👉ውድ ቤተሰቦቻችን እስቲ ዛሬ የ እረፍት ቀናቹ ነው

🌟ስለዚህ ቻናል ያላቹ ማነኛውም አስተያየት ፃፉልን

🚧እንዲሁም የምትፈልጉት ማነኛውም ጥያቄ መፅሐፍ ወይም ሶፍትዌር ካለም መጠየቅ ትችላላቹ።

📩 @Philemona7 መልእክታቹ አስቀምጡልን🙏

@etconp

👉በ4 ቢሊዮን ብር የሚገነባው የቅዱስ ያሬድ ሙዚየም

ቅዱስ ያሬድ ድጓ፣ ጾመ ድጓ፣ ምዕራፍ፣ ዝማሬና መዋሥዕት የተሰኙትን 5 የዜማ መጻሕፍት የደረሱ ታላቅ ኢትዮጵያዊ ሊቅ ናቸው፡፡ ብቸኛው የግእዝ ሥነ ጽሑፍ መስራች እንደሆኑም ይነገራል፡፡ ለእኚህ ኢትዮጵያዊ ሊቅ የሕይወት ታሪካቸውን የሚዘክር ሙዚየም በታላቁ ራስ ዳሽን ተራራ ላይ በ4 ቢሊዮን ብር ወጪ ሊገነባ ነው፡፡

በስማቸው የሚገነባው ሙዚየም የቅኔ ትምህርት፣ የዝማሬ ትምህርትና በርካታ ዘርፎችን የሚያካትት እንዲሁም ብዙ ሊቃውንትን የሚያፈራ መሆኑን ተናግሯል፡፡

በዚህ ሙዚየምም የአሁኑ ትውልድ የራሱን አሻራ የሚያሳርፍበት ታሪካዊ፣ ሀይማኖታዊ እና ሀገራዊ ፋይዳ እዳለውም ጨምሯል፡፡ እነቅዱስ ላሊበላ በ12ኛው መቶ ክፍለ ዘመን የሰሩት አስከዛሬ ላለው ትውልድ እንደጠቀመ ሁሉ እኛም ይሄንን በመስራት ለቀጣይ ትውልድ ትልቅ መሰረት የምንጥልበት ነውም ብሏል፡፡

በታላቁ ራስ ዳሽን ተራራ በደብረ ሐዊ ገዳም አቅራቢያ በሚገነባው ሙዚየም ውስጥ አንዱ የሆነው ህንፃ ቤተክርስቲያን የኖህ መርከብን ቅርጽ የሚይዝ መሆኑንም የፕሮጀክቱ ዋና አርክቴክት መኮንን ወርቁ ተናግረዋል፡። የፕሮጀክቱ አጠቃላይ ይዘትም አካባቢውን የዋጀ እና በዋሻ መልክ የሚገነባ ሲሆን በዘመናዊ ቴክኖሎጂዎች ታግዞ የሚከወንም መሆኑንም አርክቴክቱ አንስተዋል፡፡

ሙዚየሙ በስማቸው የሚገነባላቸው ሊቁ ባለቅኔ የዜማ አባት ቅዱስ ያሬድ መጻሕፍትን በጣዕመ ዜማ ደርሰዋል፡፡ መዝሙረ ዳዊትን ጨምሮ ሌሎችንም ቅዱሳት መጻሕፍትን በዜማው ያመሠጠሩ ታላቅ ኢትዮጵያዊ ሊቅ ናቸው፡፡ በኢትዮጵያ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋህዶ ቤተክርስቲያን ሰፊ የአገልግሎት ድርሻ ያላቸው ግእዝ፣ ዕዝልና አራራይ የዜማ ዓይነቶች የቅዱስ ያሬድ የዜማ ድርሰቶች ናቸው::

Via Walta Addis media

@etconp

ታምራት  ፕሌት እና ጄቦልት አቅራቢ

📌ፕሌትና ጄቦልት በፈለጉት አይነት የተዘጋጀ አለን

✂️ላሜራ መቁረጫ መብሻና  ማጠፊያ ማሽኖች አሉን

🔗ፌሮ (ቶንዲኖ) ጥርስ እናበጃለን እንዲሁም እናጥፋለን

📐ማንኛዉንም የሞደፊክ ስራዎችን እንሰራለን

📍ኢትዮጵያ ዉስጥ የትም እንልክሎታለን

አድራሻችን፦ ቁ.1 አዉቶብስ ተራ(መሳለሚያ)
                    ቁ.2 መርካቶ
                    ቁ.3 ተክለሀይማኖት

0904040477
0911016833

👉What Are Direct Vs Indirect Cost

🌉In construction, costs are typically categorized .Here's a breakdown of the differences between them:

🏷1.Direct Costs

💫Definition: Direct costs are expenses that can be directly attributed to a specific project or activity.

