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๐Ÿ”จ World Construction Engineering
Latest updates, tips, and tutorials on building, civil engineering, and construction in World.
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๐Ÿ“จ @Philemona7 Or @ETCONpBOT

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แŒฅแ‹ซแ‰„แฆ แ‰ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆฅแˆซ แˆ‚แ‹ฐแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแˆ˜แŒก แ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แˆ˜แˆˆแ‹‹แ‹ˆแŒฆแ‰ฝ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‰ แ‹แˆ แŠจแ‰ฐแ‹ซแ‹˜แ‹ แˆฅแˆซ แ‹จแˆšแŒจแˆแˆฉ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‹จแˆšแ‰€แŠ•แˆฑ แˆแ‹ฉแАแ‰ถแ‰ฝ (Variation) แˆฒแŠ–แˆฉ แ‰ฐแ‰†แŒฃแŒฃแˆช แˆ˜แˆแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆต แ‰ แˆซแˆฑ แ‹แˆณแŠ” แˆ›แŒฝแ‹ฐแ‰… แ‹จแˆšแ‰ฝแˆˆแ‹ แ‰ แ‹แˆ แŠจแ‰ฐแ‹ซแ‹˜แ‹ แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠจแˆตแŠ•แ‰ต แแˆญแˆฐแŠ•แ‰ต แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠซแˆแŒจแˆ˜แˆจ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แŠซแˆแ‰€แАแˆฐ แАแ‹? @etconp

๐Ÿ“ฉ(แˆˆแˆ˜แˆแˆตแ‹Ž แˆ…แŒ‹แ‹Š แ‹ตแŒ‹แ แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹ แˆ›แ‰ฅแˆซแˆชแ‹ซ แ‰ แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ซแ‹จแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆตแŒซแ‹ แˆ‹แ‹ญ /comment box/ แ‹ญแˆตแŒก)
Anonymous Quiz
40%
๐Ÿ”˜ แˆ€) 10%
35%
๐Ÿ”˜ แˆˆ) 15%
15%
๐Ÿ”˜ แˆ) 20%
10%
๐Ÿ”˜ แˆ˜) 30%
๐Ÿ‘11โค8
๐Ÿ‘‰แˆตแˆˆแˆฅแˆซ แˆ˜แˆˆแ‹‹แ‹ˆแŒฅ (แŒญแˆ›แˆช แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‰…แŠ“แˆฝ - Variation)

๐Ÿ’ซแ‰ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆ‚แ‹ฐแ‰ต แ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แˆ˜แˆˆแ‹‹แ‹ˆแŒฅ (Variation) แ‹จแˆšแŠจแˆฐแ‰ต แŠ แŒ‹แŒฃแˆš แˆฒแˆ†แŠ• แ‹ญแˆ… แˆ˜แˆˆแ‹‹แ‹ˆแŒฅ แ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แˆ˜แ‰€แАแˆต แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แˆ˜แŒจแˆ˜แˆญ แˆŠแˆ†แŠ• แ‹ญแ‰ฝแˆ‹แˆแข

๐Ÿทแ‹ญแˆ… แ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แˆ˜แˆˆแ‹‹แ‹ˆแŒฅ แ‰ แ‰ฐแ‰†แŒฃแŒฃแˆช แˆ˜แˆแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆฑ (Engineer) แ‰ตแ‹•แ‹›แ‹ แ‹จแˆšแŠจแŠ“แ‹ˆแŠ• แАแ‹แข

