👉የሪቴንሽን (Retention) ገንዘብ፡ ዓላማ፣ የገንዘብ መጠን ገደብ እና አወጣጥ

በፌዴራል የመንግሥት ግዥና ንብረት አስተዳደር ኤጀንሲ የጨረታ ሰነድ (SBD-Works) መሠረት፣ የሪቴንሽን (Retention) ገንዘብ ማለት ኮንትራክተሩ የገባውን ውል በትክክል መፈጸሙን ለማረጋገጥ እና የመጨረሻ ሂሳብ ከመወራረዱ በፊት ለሚታዩ ጉድለቶች እንደ ዋስትና እንዲያገለግል አሰሪው (Employer) ከእያንዳንዱ ክፍያ ላይ ቀንሶ የሚያስቀረው የገንዘብ መጠን ነው።

የቅናሽ አሰራር (GCC Clause 61)
በGCC አንቀጽ 64.1 (ሐ)መሠረት፣ በኮንትራክተሩ የሚቀርቡ የእያንዳንዱ ጊዜያዊ የክፍያ ሰርተፊኬቶች (Interim Payment Certificates) በGCC አንቀጽ 61 በተጠቀሰው መሠረት የሪቴንሽን ቅናሽ ይደረግባቸዋል። ይህ አሰራር አሰሪው በሥራው ሂደት ውስጥ የፋይናንስ ዋስትና እንዲኖረው ያስችለዋል።

የተቀናሽ መጠን ገደብ (based on SCC)
በውሉ ልዩ ሁኔታዎች (SCC) ላይ የሚቀነሰው መቶኛ የሚወሰን ቢሆንም፣ አብዛኛውን ጊዜ ከእያንዳንዱ ጊዜያዊ ክፍያ (IP) ላይ 5% የመቀነስ አሰራር የተለመደ ሲሆን፣ በ GCC አንቀጽ 61 መሠረት ግን የሚጠራቀመው ጠቅላላ የሪቴንሽን መጠን በማንኛውም ሁኔታ ከጠቅላላ የውል ዋጋው 10% መብለጥ እንደሌለበት በጥብቅ ተደንግጓል።

የሪቴንሽን (Retention) ገንዘብ መች ይለቀቃል??

1⃣First release፦ጊዜያዊ ርክክብ (Provisional Acceptance) ተፈጽሞ የምስክር ወረቀት ሲሰጥ፣ የተጠራቀመው የሪቴንሽን ገንዘብ 50 በመቶው (ግማሹ) ለኮንትራክተሩ ይለቀቃል።

2⃣Final Release፦በGCC አንቀጽ 89 መሠረት የመጨረሻ ርክክብ (Final Acceptance) ተፈጽሞ የምስክር ወረቀት ሲሰጥ እና የኮንትራክተሩ ግዴታዎች በሙሉ ሲጠናቀቁ ቀሪው 50 በመቶ ይለቀቃል።


በባንክ ዋስትና (Bank Guarantee) መተካት በውል ልዩ ሁኔታዎች (SCC) ላይ ከተፈቀደ፣ አሰሪው ኮንትራክተሩ ሁለተኛውን 50 በመቶ የሪቴንሽን ገንዘብ ያለምንም ቅድመ ሁኔታ በሚቀርብ የባንክ ዋስትና (Unconditional Bank Guarantee) እንዲተካ ሊፈቅድ ይችላል። ይህም ኮንትራክተሩ የተያዘበትን ገንዘብ አስቀድሞ በማውጣት ለሥራ ማስኬጃ እንዲጠቀም ይረዳዋል።

#ContractAdministration #ConstructionEngineering #EthiopianConstruction #RetentionMoney #FPPA #SBD #NCB #ContractLaw #EngineeringTips #ProjectFinance

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📐How to Mark an Offset Using a Total Station

🌟Angle & Distance Method

Offset marking with a Total Station is a precise surveying technique used to locate points away from a known reference or control line. It is based on simple right-angle triangle geometry and allows surveyors to accurately transfer design coordinates to the ground.

🔹 Key Components

Base distance (a): Distance measured along the reference line.

Offset distance (b): Perpendicular distance from the reference line to the required point.

Slope distance (c): Distance measured from the Total Station to the offset point.

Horizontal angle (θ): Angle turned from the established reference direction.

🔹 Required Data

✅ Known control/reference point or line
✅ Total Station properly set, centered and levelled
✅ Reference direction/back sight
✅ Required horizontal angle
✅ Required offset or measured distance

🔹 Basic Procedure

1. Set up the Total Station over a known control point and carefully center and level it.

2. Backsight a reference point and establish the correct orientation.

3. Turn the required horizontal angle from the reference line.

4. Enter or measure the required distance using EDM or stake-out mode.

5. Mark the calculated point accurately on the ground.

6. Recheck the angle and distance before fixing the final survey point.

🔹 Right-Angle Offset

For a perpendicular offset, the offset direction is set at 90° to the reference line. This method is commonly used for establishing building corners, road offsets and setting-out points.

🔹 Common Applications

🏗️ Building and structural setting-out
🛣️ Road centerline and edge offsets
📍 Column and footing positioning
🚰 Boundary and utility layouts
📐 Construction alignment and control points

Important: Always verify the Total Station's centering, levelling, orientation, prism/target setup and measurements before marking permanent points. Actual site setting-out should follow the approved survey drawings and project specifications.

#TotalStation #Surveying #LandSurveying #CivilEngineering #Construction #SettingOut #SurveyingEngineering #CivilConstruction #Engineering #ConstructionSurveying #SiteSurvey #BuildingConstruction #RoadConstruction #SurveyEngineer #TotalStationSurvey #EngineeringTips #CivilTech #ConstructionTechnology #Surveyor #SiteEngineering

@etconp

🏗️SITE ENGINEER’S QUICK CALCULATION GUIDE

🌟A handy reference for preliminary estimation of common construction materials.

1️⃣ Concrete Quantity
Concrete Quantity = 0.036 × Built-up Area (m²)

2️⃣ Shuttering Quantity
Shuttering Quantity = 2.4–2.5 × Slab Area (m²)

3️⃣ Plywood Sheets
No. of Plywood Sheets = Shuttering Quantity × 0.22
Standard sheet: 2440 × 1220 × 18 mm

4️⃣ Battens
No. of Battens = No. of Plywood Sheets × 19.62

5️⃣ Nails
Nails = 0.075 × Shuttering Quantity (kg)

6️⃣ Binding Wire
Binding Wire = 0.075 × Shuttering Quantity (kg)

7️⃣ Shuttering Oil
Shuttering Oil = 0.065 × Shuttering Quantity
Approx. 1 litre for every 15 m²

8️⃣ Steel Quantity
Approximate values shown:
• 4.425 kg/sq ft — building height up to 1st–3rd slab
• 6.625 kg/sq ft — above 3rd slab

💡 Important: These are preliminary estimation values only.

⏺Actual quantities can vary depending on structural design, member sizes, reinforcement detailing, formwork system, wastage and site conditions.

⏺Always verify quantities with the approved structural drawings and project specifications.

#CivilEngineering #SiteEngineer #Construction #QuantityEstimation #Concrete #RCC #Shuttering #Formwork #Plywood #BindingWire #ReinforcementSteel #ConstructionMaterials #BuildingConstruction #StructuralEngineering #EngineeringTips

@etconp