👉Grouting

🌟Grout is generally a mixture of water, cement and sand, and is employed in pressure grouting, embedding rebar in masonry walls, connecting sections of pre-cast concrete, filling voids, and sealing joints such as those between tiles.

@etconp

👉LETS DISCUSS ABOUT CEMENT

⚡️PART TWO

🖱4 Rapid Hardening Cement:

⏺This cement can be produced by increasing lime content and burning at high temperature while manufacturing cement.

▶️Grinding to very fine is also necessary Though the initial and final setting time of this cement is the same as that of portland cement, it gains strength in early days.

⏺This property helps in earlier removal of form works and speed in construction activity.

🖱5 Low Heat Cement:

⏺In mass concrete works like construction of dams, heat produced due to hydration of cement will not get dispersed easily.

▶️This may give rise to cracks. Hence in such constructions it is preferable to use low heat cement.

▶️This cement contains low percentage (5%) of tricalcium aluminate(C3A) and higher percentage (46%) of dicalcium silicate (C2S).

🖱6 Pozzolana Cement

⏺Pozzolana is a volcanic power found in Italy. It can be processed from shales and certain types of clay also. In this cement pozzolana material is 10 to 30 per cent. It can resist action of sulphate. It releases less heat during setting. It imparts higher degree of water tightness. Its tensile strength is high but compressive strength is low. It is used for mass concrete works. It is also used in sewage line works.

🖱7 Expanding Cement:

⏺This cement expands as it sets This property is achieved by adding expanding medium like sulpho aluminate and a stabilizing agent to ordinary cement. This is used for filling the cracks in concrete structures.

🖱8 High Alumina Cement

⏺it is manufactured by calcining a mixture of lime and bauxite. It is more resistant to sulphate and acid attack. It develops almost full strength within 24 hours of adding water. It is used for underwater works.

🖱9 Blast Furnace Cement

⏺In the manufacture of pig iron, slag comes out as a waste product. By grinding clinkers of cement with about 60 to 65 per cent of slag, this cement is produced. The properties of this cement are more or less same as ordinary cement, but it is cheap, since it utilise waste product. This cement is durable but it gains the strength slowly and hence needs longer period of curing.

🖱10 Acid Resistant Cement

⏺This cement is produced by adding acid resistant aggregated such as quartz, quartzite, sodium silicate or soluble glass. This cement has good resistance to action of acid and water. It is commonly used in the construction of chemical factories.

🖱11 Sulphate Resistant Cement:

⏺By keeping the percentage of tricalcium aluminate C3A below five per cent in ordinary cement this cement is produced.

▶️It is used in the construction of structures which are likely to be damaged by alkaline conditions. Examples of such structures are canals, culverts etc.

🖱12 Fly Ash Blended Cement:

⏺Fly ash is a byproduct in thermal stations. The particles of fly ash are very minute and they fly in the air, creating air pollution problems. Thermal power stations have to spend lot of money to arrest fly ash and dispose safely. It is found that one of the best way to dispose fly-ash is to mix it with cement in controlled condition and derive some of the beneficial effects on cement. Nowadays cement factories produce the fly ash in their own thermal stations or borrow it from other thermal stations and further process it to make it suitable to blend with cement. 20 to 30% fly ash is used for blending.Fly ash blended cements have superior quality of resistance to weathering action. The ultimate strength gained is the same as that with ordinary portland cement. However strength gained in the initial stage is slow.

@etconp

👉የመጀመርያው የገጸ ምድር ነዳፊ ጌታቸው ማህተመስላሴ አርፈዋል😢

(1921-2016)

⏺The first Ethiopian Landscape Architect has passed😢

▶️ገጸ ምድር ነዳፊ ጌታቸው ማኅተመ ሥላሴ ቀዳማዊ ዓፄ ኀይለ ሥላሴ ወደ ጀርመን  ልከው ካስተማሯቸው መሀንዲሶች  አንዱ ነበሩ።

▶️ከሰሩት አበይት ስራ ውስጥ የአለምአቀፉን የአፍሪካ አዳራሽ ህንጻን አቀማመጥ ማስተካከል እና መኪና ማቆምያውን ጨምሮ የደረጃዎቹንና የፏፏቴውን ስራ የሰሩ ገጸ ምድር ንድፍ ይጠቀሳሉ። 

▶️የአንበሳ አውቶቡስ ሞዴል ያመጡ ሲሆን የአዲስ አበባ የወንዞች ዳርቻዎችና የአዲስ አበባ ከተማ ቤቶች ፕላን ሠርተው ያቀረቡ ናቸው። 

▶️በሕይወት ዘመናቸው የካ ተራራ ጫፍ የሚገኘውና እየፈራረሰ ያለው ዋሻ ሚካኤልን ከመፍረስ ለመታደግ ብዙ ጥረት ያደረጉ ነበሩ።

▶️የኡራኤልንና የብዙዎችን ገዳማትና አድባራት ጥገና እንዲደረግላቸው በራሳቸው ሙያ በነጻ ሠርተው አቅርበው ነበር። አያታቸው ጸሐፌ ትእዛዝ ወልደ መስቀል ታሪኩ የዳግማዊ ምኒልክ ጸሐፌ ትእዛዝ ነበሩ አባታቸውም ደራሲና ሚኒስትር ነበሩ።