โบแАแŒˆแˆญ แŒแŠ• แ‰ 1988 แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ 1992 แˆแˆˆแ‰ฐแŠ› แŠฅแŠ“ แˆฆแˆตแ‰ฐแŠ› แŠฅแ‰ตแˆ แ‰ แ‹ˆแŒฃแ‰ แ‰ต FIDIC 1987 แŠ แŠ•แ‰€แŒฝ (clause) 52.3 แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต แ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แˆ˜แˆˆแ‹‹แ‹ˆแŒกแŠ• แ‰ฐแ‰†แŒฃแŒฃแˆช แˆ˜แˆแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆฑ แˆˆแŠ แˆ แˆชแ‹ แŠ แŠซแˆ แˆณแ‹ซแˆณแ‹แ‰… แ‹จแˆ›แŒฝแ‹ฐแ‰… แˆ˜แ‰ฅแ‰ณ แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹  แ‹จแ‹แˆ‰แŠ• แŒ แ‰…แˆ‹แˆ‹ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แŠจ15% แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆ›แ‹ญแŒจแˆแˆญ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‹จแˆ›แ‹ญแ‰€แŠ•แˆต แŠฅแˆตแŠจแˆ†แА  แ‹ตแˆจแˆต แ‰ฅแ‰ป แАแ‹แข

๐ŸŒŸแ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แˆ˜แˆˆแ‹‹แ‹ˆแŒก แŠจ15% แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆšแŒจแˆแˆญ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‹จแˆšแ‰€แŠ•แˆต แŠจแˆ†แА แŒแŠ• แŠจแŠ แˆ แˆชแ‹ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‰คแ‰ต (Employer) แŒ‹แˆญ แ‰ฐแ‹ˆแ‹ซแ‹ญแ‰ถ แ‰ แŒ‹แˆซ แ‰ƒแˆˆแŒ‰แ‰ฃแŠค แ‹ˆแˆตแАแ‹ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ• แ‹ญแŒˆแ‰ฃแ‹‹แˆแข

๐Ÿ“œแ‰ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘แˆ แŠจแˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆˆแ‰ฐแАแˆณแ‹ แŒฅแ‹ซแ‰„ แˆ˜แˆตแˆ‰แฆ แˆˆ) 15% แАแ‹แข

โ‡๏ธแˆˆแˆ›แŠ•แŠ›แ‹แˆ แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ซแ‹จแ‰ตแ‹Ž  แŠฅแŠ“ แˆ€แˆณแ‰ฅแ‹Ž แ‹ญแŒปแ‰แˆแŠ•!

๐Ÿ“œแˆˆ แˆตแˆซ แŠฅแŠ“ แŒจแˆจแ‰ณแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆแŠ•แˆˆแ‰…แ‰ แ‰ต แ‰ปแŠ“แˆ แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰€แˆ‹แ‰€แˆ๐Ÿ‘‰ @ETCONpWORK

๐Ÿ“ฉแˆŠแŒฝแ‰แˆแŠ• แŠซแˆฐแ‰ก @ETCONpBOT

๐Ÿ’ซแ‰ฒแŠญแ‰ถแŠญ:๐Ÿ‘‡

www.tiktok.com/@etconp7

@etconp
๐Ÿ‘22โค1
Intercon Construction Chemicals 
    
๐Ÿ‘‰ Authorized agent of MC (Conmix), Weber and SIMENTEK

โ— Concrete Admixtures
โ— Bonding Agents
โ— Waterproofings
โ— Concrete Repair, Grout   
โ— Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers 
โ— Wall Putty, Prime Coat, Rush Coat
โ— Quartz, Contextra
โ— Specialized paints (Thermal and Insulation Paints, Street and Playground Paints)
โ— Floor hardener, Epoxy              
โ— Geotextiles, Geo-membranes and other construction chemicals and materials

Tel: 0961955555 or 0961955559
Address: Signal, around signal mall
โค2๐Ÿ‘1
แ‰ณแˆแˆซแ‰ต  แ•แˆŒแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แŒ„แ‰ฆแˆแ‰ต แŠ แ‰…แˆซแ‰ข

๐Ÿ‘‰แˆแˆ‰แŠ• แ‰ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แ‰ฆแ‰ณ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแŒˆแŠ™แ‰ แ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แˆˆแˆแˆ‰แˆ แ‰…แˆญแ‰ฅ

๐Ÿ”ฐแˆแŠ• แ‹ญแˆแˆแŒ‹แˆ‰?

