ታምራት  ፕሌት እና ጄቦልት አቅራቢ

👉ሁሉን በአንድ ቦታ የሚያገኙበት እና ለሁሉም ቅርብ

🔰ምን ይፈልጋሉ?

📌ፕሌትና ጄቦልት በፈለጉት አይነት የተዘጋጀ አለን

✂️ላሜራ ማስቆራረጥ ማስበሳት ወይንም ማሳጠፍ ከፈለጉ  እንዳያስቡ ሁሉንም ማሽኖች አስገብተናል

🔗ፌሮ (ቶንዲኖ) ጥርስ ማስበጀት ወይንም ማሳጠፍ ካሰቡ ለሱም ማሽኑ በጃችን ነዉ

📐ማንኛዉንም የሞደፊክ ስራዎችን የሚሰሩ ብቁ ባለሙያዎችም አሉን

☎️ይደዉሉልን ያማክሩን

📍ኢትዮጵያ ዉስጥ የትም እንልክሎታለን

አድራሻችን፦ 1. መርካቶ
                   ቁ.1 አየር ጤና
                    ቁ.3 ተክለሀይማኖት

0904040477
0911016833

👉Waste water engineering

🚧Sludge Treatment

🔸 Sludge Treatment is aimed to achieve volume reduction & strength reduction.

🔸 Volume & strength reduction of sludges are achieved by

🚧sludge Thickening :- By concentrating the sludge by expulsion of water.

🚧Sludge digestion :- By anaerobic decomposition to reduce strength.

🚧Sludge conditioning :- To improve drainblility of sludges

🚧Sludge dewatering and drying :- Remove remaining moisture from sludge.

♦️ Strength reduction

⭐️Strength reduction of sludge i.e. BOD removal is carried out by anaerobic decomposition known sludge digestion.

🌟Sludge digestion occur in two stages i.e.Acids fermentation and Methane fermentation.

🔸 Sludge digester

📜Sludge are anaerobically digested by using a reactor known as sludge digester.

⏺Diameter of tank :- 3 to 60m

⏺Height of tank :- 6 to 12m

❇️Digestion period depends upon type of microorganisms

~ mesophilic organisms :- 30 to 60 days (Temperature 20℃ - 40℃)

~ Thermophilic organisms :- 15 to 25 days (Temperature 45℃ - 60℃)

🚧Gas production

~ 70% Methane

~ 30% Carbon dioxide

🚧Calorific value (energy content) :- 5200 to 5800 kcal/m3 of CH4

🔸 Digested sludge are dewatered and dried by using solar drying beds known as sludge drying bed.

🔸 Elutriation :- Washing of sludge before dewatering by mechanical driers.

@etconp

👉አንዳንድ የ አለማችን ኣሰገራሚ ህንፃዎች

🌟መገኛውን ቻይና ያደረገው ይህ ህነፃ ከላዩ ላይ ሌላ  ወደ ጎን 250 ሜትር የተገነባ ህንፃ ያለው ሲሆን የአለማችን ትልቁ ና የሰማይ ላይ ድልድይ የሚል ስያሜ አግኝቷል😁

@etconp

👉ከ95 በላይ የመንገድ ፕሮጀክቶች ግንባታቸው መቋረጡ ተነገረ

በኢትዮጵያ የተለያዩ አካባቢዎች በመካሄድ ላይ በሚገኙ ደም አፋሳሽ ግጭቶች ምክንያት ከ95 በላይ የመንገድ ፕሮጀክቶች በከፊል እና ሙሉ ለሙሉ መቋረጣቸውን የኢትዮጵያ የመንገዶች አስተዳደር ለአሐዱ አስታውቋል።

በአማራ ክልል በሰሜኑ ጦርነት ምክንያት ተቋርጠው በድጋሚ ግንባታቸው የተጀመረ ፕሮጀክቶችን በድጋሚ ለማቋረጥ መገደዳቸውንም ሰምተናል።

በኢትዮጵያ የመንገዶች አስተዳደር የፕላን እና ፕሮግራም ዳይሬክተር ቆንጅት ዓለሙ፤ በ2016 የበጀት ዓመት መጠናቀቅ የሚገባቸውን ፕሮጀክቶች ወደ 2017 የበጀት ዓመት ለማዘዋወር መገደዳቸውን ነግረውናል።

"የተቋረጡ ፕሮጀክቶችን መልሶ ማስቀጠል በርካታ ኪሳራዎች አሉት፣ ብዙ ሂደቶችን ያልፋል" ያሉን ዳይሬክተሯ ግንባታውን በድጋሚ ለማስጀመር ጨረታ ሲወጣ ተጫራቾች የማይገኙበት ጊዜ እንደሚያጋጥምም አንስተዋል።

