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academic2.ru full Lentis/The Text Effect Technologies such as text messaging increase convenience and efficiency, but carry with them unintended risks. History[edit | edit source]In 1984 Global System for Mobile Communications invented the text message [1]…

In contrast, other studies have shown a positive effect on reading comprehension and varied sentence structure with number of text messages sent per month. Only 47% of teachers in a University of Alabama study reported seeing textese appear in their students' writing in school. [15] Similiary, texting has been shown to have no effect on capitalization and punctuation in formal writing, including the multiple punctuation common in texting (e.g., what??!!!).[16]

As text messaging is a rather new technology, more studies are needed to show conclusive effects of texting on language development.

Texting is an integral part of everyday life, but it has health risks not always considered including insomnia, anxiety, depression, and carpal tunnel. Insomnia[edit | edit source]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Untreated_Carpal_Tunnel_Syndrome.JPG/220px-Untreated_Carpal_Tunnel_Syndrome.JPG Untreated Carpal Tunnel Insomnia is a risk of text messaging. A study done in November 2010 found the adolescents aged 8 to 22 years are being woken up at least once per night because of a text message or phone call, and they are sending or receiving an average of 33.5 text messages per night.[17] Another study found that college students are losing an average of 45 minutes per week of precious sleep due to cellphone usage in the middle of the night. [18] The both lack of sleep and the interruption of necessary REM sleep cycles can lead to drowsiness, lack of productivity, and even physical effects such as lowered blood sugar, memory impairment, and weakened immune system. [19] Anxiety and Depression[edit | edit source]Another health risk is emotional encompassing both anxiety and depression caused by cell phone usage. A study done in South Korea found there to be a direct correlation between cell phone usage and how a person is feeling. The more a person uses their cell phone, the more depressed that person feels and the lower self-esteem that person possesses. [20] Sherry Turkle, a psychoanalyst in human-interaction focusing on technology usage, said, “Being alone feels like a problem that needs to be solved…constant connection is changing the way people think about themselves.” In a recent TED talk she discusses how the constant need to be connected is actually causing more loneliness and depression among people. She said that without the ability to disconnect and have true alone time, that this loneliness and depression will only continue and become worse. [21] Carpal Tunnel Syndrome[edit | edit source]The most frightening health risk is the rise of carpal tunnel syndrome. Carpal tunnel is caused by small repetitive movements much like texting.[22] The former president of the American Society of Hand Therapist (ASHT) Donna Breger Stanton has said, “Handheld electronics may require prolonged grips, repetitive motion on small buttons and awkward wrist movements. This combination can lead to an increased susceptibility to hand, wrist and arm ailments such as carpal tunnel syndrome and tendonitis.”[23] Virgin Mobile released a statement in February of 2006 warning users of the risks of repetitive texting causing carpal tunnel or other hand or wrist pains. The website, www.practisesafetext.com, was even released by Virgin Mobile to raise awareness. [24] https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Cell_phone_use_while_driving.jpg/220px-Cell_phone_use_while_driving.jpg Texting while driving Secondary Health Effects[edit | edit source]There are also secondary health effects including injuring oneself due to walking while texting and driving while texting. [25]

Unfortunately, because of the recent increase in texting, there is little conclusive research done so far regarding the health effects.

A study[26] showed that about 80% of its participants considered their mobile devices private, some even comparing the reading of another persons text messages as[...]

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