Different Types of Hydrogen
Green hydrogen: It is defined as hydrogen produced by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using renewable electricity.
This is a very different pathway compared to both grey and blue.
Grey hydrogen: It is traditionally produced from methane (CH4), split with steam into CO2 – the main culprit for climate change – and H2, hydrogen.
Grey hydrogen has increasingly been produced also from coal, with significantly higher CO2 emissions per unit of hydrogen produced, so much that is often called brown or black hydrogen instead of grey.
It is produced at an industrial scale today, with associated emissions comparable to the combined emissions of the UK and Indonesia.
It has no energy transition value, quite the opposite.
Blue hydrogen
It follows the same process as grey, with the additional technologies necessary to capture the CO2 produced when hydrogen is split from methane (or from coal) and store for the long term.
It is not one colour but rather a very broad gradation, as not 100% of the CO2 produced can be captured, and not all means of storing it are equally effective in the long term.
The main point is that by capturing a large part of the CO2 , the climate impact of hydrogen production can be reduced significantly.
@jkexamsforum
Green hydrogen: It is defined as hydrogen produced by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using renewable electricity.
This is a very different pathway compared to both grey and blue.
Grey hydrogen: It is traditionally produced from methane (CH4), split with steam into CO2 – the main culprit for climate change – and H2, hydrogen.
Grey hydrogen has increasingly been produced also from coal, with significantly higher CO2 emissions per unit of hydrogen produced, so much that is often called brown or black hydrogen instead of grey.
It is produced at an industrial scale today, with associated emissions comparable to the combined emissions of the UK and Indonesia.
It has no energy transition value, quite the opposite.
Blue hydrogen
It follows the same process as grey, with the additional technologies necessary to capture the CO2 produced when hydrogen is split from methane (or from coal) and store for the long term.
It is not one colour but rather a very broad gradation, as not 100% of the CO2 produced can be captured, and not all means of storing it are equally effective in the long term.
The main point is that by capturing a large part of the CO2 , the climate impact of hydrogen production can be reduced significantly.
@jkexamsforum
Various Steps were taken by GoI to save wildlife
Wildlife Protection Act 1972: Protected Areas like National Parks, Biodiversity Reserves, etc. were created
Project Tiger: Initiated in 1972. It helped in the conservation of both tigers and the entire ecosystem.
Project Elephant: Initiated in 1992 with the aim of conserving elephants and their habitat and migratory routes by developing scientific and planned management measures.
Crocodile Conservation Project: The main objective of the crocodile project is to protect the remaining population of crocodiles and their natural habitat by establishing sanctuaries.
UNDP Sea Turtle Project: To conserve the Olive Ridley Turtles. Initiated by Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun as the Implementing Agency in 1999.
Cheetah Reintroduction Programme in Kuno Palpur sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh from Namibia.
Vulture Conservation: National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) has cleared a plan for conserving vultures.
India Rhino Vision (IRV) 2020: The goal of IRV2020 was to increase the rhino population in Assam to 3,000 by establishing populations in new areas.
Wetland (Conservation and Management) Rules 2010 have been drafted to protect wetlands in India.
Related Organisations: Wildlife Crime Control Bureau, Central Zoo Authority, National Tiger Conservation Authority, Wildlife SOS, Wildlife Trust of India, Wildlife Institute of India, Aaranyak, Nature Conservation Foundation, etc.
Citizens' participation: The Prime Minister called for the active participation of people in conservation efforts.
Wildlife Protection Act 1972: Protected Areas like National Parks, Biodiversity Reserves, etc. were created
Project Tiger: Initiated in 1972. It helped in the conservation of both tigers and the entire ecosystem.
Project Elephant: Initiated in 1992 with the aim of conserving elephants and their habitat and migratory routes by developing scientific and planned management measures.
Crocodile Conservation Project: The main objective of the crocodile project is to protect the remaining population of crocodiles and their natural habitat by establishing sanctuaries.
UNDP Sea Turtle Project: To conserve the Olive Ridley Turtles. Initiated by Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun as the Implementing Agency in 1999.
Cheetah Reintroduction Programme in Kuno Palpur sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh from Namibia.
Vulture Conservation: National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) has cleared a plan for conserving vultures.
India Rhino Vision (IRV) 2020: The goal of IRV2020 was to increase the rhino population in Assam to 3,000 by establishing populations in new areas.
Wetland (Conservation and Management) Rules 2010 have been drafted to protect wetlands in India.
Related Organisations: Wildlife Crime Control Bureau, Central Zoo Authority, National Tiger Conservation Authority, Wildlife SOS, Wildlife Trust of India, Wildlife Institute of India, Aaranyak, Nature Conservation Foundation, etc.
Citizens' participation: The Prime Minister called for the active participation of people in conservation efforts.
Recently, The Sahitya Akademi announced its awards for 2021 for literary works in 20 languages, including novels in Assamese and English by Anuradha Sarma Pujari and Namita Gokhale respectively
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News
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is gearing up for a number of missions in 2022.
Missions Planned
Venus Mission:
The Shukrayaan-1 could launch in December 2024 as an orbiter headed towards neighbouring planet Venus.
This will be the Indian space agency’s first mission to Venus, and is expected to have a mission life of 4 years.
During this time, multiple instruments will carry out studies on the planet.
If it misses the 2024 deadline, then the next window for launch will be in mid-2026 when Venus and Earth realign. This is important for spacecraft fuel efficiency when visiting other planets.
The Venus orbiter will be launched on the rockets made by ISRO.
DISHA (Disturbed and quiet-type System at High Altitude):
It is a twin-satellite system that will study Earth’s aeronomy, the uppermost layer of Earth’s atmosphere.
It will involve twin satellites orbiting Earth at an altitude of 450km.
