👉TESTS FOR SAND

💫1. Sieve Analysis Test

⏺Used to determine the particle size distribution of sand. Pass sand through sieves
(4.75 mm to 150 µm). Helps to classify as fine, medium, or coarse.

💫2. Silt Content Test

⏺Determines the percentage of silt or clay in sand.
⏺Mix 50 ml sand with 50 ml water in a cylinder, shake, and settle for 3–4 hours.
⏺Silt should not exceed 8%.

💫3. Bulking of Sand Test

⏺Checks the increase in sand volume due to moisture.
⏺Add small amount of water
and note the volume change. Normal bulking = 10–25%.

💫4. Specific Gravity Test

⏺Determines density ratio of sand compared to water. Ideal specific gravity = 2.6 –2.7.

💫5. Organic Impurities Test

⏺Checks for organic matter or clay.
⏺Mix sand with NaOH solution; brown color indicates impurities.

💫6. Moisture Content Test

⏺Finds the amount of water in sand.
⏺Dry the sample at 110°C and calculate moisture % using weight difference.

💫7. Fineness Modulus Test

⏺Indicates sand quality and gradation.
⏺FM = (Cumulative % retained on sieves) /100. Fine sand = 2.2–2.6, Coarse = 2.6–2.9.

🏷Good quality sand ensures strong and durable concrete.

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