👉ስለ STAIRS ትንሽ ጠቃሚ ሃሳብ እንማማር 👇

🚧Calculations for the construction of stairs, ramps and guards are set out in various national building regulations.

💫The guidelines here are based on German standards.

▶️Dwellings with no more than two flats must have an effective stair width of at least 0.80 m and 17/29 rise-to-tread ratio. Stairs which are not strictly covered by building regulations may be as little as 0.50m wide and have a 21/21 ratio.

⏺Stairs governed by building regulations must have a width of 1.00m and a ratio of 17/28.

⏺In high rise flats they must be 1.25 m wide

⏺The length of stair runs from 23 steps up to 18 steps --> @ Landing length = n times the length of stride + 1 depth of step (e.g. with a rise-to-tread ratio of 17/29 = 1 x 63 + 29 = 92 cm or 2 x 63 + 29 = 1.55 m).

⏺Doors opening into the stairwell must not restrict the effective width.

▶️The time required for complete evacuation must be calculated for stair widths in public buildings or theatres. Such staircases or front entrance steps are climbed slowly, so they can have a more gradual ascent.

▶️A staircase at a side entrance or emergency stairs should make a rapid descent easy.

▶️The experiences one has of ascending and descending stairs varies greatly with the stair design, for example there is a significant difference between an interior domestic design and a grand flight of entrance steps.

⏺Climbing stairs takes on average seven times as much energy as walking on the flat.

⏺From the physiological point of view, the best use of 'climbing effort' is with an angle of incline of 30° and a ratio of rise of:  rise of step/going of step; r/g= 17/29.

▶️The angle of rise is determined by the length of an adult's stride (about 61-64cm). To arrive at the optimum rise, which takes the least energy, the following formula can be applied: 2r+ g= 63cm (1 stride)

▶️In the dimensioning and design of flights of stairs, the function and purpose of the staircase is of primary importance, taking in the factors mentioned above.

▶️Not only is the gaining of height important, but also the way that the height is gained. For front door steps in frequent use, low steps of 16 x 30cm are preferable.

⏹However, stairs in a workplace, or emergency stairs, should enable height to be gained rapidly.

⏺Every main staircase must be set in its own continuous stairwell, which together with its access routes and exit to the open air, should be designed and arranged so as to ensure its safe use as an emergency exit. The width of the exit should be  greater than or equal tothe width of the staircase.

@etconp

👉እስቲ ኣሁን ደሞ ስለ lap length , Development length,Anchorage length ትንሽ እንንገራቹ።

🏷1. ላፕ ሌንግዝ (lap length) - ተፈላጊ የብረት (ፌሮ) ርዝመት
ውጥረትን (stresses) ከአንድ ብረት ወደሌላ የሚተላለፍበት ነዉ

⏺The lap length varies from member to member. Lap length for tension members = 40d

⏺Lap length for compression members = 50d Where, d = Diameter of bars.

🏷2. ደቨሎፕመንት ሌንግዝ (Development length) -ተፈላጊ
የብረት ርዝመት ውጥረትን (stresses) ከብረቱ ወደ ኮንክሪቱ የሚተላለፍበት ነው።

🏷3. አንኮሬጅ ሌንግዝ (Anchorage length) - ይህ ርዝመት አይነት በቂ የሆነ ደቨሎፕመንት ሌንግዝ (development
length ) በሌለባቸው በ Support / fixed ends ላይ provide የምናረገው ርዝመት ነው።

@etconp

👉High strength concrete

➡High strength concrete (HSC) may be defined as concrete with a specified characteristic cube
strength between 60 and 100 N/mm , although higher strengths have been achieved and used.

▶Strength levels of 80 to 100 N/mm and even higher are being used for both precast and in-situ work in All over the world.

▶The main applications for HSC in-situ concrete construction are in offshore structures, columns for tall buildings, long-span bridges and other highway structures

▶The main advantage is the reduction in size of compression elements and/or the amount of longitudinal reinforcement required.

▶The methods and technology for producing high strength concrete are not substantially different from those required for normal strength concrete.
The target water/cement ratio should be in the range 0.30–0.35 or even lower.

