Reliable field evidence — documented and recorded by the de facto authority’s own forces, specifically the 90th Division of the Syrian Ministry of Defense — indicates that the massacres and systematic campaign of genocide committed against unarmed civilians, particularly Kurds in Aleppo governorate, were carried out in a coordinated and deliberate manner by the terrorist elements of the Ministry of Defense under the de facto authority, under the direct supervision of their top leadership.

📌 Chain of Command and Direct Responsibility:
This documentation reveals that the field executions and mutilation of bodies carried out by the 60th Division were conducted under the direct supervision of a senior terrorist leader within “Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham”, known as the “Shadow Man”, a brigadier in the 60th Division named Awad Al-Jassim (Abu Qutaiba Al-Manbiji).

The evidence shows that video footage was broadcast immediately and directly to the high command centers of the de facto authority during the commission of the crimes, enabling the leadership to receive live recordings as the events unfolded, which allowed for the issuance of urgent operational orders for extermination and direct oversight of their execution.

These facts constitute strong indicators of ethnosectarian genocide and war crimes, with clear documentation of command responsibility in accordance with the principle of the chain of command and control recognized under international humanitarian law.

Surveillance camera footage has documented direct and systematic targeting of residential areas by terrorist factions operating under the Ministry of Defense of the de facto authority, with attacks striking civilian-populated neighborhoods in Sheikh Maqsoud and Ashrafieh in the city of Aleppo.

This conduct demonstrates a clear pattern of organized intimidation against the civilian population, through the use of armed force and explicit threats, with the aim of forcibly compelling residents to leave their homes. Under international humanitarian law, such practices are classified as forcible transfer and constitute a war crime in its full legal elements.

These actions were accompanied by the imposition of a suffocating siege on Sheikh Maqsoud, including intensive shelling, military encirclement with tanks, and explicit threats of a full-scale assault. The documented facts indicate a systematic policy intended to exhaust the civilian population psychologically and materially, and to drive them into forced displacement under the threat or use of weapons.

These acts constitute grave violations of international law and customary norms, and reflect a deliberate reliance on military coercion and psychological pressure as tools of control over civilians, in a context that rises to the level of international crimes.