📜ታሪክን የኋሊት

👉ኦስካር ኒማየር 1907-2012 (እኤአ)

👊ኦስካር ኒማየር በአለም ስሙ የገነነ ለአንድመቶ አራት  ዓመት የኖረ ብራዚላዊ ህንጻ ነዳፊ ሲሆን ከ ለኮርቡዝዬ ጋር በኒውዮርክ የሚገኘውን የተባበሩት መንግስታት ዋና ጽህፈት ቤት  ነድፏል። አዲሲቱን የብራዚል ዋና ከተማ ብራዚልያም ከሉስዮ ኮስታ ጋር ነድፎታል። በ1988 እኤአ የፕሪትዚከር አሸናፊ የነበረው ኒማየር ለ78 ዓመታት ያህል ህንጻ የነደፈ ሲሆን በሰሜን እና ደቡብ አሜሪካ፣ በአውሮፓና እንዲሁም በአፍሪካ ወደ 600 የሚጠጉ ስራዎችን ገንብቷል።

🚧ኒማየር በንድፉ ሁሉ ክብን መስመር የሚጠቀም ሲሆን ስለንድፈ ሀሳቡም የሚከተለውን ብሎ ነበር።

🚧"በሰው የተፈጠሩ ጠንካራ እና የማይታጠፉ  ቀጥታ ማዕዘኖች ወይም  ቀጥታ መስመሮች አይማርኩኝም። በነጻ የሚፈሱ, ስሜታዊ ኩርባዎች ይስቡኛል።  እነዚህ ኩርባዎች በሀገሬ ተራሮች ፣ በዚያ የሚገኙ ጠመዝማዛዎቹ  ወንዞች፣ በውቅያኖስ ሞገዶች ውስጥ እና በተወዳጅ ሴት አካል ላይ ይገኛሉ። 

🚧ኩርባዎች መላውን አጽናፈ ሰማይ እንዲሁም የተጠማዘዘውን የአንስታይን  አጽናፈ ሰማይ ጠቅለለው ይይዛሉ" በማለት ለቀጥታ መስመር ያለውን ስሜት አልባነት እና ለክብና ኩርባ ያለውን ጥልቅ ፍቅር ገልጿል።

🌟ኒማየር ሉል (Niemeyer Sphere)

✨ኒማየር በህይወቱ መጨረሻ በ103 ዓመቱ የነደፈው "ኒማየር ሉል" በጀርመን ላይፕዚክ ከተማ ከኒማየር ህልፈት በኋላ በ2020 እኤአ  የተገነባ ንድፍ ነው።

🚧ይህ ንድፍ በአንድ የቆየ  ፋብሪካ ላይ የተቀጠለ የምግብ አዳራሽ ሲሆን 3 ሚሊዮን ዩሮ ያወጣ ስራ ነበር።

#Architecture

Via ዳዊት በንቲ

@etconp

👉በ FM 107.8 በውሀ ልክ ኮንስትራክሽን ቶክ ሾው ዳዊት በንቲ ከራሄል ሻውል ጋር ያደረገው ጭውውት እንድታደምጡት ተጋብዛችኋል።

#Architecture

@etconp

👉ስኬል/Scale/

➡️ዛሬ ለ አንድ የህንፃ ፕላን ለማንበብ ከሚጠቅሙን አንዱ የሆነውን ስኬልን እናያለን።

▶️አርክቲክቱ የህንፃው ፕላን ዲዛይን ሲያደርግ ከሚገነበው ቤት እኩል መጠን ያለው አድርጎ መስራት አይችልም።

▶️በዚህም የተነሳ በስኬል አሳንሶ ሶፍትዌር(AutoCAD) ላይ ዲዛይን ያደርገውን በወረቀት ፕሪንት ተደርጎ በተቀመጠው ስኬል መሰረት ህንፃው ይገነባል።

➡️ለተለያየ አላማ የተለያዩ የስኬል አይነቶችን ሊጠቀም ቢችልም ለ ህንፃ እና መንገድ ግንባታ በብዛት የሚጠቅሙ የ ስኬል አይነቶች የሚከተሉት ናቸው:-

🚧1. 1:200 ሲነበብ አንድ ለሁለት መቶ ሲሆን ትርጉሙም 1ሚ.ሜ ፕላን ላይ 200 ሚ.ሜ መሬት ላይ ይወክላል ማለት ነው።

🚧2. 1:100 ሲነበብ አንድ ለአንድ መቶ ሲሆን ትርጉሙም 1ሚ.ሜ ፕላን ላይ 100ሚ.ሜ መሬት ላይ ይወክላል ማለት ነው።

🚧3. 1:50 (አንድ ለ ሃምሳ) ትርጉሙ 1 ሚ.ሜ ፕላን ላይ 50 ሚ.ሜ መሬት ላይ ይወክላል ማለት ነው።

🚧4. 1:20 (አንድ ለ ሃያ) ትርጉሙ 1ሚ.ሜ ፕላን ላይ 20ሚ.ሜ መሬት ላይ ይወክላል ማለት ነው።

#Architecture

@etconp

👉Different Types of Roofs

💫Choosing the right roof is essential for both structural strength and aesthetic appeal. This guide showcases various roof types used in modern construction, each designed for specific needs and conditions.

