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14/05/21 07:43 from Instapaper: enacademic
» Perspectives in Digital Culture/Web as Public and Private Space
14/05/21 07:58 from Publication digest
Web as being a Public and Private space is a typical assumption that
refers to the functions and characteristics of the World Wide Web. The
term 'Web' refers to a series of interconnected documents (web pages) that
enable users of one computer to access information stored on another
through the Internet.^[1]A public web space, in its simplest form, is any
website or webpage on the internet that is made accessible to anyone with
a web browser or internet access. A private Web Space refers to any
website or webpage that requires a password from a registered user, and
thus access is restricted; examples of this include emails and social
media accounts. However public and private spaces online are difficult to
define, there is an element of disparity, a grey area between what is a
public or a private space as opposed to a clear division. For example,
social media accounts can be both private and public, every social media
account requires a password for the user to access or post content, and
thus it can be considered as a a private space. Depending on the privacy
settings of the account, their personal information can be made accessible
to any number of people by the click of a button meaning that the account
can also be considered as a public space.

According to Zizi Papacharissi^[1], public and private spaces online can
also be defined on the basis of "mutual exclusivity" ^[2], is where people
usually assume that something is private and that it cannot, or will not,
be made public and vice versa. That being said, in the age of social
media, Internet surveillance and the rapid diffusion of digital
technology, the preconceived distinctions between public and private
spaces online are blurred.

The internet is often regarded as being the agora of information in modern
society ^[3], consisting of billions of websites from around the globe
that operate on either a Public or Private Space. Nevertheless, with
social media networking sites becoming a 'pervasive' phenomenon, already
existing conflicts between Public and Private spaces online are further
intensified. Many questions of uncertainty have been raised in regards to
how much of our own personal information online is actually secure, and
whether or not the distinctions between Public and Private Spaces online
are becoming blurred ^[4]. The term Public Space was defined by Jurgen
Habermas as a "realm of our social life in something approaching public
opinion can be formed." ^[5]. According to Dearnley and Feather, "the Web
represents the largest public space in human history". ^[6]

danah boyd[edit | edit source]^[2]

[IMG]
danah boyd

danah boyd is the social scholar and key theorist behind 'always-on'
culture. Her work The Social Media Reader^[7] has brought to the forefront
the problems that arise due t[...]
academic2.ru 🎓²
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o being always on. She places particular
emphasis on the blurring of the lines between being on and off. In her
book she states that: "It's no longer about on or off really, It's about
living in a world where being networked to people and information wherever
and whenever you need it is just assumed. I may not be always-on the
Internet as we think of it colloquially, but I am always connected to the
network. And that's what it means to be always-on." ^[8]^[3]

Always-on Phenomenon[edit | edit source]^[4]

The modern phenomenon of being ‘always on’ centers around the idea that
most of us are “never really offline”^[9]. This idea revolves around the
extensive use of smartphones, PCs, tablets and many other devices which
are all connected to networks, as portals to the online world within which
individuals are present at all times. David Gauntlett highlighted that at
least three quarters of the population in the U.K. and U.S. are regular
internet users. Although the internet offers endless possibilities
Americans spend over half of their time online on social network sites,
gaming, emailing and instant messaging. ^[10] Furthermore, Gauntlett also
highlights the findings of a large scale study carried out by the Kaiser
Foundation which shows that 74% per cent of 12-18 year olds had created a
profile on a social networking site. ^[11] As danah boyd^[5] outlines,
being 'always-on' is not limited to the time an individual physically
spends in front of a screen doing things such as updating our Facebook
page etc. The phrase also relates to our constant connection to the online
world. A person does not have to be physically using technology for
someone to contact or find information about us, as long as we are
connected in some way using a single or multiple devices the channels of
communication are open allowing for the virtual world to penetrate the
real world at any given moment.

While boyd suggests that “the online is always around the corner” ^[12],
she introduces the, arguably cultural determinist, concept of being
“procontext”, meaning that despite living the always-on lifestyle, users
are able to choose and negotiate where and when they are made available
online. She gives an example of herself at the dinner table, where a phone
may be on a person but they choose not to engage with it, instead he/she
focuses on the conversation around the dinner table.