ለወራት የተቋረጡ ፕሮጀክቶች በድጋሚ ሲጀመሩ የሚኖረው የዋጋ ልዩነት በተያዘለት በጀት እንዳይጠናቀቅና ለተጨማሪ ኪሳራ እንደሚዳርግ አንስተዋል።

Via Ahadu Radio

@etconp

👉Standard box size

🏷All box dimensions are written as

▶️width*length*depth

1. 40*50*20cm (mostly for cement mortar)
2. 40*50*18cm (for C-25 concrete)
3. 40*50*16cm (for C-30 concrete)
4. 40*50*14cm (for C-40 concrete but depend on mix design )

⭐️Hand mix shall be allowed for class II  concrete ,& shall not  be allowed for  concrete of class  C-20 & above or  class I concrete

🔸C-7
mechanical mix ratio =1:4:8
Hand mix ratio =1:3.5:8
🔸C-15
mechanical  mix ratio =1:3:6
hand  mix ratio =1:3:4
🔸C-20
mechanical mix ratio =1:2:4
🔸C-25
mix ratio=1:2:3
🔸C-30
mechanical mix ratio =1:2:3
🔸C-40
mix ratio =1:1.5:3

@etconp

👉4 things we should have to know at the Construction Site And Office internship

💫1. Site work

🚧1.1 changing theoretical science to practical world

⏺Shear Force

⏺Moment Force

⏺Active pressure

⏺Passive pressure

⏺Torsion

⏺Flexure

⏺Mix design

⏺Eccentricity on column

⏺Deflection

⏺Buckling

⏺Joints
...

🚧1.2 Technical work

⏺Setting out

⏺Leveling reading

⏺Concrete casting (for footing, column, beam, slab, shearwall)

⏺Form work (adjustment and removal days)

💫2. Office work

▶️Knowledge of drawing

▶️Takeoff sheet

▶️BOQ

▶️payment certificate

▶️Daily diary

▶️Weekly and monthly diary

▶️Scheduling

▶️Contract adminstration

💫3. Software

▶️Etabs

▶️Sap

▶️Safe

▶️Eagle point

▶️MS Project

▶️Excel

▶️Auto cad and Etc...

💫4. Building codes,Ethics and Skills

⏺EBCS and ERA manual from Code

🔰A. Work ethics during internship

1. Learn how to talk openly, manage various construction activity at a site.

2. Be super active.

3. Forget about being fair and worrying about body complexion.

4. Prepare yourself to work in harsh climate conditions.

5. Be patient Never lose your temper

6. Don't tend to panic in case of pressure It will make things more worth.

🚧B. Skill to upgrade during internship

1. Practically skill
2. Theoretical skill
3. Inter personal communication skill
4. Team playing skill
5. Leadership skill
6. Work ethics
7. Enterpreneurship skill
8. Confidence

@etconp

Intercon Construction Chemicals 
    
👉 Authorized agent of MC (Conmix), Weber and SIMENTEK

● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Concrete Repair, Grout   
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers 
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat, Rush Coat
● Quartz, Contextra
● Specialized paints (Thermal and Insulation Paints, Street and Playground Paints)
● Floor hardener, Epoxy              
● Geotextiles, Geo-membranes and other construction chemicals and materials

Tel: 0961955555 or 0961955559
Address: Signal, around signal mall

ታምራት  ፕሌት እና ጄቦልት አቅራቢ

👉ሁሉን በአንድ ቦታ የሚያገኙበት እና ለሁሉም ቅርብ

🔰ምን ይፈልጋሉ?

📌ፕሌትና ጄቦልት በፈለጉት አይነት የተዘጋጀ አለን

✂️ላሜራ ማስቆራረጥ ማስበሳት ወይንም ማሳጠፍ ከፈለጉ  እንዳያስቡ ሁሉንም ማሽኖች አስገብተናል

🔗ፌሮ (ቶንዲኖ) ጥርስ ማስበጀት ወይንም ማሳጠፍ ካሰቡ ለሱም ማሽኑ በጃችን ነዉ

📐ማንኛዉንም የሞደፊክ ስራዎችን የሚሰሩ ብቁ ባለሙያዎችም አሉን

☎️ይደዉሉልን ያማክሩን

📍ኢትዮጵያ ዉስጥ የትም እንልክሎታለን

አድራሻችን፦ ቁ.1 አዉቶብስ ተራ(መሳለሚያ)
                    ቁ.2 መርካቶ
                    ቁ.3 ተክለሀይማኖት

0904040477
0911016833

🔴 Types of Concrete Defects

🚧Causes & their Prevention

👉1. Cracking

⏺Various reasons for cracking are improper mix design, insufficient curing, omission of expansion and contraction joints, use of high slump concrete mix, unsuitable sub-grade etc. etconp

▶️Prevention, use low water – cement ratio maximize the coarse aggregate in concrete mix, admixtures containing calcium chloride must be avoided.

