Methods adopted for purifying the public water supplies :-
i. screening
ii. plain sedimentation
iii. sedimentation aided with coagulation
iv. filtration
v. disinfection
vi. aeration
vii. softening
👉Screening: the removal bigger and visible objects, such as trees, branches, sticks, vegetations, fish, animal
life, etc. present in raw surface water source.
👉Plain sedimentation: the coarser suspended materials can be removed by letting the water settle in
sedimentation basins.
Chemical coagulation: the effectiveness of sedimentation may be increased by mixing with certain
chemicals with the water to form flocculent precipitate that carries the suspended particles to settle.
👉Filtration: the finer particles in suspension may then be removed by filtering the water through filters is
filtration.
👉Disinfection: The filtered water which may still contain pathogenic bacteria is then made bacteria-proof by
adding certain chemicals, such as chlorine; thus the process of killing of germs is termed as disinfection.
👉Aeration: for the safe of the resulting water that might not be attractive to the tongue of consumers.
Unpleasant taste and odour, and also oxygen deficiency can be removed by adding certain chemical
compounds, such as activated carbon or using ozone.
👉Softening: is addition of certain chemicals to bring the quality of water to the permissible limits of water
hardness.
#waterengineering #watertreatment
@etconp
i. screening
ii. plain sedimentation
iii. sedimentation aided with coagulation
iv. filtration
v. disinfection
vi. aeration
vii. softening
👉Screening: the removal bigger and visible objects, such as trees, branches, sticks, vegetations, fish, animal
life, etc. present in raw surface water source.
👉Plain sedimentation: the coarser suspended materials can be removed by letting the water settle in
sedimentation basins.
Chemical coagulation: the effectiveness of sedimentation may be increased by mixing with certain
chemicals with the water to form flocculent precipitate that carries the suspended particles to settle.
👉Filtration: the finer particles in suspension may then be removed by filtering the water through filters is
filtration.
👉Disinfection: The filtered water which may still contain pathogenic bacteria is then made bacteria-proof by
adding certain chemicals, such as chlorine; thus the process of killing of germs is termed as disinfection.
👉Aeration: for the safe of the resulting water that might not be attractive to the tongue of consumers.
Unpleasant taste and odour, and also oxygen deficiency can be removed by adding certain chemical
compounds, such as activated carbon or using ozone.
👉Softening: is addition of certain chemicals to bring the quality of water to the permissible limits of water
hardness.
#waterengineering #watertreatment
@etconp
👉Quantity of Water in a Rectangular Tank
💫1. Tank Volume
🚧Use the basic formula:
V = L×B×H
For the given tank:
12 ft × 8 ft × 6 ft = 576 cubic feet (cuft)
💫2. Convert Volume to Water (Liters)
1 cubic meter = 1000 liters
1 cubic meter = 35.31 cuft
So, 1 cuft ≈ 28.31 liters
💫3. Total Water in Tank
576 × 28.31 = 16,307 liters (≈ 16.3 m³)
💫4. Convert to Gallons
US gallon: ≈ 4,308 gallons
UK gallon: ≈ 3,592 gallons
💫5. Simple Shortcut (if dimensions in meters)
Volume × 1000 = liters
❇️Summary: The tank holds about 16,300 liters of water, depending on full capacity.
#WaterTank
#CivilEngineering #QuantityTakeoff #ConstructionBasics #SiteEngineering #WaterCalculation
#TankDesign #EngineeringStudents #VolumeCalculation #ConcreteTank
#Hydraulics #WaterEngineering #BuildingConstruction
#CivilNotes
@etconp
💫1. Tank Volume
🚧Use the basic formula:
V = L×B×H
For the given tank:
12 ft × 8 ft × 6 ft = 576 cubic feet (cuft)
💫2. Convert Volume to Water (Liters)
1 cubic meter = 1000 liters
1 cubic meter = 35.31 cuft
So, 1 cuft ≈ 28.31 liters
💫3. Total Water in Tank
576 × 28.31 = 16,307 liters (≈ 16.3 m³)
💫4. Convert to Gallons
US gallon: ≈ 4,308 gallons
UK gallon: ≈ 3,592 gallons
💫5. Simple Shortcut (if dimensions in meters)
Volume × 1000 = liters
❇️Summary: The tank holds about 16,300 liters of water, depending on full capacity.
#WaterTank
#CivilEngineering #QuantityTakeoff #ConstructionBasics #SiteEngineering #WaterCalculation
#TankDesign #EngineeringStudents #VolumeCalculation #ConcreteTank
#Hydraulics #WaterEngineering #BuildingConstruction
#CivilNotes
@etconp
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