▶️አባታቸው የደረሷቸው መጽሐፎችን የአባታቸውና የራሳቸውንም ቅርሶች ለአዲስ አበባ ዩኒቨርስረቲ  አስረክበዋል።

▶️ከዩኒቨርስቲም የክብር ሠርተፊኬትና በዳግማዊ ምኒልክ ዘመን የነበሩ ፎቶ አንሺዎች ያነሷቸው ከ100 ገጽ በላይ የሆነ የፎቶና ጽሑፍ አልበም ተበርክቶላቸዋል።

⏺ቀብራቸው ዛሬ ሰኞ ከቀኑ 9 ሰዓት ሥላሴ ካቴድራል ይፈጸማል።

🖱ምንጭ መክብብ ገብረማርያም፣ በእመቤት ዘውዴ የተዘጋጀ የህይወት ታሪካቸው መጽሀፍ

🫵የ ETCONp ቤተሰብ ለ ቤተሰቦቹ እና ወዳጆቹ መፅናናትን ይመኛል🙏

@etconp

👉የቤት ባለቤትነት ማረገገጫ/ካርታ/ ለምን ይመክናል?

▶️ካርታ ማምከን ማለት ፡- ከዚህ በፊት በተለያየ አግባብ ተሰጥቶ የነበረ የይዞታ ማረጋገጫ ሰነድ በህግ ፊት የፀና እንዳይሆን ወይም ለማንኛውም ህጋዊ አገልግሎት እንዳይውል ማድረግ ማለት ነው።

⏺በማናቸውም ጊዜ የወጡ ካርታዎች ካርታውን ሊያመክን የሚችል ጉዳይ ሲገኝ በየትኛውም ጊዜ እንዲመክኑ ይደረጋል።

▶️ካርታ ሊመክን የሚችልባቸው ዋና ዋና ምክኒያቶች አራት ናቸው።

1ኛ. አንደኛው ምክኒያት ካርታው ወይም ይዞታው በተጭበረበረ ወይም ህጋዊ የይዞታ ማረጋገጫ አሰጣጥን ባልተከተለ መንገድ የተገኘ መሆኑ ሲረጋገጥ

2ኛ. ሁለተኛው ምክኒያት ደግሞ በተለያየ ህጋዊ ምክኒያት የሊዝ ውሉ ሲቋረጥ ነው፡፡

3ኛ. ሶስተኛው በባለይዞታው ዕጅ መኖር ያለበት ካርታ መጥፋቱ ሲረጋገጥ በምትኩ ካርታ መስጠት ተገቢ ሆኖ ሲገኝም ካርታ ሊመክን ይችላል፡፡

4ኛ. አራተኛ በከተማው ካቢኔ ሲወሰን ቀደም ሲል የወጣው ካርታ እንዲመክን ይደረጋል።

🚧የአንድ ካርታ ይምከንልን ጥያቄ ጥቆማ ሲቀርብ ተገቢው ማጣራት ሳይደረግበት ጥቆማው ወይም በጥያወቄው መሰረት ብቻ ካርታ አይመክንም።

⏺ሌላው ከዚህ ጋር ተያይዞ የምንመለከተው ጉዳይ ካርታን አግዶ ስለማቆየት ይሆናል።

⏺አንድ ካርታ ወሳኔ ሳያገኝ በዕግድ ሊቆይ የሚችለው ከሶስት ወር ላልበለጠ ጊዜ ብቻ ሲሆን አንድን ካርታ ለማምከን በቅድሚያ ጉዳዩ ተጣርቶ ውሳኔ እስኪያገኝ ድረስ ካርታው ታግዶ እንዲቆይ ለባለይዞታው እና ለሚመለከታቸው አካላት በክ/ከተማው ፕሮጀክት ጽ/ቤት ኃላፊ አማካኝነት ምክንያቱ ተጠቅሶ በጽሁፍ እንዲያውቁት ማድረግ ይኖርበታል።

▶️በክፍለ ከተማ ደረጃ የተሰጠው የካርታ ይምከን ውሳኔ ላይ የሚነሳ ቅሬታ ለከተማው ፕሮጀክት ጽ/ቤትና ለቢሮው በቅደም ተከተል ቀርቦ ሊታይ ይችላል።

▶️ቅሬታው ተቀባይነት ካገኘ የመከነው ካርታ የዕግድ ደብዳቤ እንዲነሳ ወይም ወደ አገለግሎት እንዲመለስ ይደረጋል። {የይዞታ አስተዳደር አገልግሎት አሰጣጥ መመሪያ ቁ 12/2004፣ አንቀፅ 16}

🌟የ ኮንስትራክሽን ስራ እና ጨረታ ምንለቅበት የቴሌግራም ቻናላችንን ለመቀላቀል

https://t.me/ETCONpWORK