Communication skills
- Self-confidence in the ability to communicate

c)
1. Discuss& clarify every given information.
2. Begin the interview by summarizing the patient's condition.
3. Assess the patient's understanding of the condition.
4. Outline plan of the rest of the interview.
5. Discuss& explain every part of information in appropriate language
6. Mention the most important first

———————————

2- A 35- year- old single lady came to the clinic with continuous vaginal bleeding for
one month. She was terrified from having cancer uterus as she was not yet married. She went
to the gynecologist who suggested a hysterectomy as soon as possible. When she started to
negotiate for other alternatives of management, the doctor replied that he is the specialist
and he is choosing the best for her and otherwise she might lose her life.

a) Based on medical psychology principles; what type of doctor- patient relationship is adopted by
this gynecologist? (2marks)
b) What is your opinion concerning this type of doctor patient relationship? Is there any kind you
prefer in communicating with the patient? (4marks)
c) How would you deliver bad news to the patient? (4marks)

Answers
———

a) This gynecologist adapted the active-passive relationship, in which the patient's role
is completely passive. In this model the doctor wants to lead all the treatment process
without taking into consideration the patient's rights to choose her treatment plan and
to decide what's best for her.

b) I think this model isn't appropriate in this situation as the patient is able to make her
own decision and she has the right to participate in choosing the treatment plan that's
best fits her life style. I also think that doctors shouldn't ignore the patient's opinion
and willingness.
The best doctor-patient relation ship is the rapport model, in which patient and doctor
are cooperative to approach the best for the patient. This model is based on
acceptance, care, empathy, understanding the patient's feelings and problems within a
professional context.

c) Bad news is a relative concept that depends on the patient's interpretation of the
information given and their reaction to it, therefore what's considered bad news for
someone might not be bad news for others. It depends on the patient's personality,
situation and emotions. That's why doctors should consider the individual patient's
needs and circumstances. Doctor needs to be open, honest and provide reassurance
and emotional support to his patients.

———————————

3- A 56- years old man has been hospitalized to prepare him for a kidney
transplantation surgery.

a- What are the psychological responses of this patient to the hospitalization, and why is it
considered a stressful medical condition? (5 marks)
b- What is your role to reduce such responses? (5 marks)

Answers
———

a) Hospitalized patients go through both social and psychological changes as follows:
1. Social changes:
- Patient is removed from his normal routine life
- patient can't do his daily activities.
- Patient losses much of his privacy
2. Psychological changes:
- Invasion of patient's privacy.
- He losses independency and individualism
- He losses interest in social contact.
In response to these changes patient becomes under stress and manifest the following
reactions:
- Fear and irritability
- Unhappiness & loss of interest in the outside world
- Increased need for social reassurance from family relatives and professional
personnel.


b) My role is to protect the patient from going through these manifestations by good
communication with him, understanding his feelings and worries and trying to
reassure him. I should provide him with information about his procedure so he won't
be worried, make him comfortable by noticing what irritates him and remove it and
encourage his family members and health care staff to provide him with social and
emotional support.

———————————

Name the 3 types of memory with their definitions and functions?

Answer
———

1-
Sensory memory:
- Holds large amounts of information (large capacity),
- very briefly,
- long enough to connect one impression to the next to be processed further. -Maintained by sensory registers temporary storage bins.

2-
Short Term: (STM): Def
1. Short-term memory: The maintenance component of working memory, which
holds rehearsed information for a limited time.
2. Working memory; allows us to mentally work with, or manipulate information
being held in short-term memory
Functions
Storage of information for only few seconds.
b. Computations, important in thinking & problem solving.
c. Integrates short-term perceptions & memories while other cognitive processes
are taking place; combine & contrast new memories with stored past-experience d. It serves as a way station to long term memory.

3-

C) Long Term Memory (LTM):
Permanently retained information, even for life- unlimited capacity

———————————

How to decrease these stress?

Answer
———
(A) Acute Stress Conditions

1. Symptomatic drug treatment:
anxiolytic, antidepressant, antipsychotic
2. Psychotherapy, crisis intervention, cognitive behavioral therapy "CBT" enables the individual to:
a. be aware of their own problem & its cause
b. evaluate the exact significance of stresso
teach him how to develop & maintain the use of stress-management skills,
correct maladaptive pattern of thinking le. do proper management of time & problem-
solving skills.

(B) Chronic Stress


Try to change the individual's behavior & personality style by:
1. Relaxation training, eg, progressive muscle relaxation.
2. Religious meditation, praying ....
3. Biofeedback, trial to put the involuntary physiological (ANS)
responses under voluntary control (device which gives an alarm when
+++ABP so that the person relaxes).
4. Physical exercise, yoga, music, art, dance & social activities.

———————————

What are theories and causes of human aggression?