๐Ÿ“Œแ•แˆŒแ‰ตแŠ“ แŒ„แ‰ฆแˆแ‰ต แ‰ แˆแˆˆแŒ‰แ‰ต แŠ แ‹ญแАแ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ€ แŠ แˆˆแŠ•

โœ‚๏ธแˆ‹แˆœแˆซ แˆ›แˆตแ‰†แˆซแˆจแŒฅ แˆ›แˆตแ‰ แˆณแ‰ต แ‹ˆแ‹ญแŠ•แˆ แˆ›แˆณแŒ แ แŠจแˆแˆˆแŒ‰  แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ซแˆตแ‰ก แˆแˆ‰แŠ•แˆ แˆ›แˆฝแŠ–แ‰ฝ แŠ แˆตแŒˆแ‰ฅแ‰ฐแŠ“แˆ

๐Ÿ”—แŒแˆฎ (แ‰ถแŠ•แ‹ฒแŠ–) แŒฅแˆญแˆต แˆ›แˆตแ‰ แŒ€แ‰ต แ‹ˆแ‹ญแŠ•แˆ แˆ›แˆณแŒ แ แŠซแˆฐแ‰ก แˆˆแˆฑแˆ แˆ›แˆฝแŠ‘ แ‰ แŒƒแ‰ฝแŠ• แАแ‹‰

๐Ÿ“แˆ›แŠ•แŠ›แ‹‰แŠ•แˆ แ‹จแˆžแ‹ฐแŠแŠญ แˆตแˆซแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแˆฐแˆฉ แ‰ฅแ‰ แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ™แ‹ซแ‹Žแ‰ฝแˆ แŠ แˆ‰แŠ•

โ˜Ž๏ธแ‹ญแ‹ฐแ‹‰แˆ‰แˆแŠ• แ‹ซแˆ›แŠญแˆฉแŠ•

๐Ÿ“แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹‰แˆตแŒฅ แ‹จแ‰ตแˆ แŠฅแŠ•แˆแŠญแˆŽแ‰ณแˆˆแŠ•

แŠ แ‹ตแˆซแˆปแ‰ฝแŠ•แฆ แ‰.1 แŠ แ‹‰แ‰ถแ‰ฅแˆต แ‰ฐแˆซ(แˆ˜แˆณแˆˆแˆšแ‹ซ)
                    แ‰.2 แˆ˜แˆญแŠซแ‰ถ
                    แ‰.3 แ‰ฐแŠญแˆˆแˆ€แ‹ญแˆ›แŠ–แ‰ต

0904040477
0911016833
โค2๐Ÿ‘1
๐Ÿ‘‰แ‰ แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‰แŒฅแŒฅแˆญ แˆ‚แ‹ฐแ‰ต แ‹ฐแŠ•แ‰ฆแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆ˜แŒฃแˆต แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแŠจแ‰ตแˆˆแ‹ แ‰…แŒฃแ‰ต