⭐️HSC can be produced with all of the cements and cement
replacements (additions).
A wide range of aggregates can be used though crushed rock aggregates (of suitably high crushing value) are preferable.
Superplasticisers / high range water reducers should be used to achieve maximum water reduction, although plasticisers may be adequate for lower strength HSC (C-60 to C-70)

⏺Silica fume (microsilica) or metakaoline can be used to enhance the strength at high levels (C80 and above), but is not needed generally at the lower end (C60 to C80).

💫The terms "High performance concrete" and "High strength concrete" are often taken to mean the same thing.

⏺However, as indicated, "High performance" strictly relates to a concrete that has been designed to have good specific characteristics, such as high resistance to chloride ingress or high abrasion resistance.

▶️As a result it may also have a high strength, but this is not the main consideration.

@etconp

👉Why don't we use circular beams in construction or in structures?

💫Before we look at the reasons, please have a look at the framed structure where the conventional Rectangular section has been adapted :                                                                                               
🚧1.Formwork

Very difficult It has to be made out of either MS sheets or Aluminum sections.

Fixing it horizontally is more challenging since the base of the beam form work shall be semi circular.

The conventional methods of supporting with wooden CHABI is not suitable.

The Formwork shall need to have a provision on the top for pouring concrete.

🚧2.The casting

Imagine that a conventional letter box is laid Horizontality and you have to pour concrete through the opening at the top.

The concrete has to be high slump concrete so that it moves to all crevices of the section.

Finishing the top portion of the beam shall be a highly skilled job.

🚧3. The de -shuttering :

It shall not be possible to first strike off the sides and then the beam bottom .

The form work shall have to be removed in two halves after the concrete attains the strength.

⭐️Hope you’re clear with certain difficulties associated with the circular sections.

@etconp

👉አለምአቀፍ የህንጻ ንድፍ ውድድር
ዝርዝሩን ከታች ይመልከቱ።

💫ውድድሩ ለተማሪዎች፣ ለህንጻነዳፊዎች፣ ለመሀንዲሶች እና ለሌሎችም ክፍት ነው።

⭐️𝐍𝐄𝐖 𝐊𝐀𝐈𝐑𝐀 𝐋𝐎𝐎𝐑𝐎 𝐀𝐑𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐓𝐄𝐂𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍

2025’s Edition – Nursery School in Africa

We are thrilled to announce the opening of the 2025 Kaira Looro Architecture Competition! This year’s theme is the design of a Nursery School for rural areas in Sub-Saharan Africa. The aim is to create a safe, inclusive, and sustainable educational architeture where children can learn, play, and grow in an inspiring environment, promoting their development and well-being.

Participation is open to architects, students, designers, engineers, and anyone eager to contribute to this global cause. You can participate individually or as a team.

𝐀𝐖𝐀𝐑𝐃𝐒
As per tradition, the competition also aims to launch young architectural talents into the international arena by awarding prestigious prizes and professional growth opportunities. Some of the most significant awards include:
𝟏𝐬𝐭 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐳𝐞: €5,000 + Internship at Kengo Kuma & Associates in Japan + Construction.
𝟐𝐧𝐝 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐳𝐞: €2,000 + Internship at one of the following: Benedetta Tagliabue EMBT (Spain), Amanda Levete Architects (UK), or SBGA Blengini Ghirardelli (Italy).
𝟑𝐫𝐝 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐳𝐞: €1,000 + Internship at one of the following: EMBT (Spain), ALA (UK), or SBGA (Italy).

Others awards: 2 honourable mentions, 5 special mentions, 20 finalists, 20 Top 50, International visibility, Exhibits in exhibitions, events and seminars, official certificates and many others.

𝐉𝐔𝐑𝐘
The jury of Kaira Looro is made up of some of the world’s most renowned and award-winning architects worldwide, such as:Kengo Kuma (Kengo Kuma & Associates), Benedetta Tagliabue (Benedetta Tagliabue – EMBT Architects), Rafael Aranda, Carme Pigem, Ramón (RCR Arquitectes), Mario Cucinella (Mario Cucinella Architects), David Adjaye (Adjaye Associates),  Amanda Levete (Amanda Levete Architects), Manuel Aires Mateus (Aires Mateus Architects), Giancarlo Mazzanti (El Equipo Mazzanti), Agostino Ghirardelli (SBGA | Blengini Ghirardelli), Raul Pantaleo (TAM Associati), Emmanuelle Moureaux (Emmanuelle Moureaux Architecture + Design), Saad El Kabbaj, Driss Kettani, Mohamed Amine Siana

The Early Registration will open on 10th January 2024.