🔸 Shed Roof – Simple, cost-effective, and easy to construct

🔸 Gable Roof – Most common design with good ventilation

🔸 Hip Roof – Strong and stable, ideal for harsh weather

🔸 Half-Hip Roof – Combines style with extra interior space

🔸 Cross-Gable Roof – Perfect for complex and modern layouts

🔸 Vaulted Roof – Elegant design used in premium structures

🔸 Tent Roof – Symmetrical and suitable for compact designs

🔸 Gambrel Roof – Double slope design for more attic space

📌 Each roof type offers unique benefits in terms of durability, cost, space utilization, and design flexibility. Select wisely based on your project requirements!

#CivilEngineering #RoofTypes #Construction #BuildingDesign #Architecture #CivilTechTime #EngineeringBasics #SiteKnowledge #ConstructionLife #StructuralDesign #HomeDesign #Builders #EngineeringWorld #LearningCivil #DesignInspiration

@etconp

🏠Roof Types and Details

🏷Basic Terms

- Slope – The angle or inclination of the roof surface.
- Pitch – Ratio of rise to span; determines steepness.
- Ridge – The horizontal line at the top where two roof planes meet.
- Hip – The external angle formed by the intersection of two sloping roof surfaces.

⭐️Roof Types Explained

- Single-Pitch (Lean-to Roof)
- One sloping surface.
- Simple, economical, often used for sheds or extensions.

- Gable Roof
- Two sloping sides meeting at a ridge.
- Classic triangular profile, good for drainage and ventilation.

- Half-Hip Roof
- Gable roof with the upper part of the gable cut off by a small hip.
- Provides better wind resistance than a full gable.

- Half-Hipped (Four-Pitched)
- Combination of gable and hip on all sides.
- Adds stability and aesthetic variation.

- Half-Hipped (Double-Pitched)
- Two slopes on each side, with truncated gables.
- Offers more attic space and improved wind resistance.

- Hipped (Four-Pitched)
- All sides slope downwards to walls.
- Strong against wind, common in tropical climates.

- Multi-Pitch Roof
- Several roof planes intersecting.
- Used for complex structures, adds architectural interest.

- Mansard (Hipped)
- Four-sided roof with two slopes per side, lower slope steeper.
- Maximizes attic space, French origin.

- Mansard (Half-Hipped)
- Variation with truncated gables.
- Combines attic space with wind resistance.

- Tent Roof
- Steeply pitched, pyramid-like.
- Often used for towers or small structures.

- Pyramidal (Spires)
- Four equal triangular sides meeting at a point.
- Common in temples, towers, and monuments.

- Conical (Spires)
- Circular base tapering to a point.
- Seen in turrets, gazebos, and traditional huts.

- Hipped with Broken Pitch
- Hip roof with a change in slope mid-way.
- Adds character and allows more usable upper space.

- Gable roofs are cost-effective but less wind-resistant.
- Hip roofs are stronger in high-wind zones.
- Mansard roofs maximize usable space but are more complex to construct.
- Conical and pyramidal roofs are mainly aesthetic or symbolic.

#CivilEngineering #Construction #RoofDesign #RoofTypes #StructuralEngineering #BuildingDesign #Architecture #RoofStructure #GableRoof #HipRoof #MansardRoof #ConstructionDetails #BuildingConstruction #CivilEngineeringBasics #EngineeringStudents #LearnEngineering #EngineeringFacts #ConstructionKnowledge #CivilEngineeringWorld #ExplorePage #TrendingNow #ViralPost #ReelsIndia #ContentCreator

@etconp

🏗️ How to Construct a Building from Building Plans – Step-by-Step Guide

Constructing a building requires careful planning, precise execution, and strict quality control at every stage. Begin by studying all architectural, structural, MEP, and foundation drawings to understand the project thoroughly. Verify dimensions, levels, and specifications before starting work to avoid costly mistakes. Prepare the site by clearing obstacles, setting benchmarks, and arranging temporary utilities.

Next, perform accurate setting out using survey instruments to establish building grid lines and column locations. Execute foundation work with proper excavation, PCC, reinforcement, formwork, concreting, and curing. Continue with the superstructure by constructing columns, beams, slabs, walls, staircases, and the roof. Install MEP services, including electrical conduits, plumbing, drainage, HVAC, and fire protection systems before finishing works. Complete plastering, flooring, waterproofing, painting, doors, windows, and sanitary fixtures. Finally, carry out external development, landscaping, testing, quality inspections, documentation, and client handover.

Key Tips:

Always follow approved drawings.

Check line, level, and plumb before concreting.

Ensure reinforcement matches structural drawings.

Perform quality tests on construction materials.

Cure concrete adequately for maximum strength.

Maintain site safety and daily quality records.

Resolve drawing conflicts before execution.

#CivilEngineering #BuildingConstruction #ConstructionGuide #ConstructionProcess #StructuralEngineering #SiteEngineering #Foundation #Superstructure #MEP #Architecture #ConstructionManagement #Engineering #BuildingPlans #Concrete #Reinforcement #Surveying #SitePreparation #QualityControl #BuildSmarterBuildStronger

@etconp