There is much discussion about the consequences of being ‘always on’,
Recent research has discovered that there is emotional, physical and
psychological effects of being constantly connected. Across 65 countries,
73.4% of people own a smartphone. Those that own them check them on
average 110 times per day.^[13]. These figures result in a high number of
people with constant access to email, social media and text messages.

The future of 'always on culture' is unclear, but one things for certain,
it shows no signs of decreasing. Almost four in five people now firmly
believe that internet access is a basic human right and a public utility.
^[14]. Countries such as Finland and Estonia have already ruled that
access is a human right for their citizens and International bodies such
as the UN are also pushing for universal net access ^[15]. Some would
insist that freedom of speech^[6] closely relates to this. In fact,
internet giant Google have imminent plans to bring internet to the entire
world by sending network-enabled balloons into the stratosphere^[16]. The
project is in the early stages, but, were it to succeed, it would take
'always on' global.

Advantages of being 'Always On'[edit | edit source]^[7]

Always being connected to technology comes with a range of benefits.
Firstly, information is instantly accessible. In the past, people would
have to buy a newspaper, watch the television, listen to the radio or
receive information by word-of-mouth. With today's technology, we have
unprecedented levels of in[...]
academic2.ru 🎓²
o being always on. She places particular emphasis on the blurring of the lines between being on and off. In her book she states that: "It's no longer about on or off really, It's about living in a world where being networked to people and information wherever…
formation literally in our hands; at the touch
of a button. Individuals can communicate at a faster rate, more
efficiently than ever before and with people all around the globe.

As a result, children now have skills that their parents never
accumulated. The younger generation are now able to impart wisdom on their
elders. A notion which was thought to be implausible before the rise of
modern technology. As a result of these great shifts in technological
advancement, children's brains will develop in different ways. Oppositely
, it is important to understand that because the advancement of technology
is at such a rapid pace children are at risk of becoming addicted to their
devices. Equally, children at earlier ages are getting connected with this
always on culture and this gives them a chance to look at whatever they
want when they want. As of right now, parents have to become more aware of
the dangers of this always on culture and be very careful with their
children and the technology that they have.

Devices[edit | edit source]^[8]

The 21st century has seen the advent of a new way for people to stay
constantly connected. In the 1990s, the internet was far more primitive
than it is in 2015. Broadband capabilities and the introduction of wifi
technology has allowed internet users to connect around the world -
internet users are now constantly connected globally. As they are now so
embedded in their day to day lives, people may begin to feel frustrated
without their devices. Certain people suffer from 'FOMO' (fear of missing
out) and often become stressed and agitated if they cannot get the
information, or make the connection needed at that particular time.

The introduction of mobile technology has revolutionized the way in which
people interact with each other to the point where it is now difficult for
people to imagine their lives without it. 'Always on culture' revolves
around the concept that people are always tethered to the network, and it
is mobile technology which has allowed this to happen. Mobile devices have
now transcended the function of a basic telephone. For example, they are
additionally utilised as cameras, calculators and video games. Most
notably, however, modern mobile devices feature wireless internet which
has, in some ways, acted as the catalyst for the 'Always-on' culture. Now,
if an individual owns a handheld device or a laptop / personal computer,
they are never truly offline. Tablet computers have also seen a large
surge in popularity (devices similar to smart phones, but on a larger
scale). Sonia Livingston suggest that 'we can no longer imagine living our
daily lives - at leisure or at work, with family or friends without media
and communication technologies. Nor would we want to'. ^[17]

Sherry Turkle and the Disadvantages of Being Connected[edit | edit
source]^[9]

Sherry Turkle has explained the impact that our "Always-on" culture has
had on today's society, and how it is forming a world of people who rely
on technology to be sociable. In her book "Alone Together"^[18] she speaks
about always-on culture and its negative impact on our society. “We are
all cyborgs now,” ^[19] she states as we are constantly connected to one
another electronically, and we feel uncomfortable when we are not. In the
way we play video games and how we present ourselves on social media we
live secondary lives. “Simple pleasures bring compulsions which [can] take
me [us] by surprise,” ^[20] our attraction to a life online may be
surprising, but it is understandable. The impressionistic values of our
online identity – our online representation, narrative and realism – can
all be portrayed selectively, however we like. Our identity can be edited
and deleted. However our addiction to this identity impacts our real
identity. People are so attached to mobile phones and computers that they
are marked absent - departed from a face-to-face, human social l[...]
academic2.ru 🎓²
formation literally in our hands; at the touch of a button. Individuals can communicate at a faster rate, more efficiently than ever before and with people all around the globe. As a result, children now have skills that their parents never accumulated. The…
ife - and
without them we are anxious and alone.