๐Ÿšงแ‰ แˆ€แŒˆแˆซแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹จแ‹ˆแŠ•แŒ€แˆˆแŠ› แˆ˜แ‰…แŒซ (The penal Code proclamation of Ethiopia) "แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‹ฐแŠ•แ‰ฆแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆ˜แŒฃแˆต" แ‰ แˆšแˆˆแ‹ แŠ แŠ•แ‰€แŒฝ 495 แŠ•แ‹‘แˆต แŠ แŠ•แ‰€แŒฝ (1) แŠฅแŠ“ (2) แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต  "แˆ›แŠ•แˆ แˆฐแ‹ /แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‹ตแˆญแŒ…แ‰ต/ แ‹จแˆ•แŠ•แƒแŠ• แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แˆ›แแˆจแˆตแŠ• แˆฒแ‰†แŒฃแŒ แˆญ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แˆฒแ‹ซแŠจแŠ“แ‹แŠ• แ‰ แˆ•แŒ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰€แˆ˜แŒกแ‰ตแŠ• แ‹ฐแŠ•แ‰ฆแ‰ฝ แ‹จแˆšแŒฅแˆต แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‰ แˆ…แŠ•แƒ แŠ แˆ แˆซแˆญ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ฑ แˆ˜แ‹ฐแ‰ แŠ› แ‹จแ‹ฐแˆ…แŠ•แАแ‰ต แŠฅแˆญแˆแŒƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แˆ˜แ‰ฐแˆ‹แˆˆแ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‰ฝแˆ‹ แ‰ แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ต แ‹จแˆ…แ‹แ‰ฅแŠ• แ‹ฐแˆ…แŠ•แАแ‰ต แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แˆ…แ‹ญแ‹ˆแ‰ตแŠ•แฃ แŒคแŠ“แŠ• แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แˆฐแ‹แŠ• แŠ แ‹ฐแŒ‹ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠจแŒฃแˆˆแฃ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‹จแˆŒแˆ‹ แˆฐแ‹ แŠ•แ‰ฅแˆจแ‰ต แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แˆ€แ‰ฅแ‰ตแŠ• แ‹ฐแˆ…แŠ•แАแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแŒŽแ‹ณ แŠ แŠซแˆ„แ‹ต แˆฒแŠจแ‰ฐแˆ แŠจแ‰ฐแŒˆแŠ˜ แŠจแˆถแˆตแ‰ต แ‹ˆแˆญ แ‰ แˆ›แ‹ซแŠ•แˆต แ‰€แˆ‹แˆ แŠฅแˆตแˆซแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ แˆ˜แ‰€แŒฎ แ‹ญแ‰€แŒฃแˆแข

โบแ‹ญแˆแ‰แŠ•แˆ แŒฅแˆฐแ‰ฑ แ‰ แ‰ธแˆแ‰ฐแŠแАแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆ†แА แŠจแ‰ณแˆ˜แАแ‰ แ‰ต แแˆญแ‹ต แ‰คแ‰ฑ แ‹ซแˆˆแ‹ˆแˆฐแŠ• แ‰€แˆ‹แˆ แ‹จแŠฅแˆตแˆซแ‰ต แ‰…แŒฃแ‰ต แˆŠแ‹ˆแˆตแŠ• แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แˆ˜แ‰€แŒฎ แˆŠแ‹ซแˆตแ‰€แŒฃ แ‹ญแ‰ฝแˆ‹แˆ" แ‰ แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ต แ‰ แŒแˆแŒฝ แŠ แˆตแ‰€แˆแŒงแˆแข

๐Ÿ’ซแ‰ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘แˆ แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆ™แ‹ซ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆฐแˆ›แˆซแ‰ฝแˆ แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ™แ‹ซแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‹ตแˆญแŒ…แ‰ถแ‰ฝ แ‰ แ‹จแ‹˜แˆญแ‹แ‰ฝแˆ แ‰ แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆชแ‹ซแฃ แ‰ แ‹ฐแŠ•แ‰ฅ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ แˆ•แŒ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰€แˆ˜แŒก แ‹จแŠ แˆ แˆซแˆญ แˆ‚แ‹ฐแ‰ถแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แˆ˜แŠจแ‰ฐแˆ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆŸแˆ‹ แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แŠ แˆ แˆซแˆญ แˆ‚แ‹ฐแ‰ตแŠ• แˆ˜แŠจแ‰ฐแˆ แ‹ญแŠ–แˆญแ‰ฃแ‰ฝแŠ‹แˆ แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ต แАแ‹แข

โ‡๏ธแˆˆแˆ›แŠ•แŠ›แ‹แˆ แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ซแ‹จแ‰ตแ‹Ž  แŠฅแŠ“ แˆ€แˆณแ‰ฅแ‹Ž แ‹ญแŒปแ‰แˆแŠ•!

๐Ÿ“œแˆˆ แˆตแˆซ แŠฅแŠ“ แŒจแˆจแ‰ณแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆแŠ•แˆˆแ‰…แ‰ แ‰ต แ‰ปแŠ“แˆ แˆˆแˆ˜แ‰€แˆ‹แ‰€แˆ๐Ÿ‘‰ @ETCONpWORK

๐Ÿ“ฉแˆŠแŒฝแ‰แˆแŠ• แŠซแˆฐแ‰ก @ETCONpBOT

๐Ÿ’ซแ‰ฒแŠญแ‰ถแŠญ:๐Ÿ‘‡

www.tiktok.com/@etconp7

@etconp
๐Ÿ‘4
๐Ÿ‘‰The Universal Language of Drafting Symbols ๐Ÿ“๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿป

๐ŸทIn the intricate world of design and engineering, drafting symbols play a pivotal role as the universal language that transcends borders and connects professionals worldwide.