🚧Examples

- Labor costs (wages of workers directly involved in the construction)
- Material costs (concrete, steel, lumber)
- Equipment costs (rental or purchase of machinery used on the project)
- Subcontractor costs (payments to subcontractors for specific tasks or trades)
-Implication: These costs vary directly with the level of activity on the project and can be accurately tracked and assigned to specific tasks or phases of the construction process.

🏷2.Indirect Costs

💫Definition: Indirect costs are expenses that are not directly attributable to a single project but are necessary for the overall operation of the construction business or the execution of multiple projects.

🚧Examples

- Administrative expenses (salaries of office staff, office rent, utilities)
- Project management fees (costs associated with planning and overseeing multiple projects)
- Insurance and taxes (liability insurance, property taxes)
- General overhead (office supplies, communication costs)
- Implication: These costs are spread across multiple projects and are typically allocated to individual projects using a predetermined rate or method.

🌟In summary, direct costs are specific to a particular construction project and can be precisely tracked, while indirect costs are broader and support overall business operations or multiple projects.

@etconp

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Class start 👉#ሀምሌ_13

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Auto_CAD 4200 2000😱
ETABS 2800 2100

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⚡️Decide Today!

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⚡️consideration is on First come First serve basis.

🏃🏃‍♀Hurry up, we have LIMITED space!


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☞- #Certification and
☞- #cost_effective training with us.

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For further info
Contact us :+251993749494 | @yehaengineering
🌐 http://yehaengineeringplc.com

#Address:- Mexico around st. lideta, ፌዛክ የገበያ ማዕከል 7th floor, #701

"Let's walk what we talk!"

👉Cost Estimation

🚧Cost estimation is the process of forecasting the financial resources required to complete a project within its defined scope and timeframe.

💫Purpose

⏺To provide an approximate budget for the project.
⏺To determine the feasibility and economic viability of the project.
⏺To assist in project planning and decision-making.

♦️Stages

▶️Initial Estimation: Broad estimates made during the early stages of the project based on limited information.

▶️Refined Estimation: More detailed and accurate estimates made as the project scope becomes clearer and more information is available.

🚩Techniques

⏹Analogous Estimating: Using historical data from similar projects.

⏹Parametric Estimating: Using statistical relationships between historical data and other variables.

⏹Bottom-Up Estimating: Breaking down the project into smaller components and estimating the cost of each component.

⏹Expert Judgment: Consulting with experts who have experience with similar projects.

🔰Output

❇️A detailed cost estimate document that outlines the expected financial requirements for the project.

🌐Cost Control

*⃣Cost control is the process of monitoring and managing project expenditures to ensure that the project stays within the approved budget.

🎲Purpose

⏺To manage and reduce cost overruns.
⏺To ensure the project is completed within the approved financial resources.
⏺To provide data for financial reporting and project decision-making.

💫Stages

▶️Budget Baseline: Establishing a baseline budget based on the cost estimation.
▶️Monitoring: Continuously tracking actual costs against the budget.
▶️Controlling: Taking corrective actions to address any deviations from the budget.

⭐️Techniques

⏺Earned Value Management (EVM): Measuring project performance and progress in an objective manner.
⏺Variance Analysis: Identifying and analyzing differences between planned and actual costs.
⏺Trend Analysis: Using historical data to predict future performance.
⏺Change Control: Managing changes to the project scope that may affect costs.

🏷Output

▶️Regular cost reports and updates.
▶️Corrective action plans to address any deviations.
▶️Final cost performance assessment at project completion.

📜Key Differences Focus

⭐️Cost estimation focuses on predicting the financial resources needed before the project starts.