For this edition we are proud to collaborate with leading global media partners, including Archilovers, The Plan, Casabella, DesignBoom, Tectonica, World Architecture Community, Platform, Worl Architects, Amazing Architecture, A+E, Archiportale, Apsaidal, Go Architecture, E-Archtiect, Architektura & Biznes, Uche Okeke Legacy, Toffu, Archetype, Competitions Archi, Architektura, Wettbewrbe, Poject Baikal, Ru Archi.

All competition proceeds will be donated to support charity projects by Balouo Salo in Africa aimed to improve life condition if rural communities.

Join the competition and help build a brighter future.
Register now at www.kairalooro.com

@etconp

👉በዩናይትድ ስቴትስ ኦክላሃማ ውስጥ በአሜሪካ ከሚገኙ ሰማይ ጠቀስ ሕንፃዎች የሚበልጥ ግዙፍ ፕሮጀክት የበረራ እክል ይፈጥራል በሚል ምክንያት ግንባታው መስተጓጓል ሊፈጠርበት ችሏል።

🚧"The Legends Tower" በሚል የተሰየመውና 581 ሜትር ርዝመት የሚኖረው በኦክላሃማ ከተማ ሊገነባ የነበረው ሰማይ ጠቀስ ሕንፃ በኒውዮርክ ከተማ ከሚገኘውና በአሜሪካ ቀዳሚው ሰማይ ጠቀስ ሕንፃ ከሆነው World Trade Centre በ41 ሜትር የሚረዝም ነው።

💫የኦክላሃማ ከተማ ኤርፖርቶች ዳይሬክተር ሕንፃው ከተገነባ የአውሮፕላኖች የበረራ ሰአት እንዲጨምር ያደርጋል ብለዋል።

🏷ገንቢዎቹ የሕንፃውን ዲዛይን ሲሰሩ በአካባቢው የሚገኘውን Rogers World Airport እና Tinker Air Force Base ግንዛቤ ውስጥ መክተት ነበረባቸው ተብሏል።

@etconp

Intercon Construction Chemicals 
    
👉 Authorized agent of MC (Conmix), Weber and SIMENTEK

● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Concrete Repair, Grout   
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers 
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat, Rush Coat
● Quartz, Contextra
● Specialized paints (Thermal and Insulation Paints, Street and Playground Paints)
● Floor hardener, Epoxy              
● Geotextiles, Geo-membranes and other construction chemicals and materials

Tel: 0961955555 or 0961955559
Address: Signal, around signal mall

ታምራት  ፕሌት እና ጄቦልት አቅራቢ

👉ከ አባይ ግድብ እስከ ኮሪደር ልማት

ከግለሰብ ቤቶች እስከ ተቋማት እና

መጋዘኖች በሁሉም የኢትዮጽያ ክፍል

አሻራችንን አሳርፈናል

🔰ምን ይፈልጋሉ?

✂️ላሜራ መቁረጫ ÷ ማጠፊያ እና መብሻ ማሽኖች አሉን

🔗ፌሮ (ቶንዲኖ) ጥርስ ማስበጀት ወይንም ማሳጠፍ ካሰቡ ለሱም ማሽኑ በጃችን ነዉ

📐ማንኛዉንም የሞደፊክ ስራዎችን የሚሰሩ ብቁ ባለሙያዎችም አሉን

☎️ይደዉሉልን ያማክሩን

📍ኢትዮጵያ ዉስጥ የትም እንልክሎታለን

አድራሻችን፦
                    ቁ.1 መርካቶ
                    ቁ.2 ተክለሀይማኖት
                     ቁ.3 አየር ጤና

0904040477
0911016833

👉What are efficient ways to sound proof A room?
 