๐Ÿ” Why Symbols Matter:
Symbols serve as the cornerstone of effective communication in technical drawings.

However, their significance lies not just in their existence but in how meticulously they adhere to relevant standards and conventions also Precision is the key.๐Ÿ“๐Ÿ’ก

โญ๏ธDimensioning symbols ๐Ÿ“
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) symbols ๐ŸŽฏ
Architectural symbols ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Piping symbols ๐Ÿšฐ
Electrical symbols โšก

๐ŸŒŸ The Power of Standardization: In a globalized world, standardization becomes paramount.

โบConsistent use of symbols ensures that designs, plans, and specifications are understood universally, fostering collaboration and innovation across borders.

Via Yonatan

@etconp
๐Ÿ‘8โค1๐Ÿ‘1
โณ ๐—จ๐—ป๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜€๐˜๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฑ ๐— ๐—ถ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ด๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—–๐—ผ๐—ป๐˜€๐˜๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ฐ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐——๐—ฒ๐—น๐—ฎ๐˜†๐˜€ ๐Ÿ—

๐–ข๐—ˆ๐—‡๐—Œ๐—๐—‹๐—Ž๐–ผ๐—๐—‚๐—ˆ๐—‡ ๐–ฝ๐–พ๐—…๐–บ๐—’๐—Œ ๐–บ๐—‹๐–พ ๐—ˆ๐—‡๐–พ ๐—ˆ๐–ฟ ๐—๐—๐–พ ๐—†๐—ˆ๐—Œ๐— ๐—Œ๐—‚๐—€๐—‡๐—‚๐–ฟ๐—‚๐–ผ๐–บ๐—‡๐— ๐–ผ๐—๐–บ๐—…๐—…๐–พ๐—‡๐—€๐–พ๐—Œ ๐—‚๐—‡ ๐—๐—๐–พ ๐—‚๐—‡๐–ฝ๐—Ž๐—Œ๐—๐—‹๐—’, ๐—‚๐—†๐—‰๐–บ๐–ผ๐—๐—‚๐—‡๐—€ ๐—๐—‚๐—†๐–พ๐—…๐—‚๐—‡๐–พ๐—Œ, ๐–ป๐—Ž๐–ฝ๐—€๐–พ๐—๐—Œ, ๐–บ๐—‡๐–ฝ ๐—‰๐—‹๐—ˆ๐—ƒ๐–พ๐–ผ๐— ๐—ˆ๐—Ž๐—๐–ผ๐—ˆ๐—†๐–พ๐—Œ. ๐–ง๐–พ๐—‹๐–พโ€™๐—Œ ๐–บ ๐—…๐—ˆ๐—ˆ๐—„ ๐–บ๐— ๐—Œ๐—ˆ๐—†๐–พ ๐–ผ๐—ˆ๐—†๐—†๐—ˆ๐—‡ ๐–ผ๐–บ๐—Ž๐—Œ๐–พ๐—Œ ๐–บ๐—‡๐–ฝ ๐—Œ๐—๐—‹๐–บ๐—๐–พ๐—€๐—‚๐–พ๐—Œ ๐—๐—ˆ ๐—†๐—‚๐—๐—‚๐—€๐–บ๐—๐–พ ๐–ฝ๐–พ๐—…๐–บ๐—’๐—Œ:

๐‚๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง ๐‚๐š๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ž๐ฌ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐‚๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ญ๐ซ๐ฎ๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ƒ๐ž๐ฅ๐š๐ฒ๐ฌ:

1). ๐‘ท๐’๐’๐’“ ๐‘ท๐’๐’‚๐’๐’๐’Š๐’๐’ˆ ๐’‚๐’๐’… ๐‘บ๐’„๐’‰๐’†๐’…๐’–๐’๐’Š๐’๐’ˆ: Inaccurate timelines and resource allocation can lead to unforeseen delays.