⭐️Cost control focuses on managing and adjusting the project budget during execution.

💫Timing

⭐️Cost estimation is primarily a pre-project activity.

⭐️Cost control is an ongoing activity throughout the project lifecycle.

🚧Objective

🔰The objective of cost estimation is to create a financial plan.

🔰The objective of cost control is to adhere to the financial plan and mitigate deviations.

📜Both cost estimation and cost control are crucial for effective project management. Accurate cost estimation sets the foundation for a realistic budget, while diligent cost control ensures that the project stays on track financially, ultimately contributing to the project's success.

@etconp

👉𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑪𝒍𝒂𝒊𝒎𝒔 𝑨𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒚𝒔𝒊𝒔 𝑪𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒕

🚧1》𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

⏺Claim preparation & analysis on (EPC) projects can be a complex undertaking

⏺Article set forth basic information & tasks in performing claim analysis whether preparing claim or defending against one

🏷Claims & counterclaims type may arise during EPC projects are diverse & can include:

▶️Delay claims, both by contractor for extended overhead cost & by owner for LDs

-Disruption
-Acceleration
-Differing Site Condition
-Scope Change including Cardinal Change
-Constructive Changes
-Defective & Deficient Contract Documents
-Termination/Suspension
-Quantity Variation
-Gross Negligence/Willful Misconduct
-Lost Profit
-Misrepresentation
-Defective Work
-Failure to Perform to Standard of Care
-Bad Weather
-Performance Impossibility
-Unjust Enrichment
-Superior Knowledge
-Implied Warranty Breach

🚧2》𝐈𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐲 𝐃𝐨𝐜𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐦 𝐈𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐞

-Project documentation is reasonably organized
-Identify law govern contract
-Identify daily reports, emails & communication
-Review documents setting forth contractor’s claim(s) & owner’s counterclaims
-Interview project personnel to understand major problems encountered
-Prepare issue files
-Prepare chronological events history
-Identify change orders (approved, disputed or pending)
-Review RFI log & RFI files
-Identify change in construction means
-Identify interference to contractor’s work caused by owner actions/inactions
-Identify design problem may have contributed to delay
-Identify specific information may withheld by owner & affected contractor’s bid price
-Obtain underground condition provided by owner in bid package
-Obtain weather reports.

🚧3》𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐦𝐬 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬 𝐑𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐥𝐞 𝐃𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐲

-Obtain efiles for baseline schedule & updates
-Determine if schedule contain logic errors or governed by high number of constraints
-Determine if contractor’s schedule was reasonable
-Identify EOT requests sent to owner & actual time granted by the owner as of VO
-Identify attempts to accelerate work
-Prepare activity duration & relationship variance tables to quantify duration delays
-Identify any independent concurrent delays
-Determine out of sequence
-Prepare narratives with supporting documentation

🚧4》𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐦𝐬 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬 𝐑𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐐𝐮𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬 & 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐬

-Review contractor’s bid estimate calculation
-Determine if bid was reasonable
-Review contractor’s budget noting any differences from bid estimate
-Evaluate approved, pending & disputed project VO
-Determine if approved VO include field & overhead cost
-Prepare quantity variance analysis
-Prepare cost variance analysis
-Obtain data with respect to labor man-hours
-Determine if contractor expended additional cost on acceleration
-Determine if VO resulting from loss of productivity costs

@etconp

ታምራት  ፕሌት እና ጄቦልት አቅራቢ

📌ፕሌትና ጄቦልት በፈለጉት አይነት የተዘጋጀ አለን

✂️ላሜራ መቁረጫ መብሻና  ማጠፊያ ማሽኖች አሉን

🔗ፌሮ (ቶንዲኖ) ጥርስ እናበጃለን እንዲሁም እናጥፋለን

📐ማንኛዉንም የሞደፊክ ስራዎችን እንሰራለን

📍ኢትዮጵያ ዉስጥ የትም እንልክሎታለን

አድራሻችን፦ ቁ.1 አዉቶብስ ተራ(መሳለሚያ)
                    ቁ.2 መርካቶ
                    ቁ.3 ተክለሀይማኖት

0904040477
0911016833

#ADVERTISEMENTS

📢📢 #Big_Discount
Class start 👉#ሀምሌ_13

                                    Price
Ms_project  3000    2200 birr😱
Primavera    2800    2300😱
Auto_CAD 4200 2000😱
ETABS 2800 2100

⚡️Today's decision is the basis for tomorrow!

