24- THE PLASMA FILTRATION OCCURS AT:
Anonymous Quiz
2%
A-DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES
97%
B-GLOMERULUS
0%
C- COLLECTING TUBULES
2%
D-LOOPS OF HENLE
25. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DEFINES RENAL TUBULAR SECRETION?
Anonymous Quiz
12%
A- TRANSFER OF WATER AND SOLUTES FROM THE TUBULAR LUMEN INTO BLOOD
5%
B-TRANSFER OF PLASMA FROM GLOMERULAR CAPILLARIES INTO BOWMAN'S CAPSULE
77%
C-TRANSFER OF SOLUTES FROM THE BLOOD INTO THE TUBULAR LUMEN
7%
D-EXCRETION OF WASTE PRODUCTS IN URINE
26. RENAL NEPHRONS DEALS WITH WATER BY ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT:
Anonymous Quiz
11%
WATER FILTRATION
5%
WATER REABSORPTION
13%
WATER EXCRETION
71%
WATER SECRETION
27. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PLASMA SUBSTANCES IS NOT FILTERED THROUGH THE GLOMERULAR MEMBRANE?
Anonymous Quiz
93%
A-PLASMA PROTEINS
5%
B-GLUCOSE
2%
C-SODIUM IONS
0%
D- WATER
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28. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD CAUSE AN INCREASE IN GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (GFR)?
Anonymous Quiz
8%
A- HYPERPROTEINEMIA
87%
B-DILATION OF AFFERENT ARTERIOLE.
5%
C-DILATION OF EFFERENT ARTERIOLE
0%
D- OBSTRUCTION OF THE URETER BY STONE.
29. THE NORMAL COLLOIDAL OSMOTIC PRESSURE OF BOWMAN'S CAPSULE EQUALS:
Anonymous Quiz
0%
A-60 MMHG
86%
B-ZERO MMHG
11%
C-32 MMHG
3%
D-18 MMHG
30. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING NEPHRON SEGMENTS IS IMPERMEABLE TO WATER REABSORPTION
Anonymous Quiz
7%
A-DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES
75%
B-THICK ASCENDING LIMB OF LOOP OF HENLE
16%
C-THIN DESCENDING LIMB OF LOOP OF HENLE
2%
D-PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE
31. ALL OF THE FOLLOWING HORMONES INCREASE NA REABSORPTION EXCEPT:
Anonymous Quiz
81%
A-ENDOTHELIN
11%
B-ESTROGEN
3%
C-ALDOSTERONE
5%
D-ANGIOTENSIN II
33. GLUCOSE STARTS TO APPEAR IN URINE WHEN RENAL THRESHOLD FOR GLUCOSE IN VENOUS BLO IS ABOVE
Anonymous Quiz
0%
A-70 MG/DL
8%
B-300 MG/DL
90%
C-180 MG/DL
2%
D-400 MG/DL
34. GLUCOSE IS TRANSPORTED THROUGH THE BASOLATERAL BORDER OF PROXIMAL TUBULAR CELLS
Anonymous Quiz
87%
A-FACILITATED DIFFUSION.
8%
B- COUNTER TRANSPORT
5%
C-PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
0%
D- OSMOSIS
35. IN PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES, ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE TRUE EXCEPT:
Anonymous Quiz
10%
A- 100% OF GLUCOSE AND AMINO ACIDS ARE REABSORBED.
3%
B-67% OF NA IONS ARE REABSORBED
8%
C-WATER WILL BE REABSORBED THROUGH AQUAPORIN-1 WATER CHANNELS.
78%
D. THE OSMOLARITY OF THE FLUID LEAVING IT IS HYPER OSMOTIC IN RELATION TO THE PLASMA.
37. THE MOST IMPORTANT MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR CREATING HIGH OSMOLARITY OF MEDULLARY INTERSTITIUM IS:
Anonymous Quiz
9%
A. VASA RECTA THAT ACTS AS A COUNTERCURRENT EXCHANGE SYSTEM.
84%
B. LOOP OF HENLE THAT ACTS AS A COUNTERCURRENT MULTIPLIER SYSTEM.
5%
C. PASSIVE DIFFUSION OF LARGE AMOUNT OF UREA INTO THE MEDULLARY INTERSTITIUM.
2%
D. SLUGGISH MEDULLARY BLOOD FLOW
38. A HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL WHO IS ON HIGH K DIET EXHIBITS INCREASED K' EXCRETION DUE TO:
Anonymous Quiz
60%
A-INCREASED SECRETION OF K' BY THE DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES
22%
B-DECREASED REABSORPTION OF K BY PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES
7%
C-DECREASED AIDOSTERONE SECRETION
11%
D-INCREASED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE
40. METABOLIC ACIDOSIS OCCURS IN ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT:
Anonymous Quiz
21%
A- ADDISON'S DISEASE
10%
B-PROLONGED SEVERE DIARRHEA
3%
C-RENAL FAILURE
66%
D-CONN'S DISEASE.
41. AS REGARDS SOMATIC INNERVATION OF URINARY BLADDER:
Anonymous Quiz
4%
A-SUPPLIES THE INTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER.
4%
B- ORIGINATES FROM L2 SEGMENT OF SPINAL CORD.
89%
C-CONTROLS THE EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER.
4%
D-CAUSES CONTRACTION OF DETRUSOR MUSCLE OF THE BLADDER WALL.
42. THE MICTURITION REFLEX IS TOTALLY ABOLISHED IN ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT:
Anonymous Quiz
13%
A-TABES DORSALIS.
8%
B- DESTRUCTION OF THE AFFERENT NERVES OF URINARY BLADDER.
9%
C- DESTRUCTION OF THE EFFERENT NERVES OF URINARY BLADDER.
70%
D-RECOVERY STAGE OF SPINAL SHOCK
44. The lower free border of falciform ligament contains:
Anonymous Quiz
15%
a- Coronary ligament
64%
b- Paraumbilical veins
17%
c- Ligamentum venosum
3%
d- Short gastric vessels
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