👉2. Crazing

⏺Crazing also called as pattern cracking or map cracking, is the formation of closely spaced shallow cracks in an uneven manner.

⏺Crazing occurs due to rapid hardening of top surface of concrete due to high temperatures or if the mix contains excess water content or due to insufficient curing.

⏺Pattern cracking can be avoided by proper curing, by dampening the sub-grade to resist absorption of water from concrete, by providing protection to the surface from rapid temperature changes.

👉3. Blistering & Delamintaion

⏺Blistering is the formation of hollow bumps of different sizes on concrete surface due to entrapped air under the finished concrete surface. etconp

▶️It may cause due to excessive vibration of concrete mix or presence of excess entrapped air in mix or due to improper finishing.

⏺Delamination is also similar to blistering In this case also, top surface of concrete gets separated from underlying concrete.

⏺Hardening of top layer of concrete before the hardening of underlying concrete will lead to delamination.

⏺It can be prevented by using good proportion of ingredients in concrete mix, by covering the top surface which reduces evaporation and using appropriate techniques for placing and finishing.

👉4. Dusting

⏺Dusting, also called as chalking is the formation of fine and loose powdered concrete on the hardened concrete by disintegration. etconp

⏺This happens due to the presence of excess amount of water in concrete.

▶️To avoid dusting, use low slump concrete mix to obtain hard concrete surface with good wear resistance.

👉5. Curling

⏺When a concrete slab is distorted into curved shape by upward or downward movement of edges or corners, it is called curling. It occurs mainly due to the differences in moisture content or temperature between slab surface (top) and slab base (bottom).

▶️To prevent curling, use low shrink concrete mix, provide control joints, provide heavy reinforcement at edges or provide edges with great thickness.

👉6. Efflorescence

⏺Efflorescence is the formation of deposits of salts on the concrete surface.

⏺Formed salts generally white in color It can be prevented by using clean and pure water for mixing, using chemically ineffective aggregates etc.

▶️And make sure that cement should not contain alkalis more than 1% of its weight.

👉7. Scaling and Spalling

⏺Scaling and spalling, in both the cases concrete surface gets deteriorated and flaking of concrete occurs.

▶️The main cause for this type of cases is penetration of water through concrete surface. This makes steel gets corroded and spalling or scaling may occurs.

@etconp

👉Advantages of using mineral admixture in cement

🚧Fly ash

-Improves strength and durability of concrete
-Increased resistance towards chemical attacks
-Better workability

🚧Blast furnace slag

-Improved durability
Increased setting time
-Strength gain continues for a long period of time
-Reduced risk of damages by alkali – silica reaction
-Resistant to chloride and sulphate attacks

🚧Silica fumes

-Better compressive strength and resistance to abrasion
-Reduced permeability of chloride ions
-Improved workability
-Reduces bleeding

🚧Rice husky ash

-Heat of hydration of concrete is reduced
-Permeability of concrete is reduced
-Improved resistance to chloride and sulphate attacks

🚧Metakaolin

-Increased compressive & flexural strengths
-Reduced permeability
-More resistant to chemical attacks
-Durability is increased

@etconp

ቅድመ ክፍያ መቼ መለቀቅ አለበት?

🏷የግንባታ ማስጀመሪያ ቅድመ ክፍያ (Advance Payment) ለተቋራጩ ለመልቀቅ አሠሪው ባለቤት የቅድመክፍያ ዋስትና (Advance Payment bond) መያዝ አለበት።

▶️ነገር ግን ምንም እንኳን ማስያዣ ቢቀበልም ለተቋራጩ የግንባታ ቦታውን የማስረከብ ሥራ  (site handover) ሳይፈጽም ቅድመ ክፍያ ከለቀቀ በተቋራጩ አካል ሊካድ ይችላል።

⏺በመሆኑም የግንባታ ቦታ ርክክብ ሳይፈጸም ቅድመ ክፍያ መልቀቅ አይገባም።

🚧የ ፍታብሔር ህጉም "ተቋራጩ አሠሪው እያወቀ ሥራውን ከጀመረ ወይም አስቀድሞ (ሥራውን ባይጀምርም) ከዋጋው ላይ ማስጀመሪያ (አድቫንስ) ከተቀበለ ውል ለመኖሩ በቂ ማረጋገጫ ይሆናል" በማለት በፍትሐ ብሔር ቁጥር 3020 (2)ምላይ ደንግጓል።