⚡️Decide Today!

⚡️Get more skill by the day! Increase your employability!

⚡️consideration is on First come First serve basis.

🏃🏃‍♀Hurry up, we have LIMITED space!


Get your:-
☞- #Professional skill
☞- #Certification and
☞- #cost_effective training with us.

#yehatraining #skilldevelopment #certificate  #quantityserving
#addisabebaethiopia #training_center
#project_management_training
#training #constructionsoftware

For further info
Contact us :+251993749494 | @yehaengineering
🌐 http://yehaengineeringplc.com

#Address:- Mexico around st. lideta, ፌዛክ የገበያ ማዕከል 7th floor, #701

"Let's walk what we talk!"

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📍Head Office
Location: Derar Mall 9th floor opposite to Sahlite Mihret Church

📱 +251 929 53 1707
📱 +251 929 93 9743

#ethiopia #theklinker #ektceramics #construction #admixture #ceramic #paint #sika #jotun #aquapa #primacera #hanbon #tesaassaabloy #spc #tiles #pprpipe #doorlock #sanitarywares #buildingmaterials

👉What is Fibre-reinforced concrete

🚧Fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete that has fibrous materials mixed in to increase the concrete's durability and structural integrity.

FRC has small, short, and discreet fibres that are randomly oriented yet uniformly distributed throughout the concrete.

The fibres can be circular or flat, and often makeup one to three per cent of the concrete mix's total volume.

Common fibres used in reinforced concrete include steel, glass, synthetic, and natural fibres.

⭐️Why fibres are used?

On its own, concrete lacks tensile strength and is prone to cracking But fibre-reinforced concrete can improve tensile strength and control cracking in concrete structures that are often caused by plastic shrinkage and drying shrinkage.

Fibres in concrete can also reduce the permeability of concrete, which limits the amount of water that bleeds out, further reducing shrinkage cracking during curing.

💫The necessity of Fiber Reinforced Concrete

1- It increases the tensile strength of the concrete.
2- It reduces the air voids and water voids the inherent porosity of gel.
3- It increases the durability of the concrete.
4- Fibers such as graphite and glass have excellent resistance to creep, while the same is not true for most resins. Therefore, the orientation and volume of fibres have a significant influence on the creep performance of rebars/tendons.
5- Reinforced concrete itself is a composite material, where the reinforcement acts as the strengthening fibre and the concrete as the matrix. It is therefore imperative that the behaviour under thermal stresses for the two materials be similar so that the differential deformations of concrete and the reinforcement are minimized.
6- It has been recognized that the addition of small, closely spaced and uniformly dispersed fibres to concrete would act as crack arrester and would substantially improve its static and dynamic properties.

🌟Types of Fibers

1- Steel fibres
2-  Glass fibres 
3- Carbon Fibers
4- Cellulose Fibers
5- Synthetic Fibers
6-  Natural Fibers

🏷Advantages Of Fibre Reinforced Concrete :

1- High modulus of elasticity for effective long-term reinforcement, even in the hardened concrete. Does not rust nor corrode and requires no minimum cover.
2- Ideal aspect ratio (i.e. the relationship between Fiber diameter and length) which makes them excellent for early-age performance.
3- Easily placed, Cast, Sprayed and less labour intensive than placing rebar.
4- Greater retained toughness in conventional concrete mixes.
5-  Higher flexural strength, depending on the addition rate.
6- Can be made into thin sheets or irregular shapes.
7- FRC possesses enough plasticity to go under large deformation once the peak load has been reached.
8-  Increased durability and high flexural rigidity. 9- Reduced permeability, bleeding, and formation of microcracks. 10- Minimum weathering effect. 11. Reduces deflection. 12. Minimum corrosion.

🏷Disadvantages Of Fibre Reinforced Concrete:

1- Fibres are costly.
2- The fibres should be uniformly distributed in concrete because they may not mix well and form lumps.
3- The size of the coarse aggregate is restricted to 10 mm.
4- Mixing of fibres in large volume could be tedious.
5- Construction with FRC skilled labours.

@etconp