All the following concern endotoxins EXCEPT
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14%
They are located in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria
14%
They produce fever
7%
They cause hypotension
64%
They are encoded. by genes on the chromosome, plasmids or or prophage
Endotoxins are encoded by genes on the
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67%
Chromosomes
11%
Plasmids
0%
Transposons
0%
Prophages
22%
Any of the above
Viruses differ from bacteria in the following EXCEPT:
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0%
They are very small in size
63%
They contain two types of nucleic acid
25%
They are obligatory intracellular parasites
0%
They need ultra-centrifugation for their sedimentation
13%
They can be seen by the electron microscope
Viruses differ from bacteria in all the following EXCEPT:
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0%
They contain one type of nucleic acid
0%
They can pass through bacterial filters
92%
They divide by binary fission
8%
They are not susceptible to antibiotics
0%
They cannot be grown on artificial media
Viruses differ from bacteria in all the following EXCEPT
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13%
They have no cell structure
13%
They cannot be seen by light microscope
0%
They are not susceptible to antibiotics
50%
They can be grown on artificial media
25%
They contain either DNA or RNA
All the following concerning the viral envelope are correct EXCEPT:
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33%
It is formed of lipid or lipoprotein
8%
It is derived partly from the host cell membrane
50%
Enveloped viruses enter the host cell by endocytosis
8%
It may have glycoprotein spikes
Regarding the viral envelope all the following are correct EXCEPT:
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38%
It is the organ of attachment
0%
It has glycoprotein spikes in some viruses
0%
It helps the virus to enter the host cell by fusion
63%
It is totally derived from the host cell membranes
0%
It contains lipids or lipoproteins
Viral capsid has the following functions EXCEPT:
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0%
It protects the nucleic acid
0%
b-It meditates attachment to host cells
63%
It is composed of lipopolysaccharide
13%
It is the antigenic part of the virus
25%
It is responsible for the viral morphology
All of the following is true concerning viral capsid EXCEPT:
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29%
It is formed of capsomeres
0%
It is protein in nature
14%
It is responsible for viral symmetry
57%
It is the infectious part of the virus
0%
It protects the nucleic acid
In viral replication, the step which directly follows penetration is:
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63%
Eclipse
0%
Assembly
38%
Uncoating
0%
Synthesis of viral components
The eclipse period of viral multiplication is defined as the period of time between:
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45%
the un-coating and assembly of the virus
18%
the start of the infection and the first appearance of extracellular virus
36%
the start of the infection and the first appearance of intracellular virus
0%
the start of the infection and shedding of the virus
Regarding replication of DNA viruses, all the following statements are correct EXCEPT:
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44%
They use the host's DNA dependent RNA polymerase
22%
The mRNA is transcribed from the ve sense strand
11%
Some viruses may remain latest within the host cell for variable periods
22%
The positive sense strand may act as mRNA
Regarding replication of the RNA viruses, all the following statements are correct EXCEPT:
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70%
The host's polymerase can work from viral RNA
20%
The positive sense strand can act directly as MRNA
0%
Negative sense strand must first transcribed into positive sense strand
10%
Retroviruses use reverse transcriptase to produce complementary DNA
Systemic viral infections are characterized by the following EXCEPT:
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11%
Long incubation period
22%
Long duration of immunity
11%
IgM and IgG play an important role
56%
The site of infection is close to the portal of entry
Fungi differ from bacteria in all the following EXCEPT:
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0%
They are larger in size
0%
They have ergosterol in their cytoplasmic membrane
40%
They may be autotrophic or heterotrophic
10%
There is no obligate anaerobic fungi
50%
They have chitin in their cell wall