TRISHNA (Thermal infraRed Imaging Satellite for High resolution Natural resource Assessment):
ISRO and CNES have completed the feasibility study to realise the earth observation satellite mission with thermal infrared imager, TRISHNA.
It is meant for accurate mapping of land surface temperatures.
It will acquire imagery of Earth’s surface in the thermal infrared with a resolution and revisit frequency never seen before.
Expected launch: in 2024
India and France are working on their third joint satellite mission.
ISRO and French space agency CNES (Centre National dEtudes Spatiales) have undertaken two joint missions 'Megha-Tropiques', which was launched in 2011, and 'Saral-Altika' in 2013.
Chandrayaan-3:
It could be set for a launch date by the middle of 2023 with huge progress in incorporating design and testing.
It is the third Moon mission of the ISRO and successor of Chandrayaan-2 mission.
It involves various processes, including finalisation of configuration, subsystems realisation, integration, spacecraft level detailed testing and a number of special tests to evaluate the system performance on earth.
Progress was hampered due to Covid-19 pandemic.
Gaganyaan
India’s first human spaceflight mission.
It is expected in 2023.
The spacecraft is jointly made by ISRO and HAL.
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is gearing up for a number of missions in 2022.
Missions Planned
Venus Mission:
The Shukrayaan-1 could launch in December 2024 as an orbiter headed towards neighbouring planet Venus.
This will be the Indian space agency’s first mission to Venus, and is expected to have a mission life of 4 years.
During this time, multiple instruments will carry out studies on the planet.
If it misses the 2024 deadline, then the next window for launch will be in mid-2026 when Venus and Earth realign. This is important for spacecraft fuel efficiency when visiting other planets.
The Venus orbiter will be launched on the rockets made by ISRO.
DISHA (Disturbed and quiet-type System at High Altitude):
It is a twin-satellite system that will study Earth’s aeronomy, the uppermost layer of Earth’s atmosphere.
It will involve twin satellites orbiting Earth at an altitude of 450km.
TRISHNA (Thermal infraRed Imaging Satellite for High resolution Natural resource Assessment):
ISRO and CNES have completed the feasibility study to realise the earth observation satellite mission with thermal infrared imager, TRISHNA.
It is meant for accurate mapping of land surface temperatures.
It will acquire imagery of Earth’s surface in the thermal infrared with a resolution and revisit frequency never seen before.
Expected launch: in 2024
India and France are working on their third joint satellite mission.
ISRO and French space agency CNES (Centre National dEtudes Spatiales) have undertaken two joint missions 'Megha-Tropiques', which was launched in 2011, and 'Saral-Altika' in 2013.
Chandrayaan-3:
It could be set for a launch date by the middle of 2023 with huge progress in incorporating design and testing.
It is the third Moon mission of the ISRO and successor of Chandrayaan-2 mission.
It involves various processes, including finalisation of configuration, subsystems realisation, integration, spacecraft level detailed testing and a number of special tests to evaluate the system performance on earth.
Progress was hampered due to Covid-19 pandemic.
Gaganyaan
India’s first human spaceflight mission.
It is expected in 2023.
The spacecraft is jointly made by ISRO and HAL.
Some of the animals granted protection under the Schedule I include:
The Black Buck
Bengal Tiger
Clouded Leopard
Snow Leopard
Swamp Deer
Himalayan Bear
Asiatic Cheetah
Kashmiri Stag
Fishing Cat
Lion-tailed Macaque
Musk Deer
Rhinoceros
Brow Antlered Deer
Chinkara (Indian Gazelle)
Capped Langur
Golden Langur
Hoolock Gibbon
Under wildlife protection Act 1972
The Black Buck
Bengal Tiger
Clouded Leopard
Snow Leopard
Swamp Deer
Himalayan Bear
Asiatic Cheetah
Kashmiri Stag
Fishing Cat
Lion-tailed Macaque
Musk Deer
Rhinoceros
Brow Antlered Deer
Chinkara (Indian Gazelle)
Capped Langur
Golden Langur
Hoolock Gibbon
Under wildlife protection Act 1972
UNIT 2 biodiversity and conservation pdf notes have been uploaded
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HOW YOU ENJOYED ECOLOGY LECTURES for jkpsi
Anonymous Poll
20%
⭐ very poor
10%
⭐⭐ poor
28%
⭐⭐⭐ good
24%
⭐⭐⭐⭐better
44%
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐best
India Records 1,94,720 Fresh Covid Cases, 442 Deaths
The active cases rose to 9,55,319, the highest in 209 days, while the death count climbed to 4,84,655 with 442 fresh fatalities,
The active cases rose to 9,55,319, the highest in 209 days, while the death count climbed to 4,84,655 with 442 fresh fatalities,
Which one of the following country was known before as ANATOLIA PLATUE.
(Anatolia PLATUE) is between
1) pontain mountain range & 2) Tatus mountain range.
(Anatolia PLATUE) is between
1) pontain mountain range & 2) Tatus mountain range.
Anonymous Quiz
17%
IRAN
26%
IRAQ
48%
TURKEY
9%
YEMEN
MATCH THE FOLLOW
1) YANGTSE RIVER 2) AMAZON RIVER 3) NILE RIVER 4) CONGO RIVER a) longest river of WORLD b) worlds 2ND longest river C) worlds 3nd longest river d) Cuts equator twice
1) YANGTSE RIVER 2) AMAZON RIVER 3) NILE RIVER 4) CONGO RIVER a) longest river of WORLD b) worlds 2ND longest river C) worlds 3nd longest river d) Cuts equator twice
Anonymous Quiz
12%
1-c , 2-a, 3-d , 4-b
64%
1-c , 2-b, 3-a , 4-d
20%
1-a , 2-b, 3-d , 4-b
5%
1-d , 2-a, 3-d , 4-c