[IMG]
Sherry Turkle

Turkle, in her subsequent TED Talk "Connected, but Alone?"^[21], spoke
about today’s adolescents. Children are being brought up with parents who
text and the dinner table then leave the house to socialise, i.e., sit
with their friends on their phones, not talking. She says, “adolescents
need face to face experience,” and it’s difficult to disagree. This is the
way the world is going, the social culture it has become – to be connected
all of the time and communicate through screens, but, it is not healthy.
Today’s adolescents, Turkle stated, prefer texting to having a
conversation because, “[conversation] takes place in real time, and you
can’t control what you’re going to say”. Children being brought up who
would “rather text than talk” are missing out on a valuable life lesson.
To have such clean and editable and deletable social lives is to say
goodbye to our real personalities. We be
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Это может привести к медленной работе VK или возникновению ошибок. Для
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Доктор Данилов в МЧС Андрей
Шляхов

Доктор Данилов неожиданно для себя устраивается в мобильный
госпиталь МЧС! Это самое необычное и самое экстремальное место работы для
современного врача!

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ملخص النشر (RSS) forma-odezhda.ru " analogindex-LiveJournal Оценка 4,5...
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» Размещение звезд и
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Поскольку сотрудники ФПС МЧС России являются военизированными, то они
имеют соответствующее обмундирование и знаки различия. Знаки различия в
зависимо[...]
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ife - and without them we are anxious and alone. [IMG] Sherry Turkle Turkle, in her subsequent TED Talk "Connected, but Alone?"^[21], spoke about today’s adolescents. Children are being brought up with parents who text and the dinner table then leave the…
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concisus перевод со всех языков на
русский

1. concīsus, a, um
part. pf. к concido
2. adj.
1)
сокращённый, сжатый, краткий (sententiae, disputationes C)
distincte
concīsa brevitas C — краткость, соединённая с ясностью
2) короткий,
резкий ( vox tubae Vlg)
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Front-line Corporal 1 in the uniform of the 1943
model.

English: analogindex
(RSS)

Military
Front-line Corporal 1 in the uniform
of the 1943 model. The insignia from the buttonholes were transferred to
the shoulder straps . The SS-40 helmet has been widely used since 1942.
About the same time in...
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/> форма солдат и офицеров Второй мировой войныФронтовик Ефрейтор 1 в
униформе образца 1943 г. Знаки различия из петлиц перенесены на погоны .
Каска СШ-40 получила широкое распространение с 1942 г. Примерно в то же
время в войска в массовых количествах начали поступать пистолеты-пулеметы.
Этот ефрейтор вооружен 7,62-мм пистолетом-пулеметом Шпагина - ППШ-41- с
71-зарядным барабанным магазином. Запасные магазины в подсумках на поясном
ремне рядом с подсумком на три ручные гранаты. В 1944 г. наряду с
барабанным магазином для ППШ-41 начал выпускаться рожковый 35-зарядный
магазин , подходящий также и для ППС-43. Рожковые магазины носили в
подсумках па три отделения. Гранаты обычно носили в подсумках на поясном
ремне. К началу войны существовали подсумки на одну гранату, в данном
случае показана граната Ф-1 За . Более практичные подсумки на три гранаты
появились позднее, показан подсумок с осколочной гранатой РГ-42 Зb .
Подсумки с двумя отделениями предназначались для
фугасных… forma-odezhda.ruhref="https://tg.rip/s/enacademic/2355631
Военная форма солдат и офицеров Второй
мировой войны

Фронтовик Ефрейтор 1 в униформе образца 1943
г. Знаки различия из петлиц перенесены на погоны . Каска СШ-40 получила
широкое распространение с 1942 г. Примерно в то же время в войска в
массовых количествах начали поступать…

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