🚧Double, Air-gapped Walls

⏺This one was key, especially to keep outside sound out and instrument sounds in (like my drums)! Inside of the cinder-block garage, we built a room using 2×4’s (or maybe 2×6’s). We then built an ever-so-slightly smaller room inside of it, leaving about 4″ between the outer wall and the inner one. This air-gap helped block transmission of sound. Inside each wall we used fiberglass insulation.

🚧Double Sheet Rock

⏺On the walls mentioned above we used two sheets of 5/8″ sheet rock, not just one. This provided more mass, also good for blocking sound.

🚧Foam Egg Crates, Foam Rubber, Carpet

⏺We got lucky and found a dozen sheets of foam egg crate at a building auction and bought it for what one sheet of it would normally cost. We covered the walls in it. We used thick carpet on the floor, and some adhesive foam rubber sheets on the door and outside wall.

🚧Adjacent Mixing tech room

⏺We put the mixing consoles, PC, monitors, and other gear that generated noise in an adjacent room. If we were doing it “right” I probably would have wired up audio jacks to totally isolate the two rooms, but instead we just put a large conduit between the rooms to run the cabling. I stuffed the conduit full of rags to block the PC fan sounds.


🚧Angled Window

⏺We put a window between the studio and the mixing room so the tech could see the band and vice versa.

To prevent the sound from going through, we used two panes of glass.

The one on the mixing room side was mounted in a normal up-and-down position.

The second pane, on the studio side was mounted at about a 45 degree angle, so sounds would be deflected down toward the floor. E.g. (Studio) \ | (Mixing Room).

🚧AC outside of the studio

⏺The studio got pretty hot with all that insulation, so we had to add a window AC unit.

Putting it in the studio was a no-go, so we mounted it in a window in the garage (outside the studio’s double walls) and then fashioned some ducting to run the cool air into the back corner of the studio.

This kept the compressor noise out.

🚧Treating the gear

▶️Finally, we would pick up rattling from drum stands, clicks of guitar pedals, snare vibrations, etc. We fixed this as we went – things like foam, cardboard, electrical tape, and rags all helped.

@etconp

👉Factors Affecting Concrete Compressive Strength

🏷Among the large number of factors affecting the compressive strength of concrete.

💫the following are probably the most important for concretes used in structures.

🚧1.  Water/cement ratio

⏺The strength of concrete is governed in large part by the
ratio of the weight of the water to the weight of the cement for a given volume of concrete.

⏺A lower water/cement ratio reduces the porosity of the hardened concrete and thus increases the number of interlocking solids.

🚧2.  Type of cement

⏺Traditionally, five basic types of Portland cement have been produced:

Normal, Type I:
Modified, Type II:
High early strength, Type III:
Low heat, Type IV:
Sulfate resisting, Type V:

🚧3. Supplementary cementitious materials

⏺Sometimes, a portion of the cement is replaced by materials such as fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, or silica fume to achieve economy, reduction of heat of hydration, and, depending on the materials, improved workability.

🚧4. Aggregate

⏺The strength of concrete is affected by the strength of the aggregate, its surface texture, its grading, and, to a lesser extent, by the maximum size of the aggregate.

🚧5.  Mixing water

⏺There are no standards governing the quality of water for use in mixing concrete.

⏺In most cases, water that is suitable for drinking and that has no pronounced taste or odor may be used

🚧6. Moisture conditions during curing

⏺The development of the compressive strength of concrete is strongly affected by the moisture conditions during curing.

⏺Prolonged moist curing leads to the highest concrete strength

🚧7. Temperature conditions during curing

⏺The effect of curing temperature on strength gain for specimens placed and moist-cured for 28 days under the constant temperatures shown in the figure and then moist-cured at 73°F.

⏺The 7- and 28-day strengths are reduced by cold curing temperatures, although the long-term strength tends to be enhanced.

🚧8. Age of concrete.

Concrete gains strength with age

🚧9. Maturity of concrete

⏺Young concrete gains strength if the concrete remains about a threshold temperature of to or to Maturity is the summation of the product of the difference between the curing temperature and the threshold temperature, and the time the concrete has cured at that temperature

@etconp