✏️OBJECTIVES OF NON ALIGNED COUNTRIES

🔶The support of self-determination, national independence and the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States;

🔶 opposition to apartheid;

🔶 non-adherence to multilateral military pacts and the independence of non-aligned countries from great power or block influences and rivalries;

🔶 the struggle against imperialism in all its forms and manifestations;

🔶 the struggle against colonialism, neo-colonialism, racism, foreign occupation and
domination;

🔶 disarmament;

🔶non-interference into the internal affairs of States and peaceful coexistence among all
nations;

🔶 rejection of the use or threat of use of force in international relations;

🔶 the strengthening of the United Nations; the democratization of international relations;

🔶 Socioeconomic development and the restructuring of the international economic system;
as well as international cooperation on an equal footing.

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✏️73rd AMENDMENT ACT

🔶 The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act was passed by the Parliament in April 1993. The Amendment provided a Constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj Institutions in India through insertion of Article 243 to Part IX of Indian Constitution.

🔶 The Act was enforced upon all the state governments through Constitutional Amendment in Article 243 M, that all states should amend their Panchayat Acts in conformity with the Constitutional provisions.

🔶 It was meant to provide constitutional sanction to establish "democracy at the grassroots level as it is at the state level or national level"

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✏️KESAVANANDA BHARATI CASE

🔶 In the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973), the Supreme Court overruled its judgement in the Golak Nath case (1967).

🔶 In the Golak Nath case, the Supreme Court ruled that the Fundamental Rights are given a ‘transcendental and immutable’ position and hence, the Parliament cannot abridge or take away any of these rights.

🔶A constitutional amendment act is also a law within the meaning of Article 13 and hence, would be void for violating any of the Fundamental Rights.

🔶In Kesavananda Bharati Case, the Supreme Court upheld the validity of the 24th Amendment Act (1971) and stated that Parliament is empowered to abridge or take away any of the Fundamental Rights.

🔶 At the same time, it laid down a new doctrine of the ‘basic structure’ (or ‘basic features’) of the Constitution.

🔶 It ruled that the constituent power of Parliament under Article 368 does not enable it to alter the ‘basic structure’ of the Constitution.
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✏️ DEMOCRATIC DECENTRALISATION IN URBAN AREAS

🔶 India, like many other developing countries, has been experiencing rapid growth in recent decades. India’s urban population, which was hardly 10 percent at the beginning of the 20th century, reached 26 percent in nine decades.

🔶 Municipal bodies like the panchayats are not functioning effectively as units of local government due to structural, functional and financial constraints.

🔶 From time to time many committees and commissions are appointed to suggest measures to revitalize them. Almost all committees recommended strengthening the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs).

🔶 To strengthen urban governance, parliament enacted 74th Constitutional Amendment Act 1992. This Act provided constitutional recognition is a milestone in the history of Urban Local Bodies.

The aim of the Right to Information Act, 2005 was to enable citizens to access information held by the public authorities. This was to bring transparency and accountability of these public authorities. For the success of the RTI Act, the autonomy and independence of the Information Commission is an essential condition. Security of tenure and fixed terms of service are essential for the autonomy of the CIC.

But the recent amendments to the RTI Act, 2005 seem to be limiting the autonomy and independence of the Information commission.

These recent amendments are:

1. The term of the office of the chief information Commission of the central information commission and state information Commissions would be prescribed by the central government.

2. The amendment says that the salaries, allowances and other terms of the service shall be prescribed by the central government.

When we look at the above amendments, it becomes clear that the central government wants to take away the security of tenure and prescribe terms of service of the information commissioners, effectively taking away the autonomy and independence.

These changes to the RTI Act may turn the Information Commissions into caged parrots like the CBI, which are accused of towing the government‟s line.

To restore people‟s confidence and trust in their Right to Information, the Information Commissions and the Information Commissioners both at the central and state levels should be granted constitutional status. This will ensure their autonomy and independence like that of the Election Commission. C&AG and the UPSC.

✏️OBJECTIVES OF NON ALIGNED COUNTRIES

🔶The support of self-determination, national independence and the sovereignty and territorial integrity of States;

🔶 opposition to apartheid;

🔶 non-adherence to multilateral military pacts and the independence of non-aligned countries from great power or block influences and rivalries;

🔶 the struggle against imperialism in all its forms and manifestations;

🔶 the struggle against colonialism, neo-colonialism, racism, foreign occupation and
domination;

🔶 disarmament;

🔶non-interference into the internal affairs of States and peaceful coexistence among all
nations;

🔶 rejection of the use or threat of use of force in international relations;

🔶 the strengthening of the United Nations; the democratization of international relations;

🔶 Socioeconomic development and the restructuring of the international economic system;
as well as international cooperation on an equal footing.

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GLOBAL NUTRITIONAL REPORT

Indian Scenario  

Over half of Indian women in the age group 15-49 years are anaemic.

There has been a rise in anaemic Indian women since 2016.

India is also among 23 countries that have made no progress or are worsening on reducing ‘childhood wasting’.  

Wasting refers to children whose weight is low-for-their height.

Over 17 per cent of Indian children under 5 years of age are affected. 

This figure is much higher than the average for Asia where close to 9 per cent of children are affected.  

India is ‘off-course in meeting 7 of the 13 global nutrition targets.

These include sodium intake, raised blood pressure (both men and women), obesity (both men and women) and diabetes (both men and women).

Some 6.2 per cent of adult (aged 18 years and over) women and 3.5 per cent of adult men are living with obesity in the country.

India is among 53 countries ‘on course’ to meet the target for stunting

But over 34 per cent of children under 5 years of age are still affected

This figure is higher than average for Asia, where close to 22 per cent are affected by stunting.

The country is also among 105 countries that are ‘on course’ to meet the target for ‘childhood overweight’ and among 53 countries ‘on course’ to meet the target for ‘exclusive breastfeeding’. 

Some 58 per cent of infants in the age group 0-5 months are exclusively breastfed in India.

India does not have adequate data on the prevalence of ‘low birth weight’.

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#Caves

Ajanta Ellora Caves, Maharashtra

▪️Situated in the Jalgaon city of Maharashtra, the Ajanta and Ellora caves are one of the most well-known caves in India.

▪️ The rock-cut caves contain ancient religious paintings and sculptures. There are 34 caves at Ellora that date back to the 6th and 11th centuries AD and there are 29 caves at Ajanta that date back to the 2nd century BC and 6th century AD.

▪️The caves at the Ajanta are dedicated to Buddhism while the caves at Ellora display a mix of Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism. This is one of the most famous caves in India.

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