⏺በመሆኑም ቦታውን ተቋራጩ በግልጽ ተረክቦ የሚከፈል የማስጀመሪያ ክፍያ እንደሕጋዊ ውል ይቆጠራል።

▶️በዚህ ጉዳይ እስካሁን ድረስ በኢትዮጵያ ፌደራል ከፍተኛ ፍርድ ቤት ብቻ ወደ 18 የሚደርሱ ክሶች ቀርበው ታይተዋል።

#ConstructionLaw

❇️ለማንኛውም አስተያየትዎ  እና ሀሳብዎ ይጻፉልን!

🌟ሌላኛው የ ስራ ቅጥር እና ጨረታች ሚወጡበት ቻናል ከታች ባለው ሊንክ ለመቀላቀል @ETCONpWORK ይግቡ

📩ሊጽፉልን ካሰቡ @ETCONpBOT

💫ቲክቶክ:👇

www.tiktok.com/@etconp7

@etconp

👉የቤት እድሳት ለማድረግ ለግንባታ ፈቃድ እስከ 100 ሺህ ብር ጉቦ እየተጠየቁ እንደሆነ የለሚ ኩራ ነዋሪዎች ተናገሩ

🚧በለሚ ኩራ ክፍለ ከተማ የተለያዩ ወረዳዎች ውስጥ የሚገኙ ነዋሪዎች ቤታቸውን ወይም የንግድ ሱቆቻቸውን ለማደስ ፈልገው የግንባታ ፈቃድ ሲጠይቁ እስከ 100 ሺህ ብር ጉቦ አምጡ እየተባሉ እንደሆነ ለመሠረት ሚድያ ተናግረዋል።

❇️"እኔ ለምሳሌ ሰሚት ፍየል ቤት አካባቢ ነዋሪ ነኝ፣ የንግድ ቤቴን ትንሽ ለማደስ ፈቃድ ጠይቄ 80 ሺህ ብር ስጠን ተብያለሁ" ያሉ አንድ ጥቆማ ሰጪ ይህም ያለምንም ሀፍረት በግልፅ እንደሚደረግ ተናግረዋል።

⏺የክፍለ ከተማው ወረዳ 10 ነዋሪ ደግሞ ከዚህም በተጨማሪ ይህ ብር ቢከፈል እንኳን ደንቦች ከ3 እስከ 4 ሆነው በቡድን በመምጣት ለአንድ ሰው እስከ 10 ሺህ ብር አምጡ እንደሚሉ በምሬት ተናግረዋል።

⏺"መስራትም፣ አለመስራትም አማራጭ እየሆነ እየሆነ አይደለም የህዝብ አገልጋይ ተብለው የተቀመጡ ሰዎች ይህን ያህል ገንዘብ ከጉቦ ተቀብለው ካለ ምንም ሀፍረት በቀጥታ ወደ ባንክ አካውንታቸው ሲያስገቡ ማየት ያሳዝናል" ብለው አስተያየታቸውን የሰጡን ደግሞ የሰሚት ኖክ አካባቢ ነዋሪ የሆኑ ነዋሪ ናቸው።

Via Meseret Media

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👉Preparation Process of the Variation Orders

🚧Variation orders can be either requested by the contractor or issued by the client. Processes followed in these cases slightly differ from each other.

🏷If the variation order is requested by the contractor:

1. The contractor prepares a variation order request form and submits it to the client.

2. Variation order request is reviewed and evaluated by the client and if it is found necessary the request is approved.

3. After the approval of the request for variation order, the proposed document is discussed between the client and the contractor including the effect of the variations on time and cost.

4. Upon agreement, final version of the signed variation order including the scheduling and cost breakdown is submitted to the client by the contractor.

5. Client accepts and signs the variation order and the work described in the variation order may start.

💫if the variation order is issued by the client:

1. The need for a variation is determined by the client and the variation order proposal is initiated.

2. Initiator variation order is prepared and submitted to the contractor.

3. Proposed variation order is evaluated by the contractor.

4. After the review of the contractor, the proposed document is discussed between the client and the contractor including the effect of the variations on time and cost.

5 .Upon agreement, final version of the signed variation order including the scheduling and cost breakdown is submitted to the client by the contractor.

6. Client accepts and signs the variation order and the work described in the variation order may start.

⭐️It must be noted that if by any reason the variation is deemed unnecessary for the client, then the client has the right to deny the variation order.
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