**🖍️ASIA PACIFIC AND INDO PACIFIC**

♦️The term Asia Pacific encompasses Oceania, North -East -Asia and South-East -Asia.

♦️Asia-Pacific is not a security term but an economic concept used to describe the emerging market economies of South-East and East-Asia.

♦️On the other hand, Indo -Pacific is an evolving concept capturing the region from East-Africa to Western Pacific and is strategic-cum-economic conception with special focus on sea lanes of communication.**

*IMPORTANT*
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Prime ministers special scholarship scheme.
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Also applied for pmsss.
Also should have appeared in neet exam.

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About United Nations Convention for the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

It is an international treaty that was adopted and signed in 1982. 

It replaced the four Geneva Conventions of April 1958, which respectively concerned the territorial sea and the contiguous zone, the continental shelf, the high seas, fishing and conservation of living resources on the high seas.

The Convention has created three new institutions on the international scene:

the international Tribunal for Laws of the Sea

the International Seabed Authority

the Commission on the Limits of Continental Shelf

It divides marine areas into five main zones namely- Internal Waters, Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and the High Seas.

It provides a framework for state jurisdiction in maritime spaces. It provides a different legal status to different maritime zones.

INFANT mortality rate
Best among state is of KERLA
I, e death of 6 children per thousand live births whoes global ranking is 53
And worst is of M. P which accounts for 46 deats of children under 1year of age per thousand live births
Global ranking is 181 among 185 countries

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National Sports Awards are given every year to recognize and reward excellence in sports.

Announced by: Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports

Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award 2021: 

It is given for the spectacular and most outstanding performance in the field of sports by a sportsperson over a period of the previous four years.

This year, it will be given to 12 Sportspersons.

Arjuna Awards for outstanding performance in Sports and Games 2021:

It is given for good performance over a period of the previous four years and showing qualities of leadership, sportsmanship and a sense of discipline.

This year, 35 Sportspersons will receive this award.

Dronacharya Award for outstanding coaches in Sports and Games

It is given to coaches for doing outstanding and meritorious work on a consistent basis and enabling sportspersons to excel in International events.

Dhyan Chand Award for Lifetime Achievement in Sports and Games

It is given to honour sportspersons who have contributed to sports by their performance and continue to contribute to the promotion of sports events after their retirement.

Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puruskar

It is given to corporate entities (both in the private and public sector), sports control boards, NGOs including sports bodies at the State and National level who have played a visible role in the area of sports promotion and development. 

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (MAKA) Trophy:

Overall top performing university in inter-university tournaments is given this award.

P. RASHID (HISTORY OF JK).pdf

THIS PDF CONTAINS FIRST HISTORY OF KASHMIR,
HISTORY OF JAMMU
AND FORMATION OF J&K STATE

TO UNDERSTAND EACH AND EVERY TOPIC IN IT WITH DETAIL MUST WATCH THIS MARATHON CLASS OF 3 HOURS
LINK 👇

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✏️OBJECTIVES OF NON ALIGNED COUNTRIES

🔶The support of self-determination, national independence and the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States;

🔶 opposition to apartheid;

🔶 non-adherence to multilateral military pacts and the independence of non-aligned countries from great power or block influences and rivalries;

🔶 the struggle against imperialism in all its forms and manifestations;

🔶 the struggle against colonialism, neo-colonialism, racism, foreign occupation and
domination;

🔶 disarmament;

🔶non-interference into the internal affairs of States and peaceful coexistence among all
nations;

🔶 rejection of the use or threat of use of force in international relations;

🔶 the strengthening of the United Nations; the democratization of international relations;

🔶 Socioeconomic development and the restructuring of the international economic system;
as well as international cooperation on an equal footing.

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✏️73rd AMENDMENT ACT

🔶 The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act was passed by the Parliament in April 1993. The Amendment provided a Constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj Institutions in India through insertion of Article 243 to Part IX of Indian Constitution.

🔶 The Act was enforced upon all the state governments through Constitutional Amendment in Article 243 M, that all states should amend their Panchayat Acts in conformity with the Constitutional provisions.

🔶 It was meant to provide constitutional sanction to establish "democracy at the grassroots level as it is at the state level or national level"

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✏️KESAVANANDA BHARATI CASE

🔶 In the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973), the Supreme Court overruled its judgement in the Golak Nath case (1967).

🔶 In the Golak Nath case, the Supreme Court ruled that the Fundamental Rights are given a ‘transcendental and immutable’ position and hence, the Parliament cannot abridge or take away any of these rights.

🔶A constitutional amendment act is also a law within the meaning of Article 13 and hence, would be void for violating any of the Fundamental Rights.

🔶In Kesavananda Bharati Case, the Supreme Court upheld the validity of the 24th Amendment Act (1971) and stated that Parliament is empowered to abridge or take away any of the Fundamental Rights.

🔶 At the same time, it laid down a new doctrine of the ‘basic structure’ (or ‘basic features’) of the Constitution.

🔶 It ruled that the constituent power of Parliament under Article 368 does not enable it to alter the ‘basic structure’ of the Constitution.
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