Anterior pituitary gland

Posterior pituitary gland

Suprarenal gland

Hypothalamus

Overgrowth of soft tissues

Hyperglycemia

Overgrowth of skull bones

Linear overgrowth of long bones

Prolactin

Cortisol

Anti-diuretic hormone

Growth hormone

Blood glucose

Protein synthesis

Glucose utilization by cells

Lipolysis

Decrease metabolic activity in all body tissues

Decrease lipolysis (breakdown of lipids)

is very important for brain development in early childhood

Have no effect on skeletal growth

Hyperthyroidism during early childhood

Acute thyroiditis.

Hypothyroidism during early childhood

Hypothyroidism after puberty.

is the only biologically active form of thyroid hormones.

is all protein bound in the circulation

is formed from T4 in target cells

binds only to plasma membrane receptors

T3 is more abundant than T4

they decrease the BMR

they decrease the GIT motility

T3 is more active than T4

Has less affinity to receptors than T4

Is liberated from thyroglobulin by the action of proteinase enzyme

Binds to plasma membrane receptors

Stimulates the secretion of TSH by anterior pituitary

bound to globulin

bound to albumin

bound to prealbumin

unbound

activation of thyroid follicular cells

conversion of T4 to T3

Increasing thyroglobulin synthesis

Increasing release of T3, T4

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Somatomedins

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Dopamine

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Develop acromegaly

Be of a short stature with abnormal body proportions

Excrete a large amount of diluted urine

Have normal sexual and mental development

Releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus

Direct neural stimulation of the hypothalamus

cAMP from the hypothalamus

The posterior pituitary

Follicle stimulating hormone

Luteinizing hormone

Prolactin

Vasopressin

Oxytocin stimulates milk synthesis by the breast.

They are formed by the hypothalamus.

Deficiency of Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) results in decreased production of urine.

Secretion of Oxytocin and ADH is regulated by releasing hormones.

Due to decrease of growth hormone secretion

Characterized by an increase in basal metabolic rate

Characterized by mental retardation

Normal mentally and sexually.

Hypoglycemia

Overgrowth of long bones

Increased growth of soft tissue

Mental retardation

Short stature and normal mentality

Mental retardation

Hypogonadism only

Short stature and hypogonadism.