2). ๐‘ซ๐’†๐’”๐’Š๐’ˆ๐’ ๐‘ช๐’‰๐’‚๐’๐’ˆ๐’†๐’”: Late-stage design alterations or scope changes can disrupt the project flow.

3). ๐‘ผ๐’๐’‡๐’๐’“๐’†๐’”๐’†๐’†๐’ ๐‘บ๐’Š๐’•๐’† ๐‘ช๐’๐’๐’…๐’Š๐’•๐’Š๐’๐’๐’”: Unexpected ground conditions or weather events can cause significant setbacks.

4). ๐‘ด๐’‚๐’•๐’†๐’“๐’Š๐’‚๐’ ๐‘บ๐’‰๐’๐’“๐’•๐’‚๐’ˆ๐’†๐’”: Delays in material delivery or shortages can halt construction progress.

5). ๐‘ณ๐’‚๐’ƒ๐’๐’“ ๐‘ช๐’‰๐’‚๐’๐’๐’†๐’๐’ˆ๐’†๐’”: Shortages of skilled labor or labor disputes can lead to project delays.

๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ž๐ฌ ๐ญ๐จ ๐Œ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐ ๐š๐ญ๐ž ๐ƒ๐ž๐ฅ๐š๐ฒ๐ฌ:

1). ๐‘ซ๐’†๐’•๐’‚๐’Š๐’๐’†๐’… ๐‘ท๐’๐’‚๐’๐’๐’Š๐’๐’ˆ ๐’‚๐’๐’… ๐‘บ๐’„๐’‰๐’†๐’…๐’–๐’๐’Š๐’๐’ˆ: Use tools like Primavera P6 or MS Project for precise scheduling and resource management.

2). ๐‘น๐’Š๐’”๐’Œ ๐‘ด๐’‚๐’๐’‚๐’ˆ๐’†๐’Ž๐’†๐’๐’•: Proactively identify and assess risks, and have contingency plans in place.

3). ๐‘ฌ๐’‡๐’‡๐’†๐’„๐’•๐’Š๐’—๐’† ๐‘ช๐’๐’Ž๐’Ž๐’–๐’๐’Š๐’„๐’‚๐’•๐’Š๐’๐’: Maintain clear and consistent communication among all stakeholders to address issues promptly.

4). ๐‘น๐’†๐’ˆ๐’–๐’๐’‚๐’“ ๐‘ด๐’๐’๐’Š๐’•๐’๐’“๐’Š๐’๐’ˆ ๐’‚๐’๐’… ๐‘น๐’†๐’‘๐’๐’“๐’•๐’Š๐’๐’ˆ: Conduct regular progress reviews to identify potential delays early and take corrective actions.

5). ๐‘ช๐’๐’๐’๐’‚๐’ƒ๐’๐’“๐’‚๐’•๐’Š๐’๐’ ๐’‚๐’๐’… ๐‘ญ๐’๐’†๐’™๐’Š๐’ƒ๐’Š๐’๐’Š๐’•๐’š: Encourage collaboration among teams and be flexible to adapt to changes as they arise.

๐‘๐ž๐ฆ๐ž๐ฆ๐›๐ž๐ซ:

๐ท๐‘’๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘ฆ๐‘  ๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘’ ๐‘œ๐‘“๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘› ๐‘–๐‘›๐‘’๐‘ฃ๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘™๐‘’, ๐‘๐‘ข๐‘ก ๐‘ค๐‘–๐‘กโ„Ž ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘’๐‘Ÿ ๐‘๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘›๐‘–๐‘›๐‘” ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘‘ ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘ฃ๐‘’ ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘”๐‘’๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก, ๐‘กโ„Ž๐‘’๐‘–๐‘Ÿ ๐‘–๐‘š๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘ก ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘› ๐‘๐‘’ ๐‘š๐‘–๐‘›๐‘–๐‘š๐‘–๐‘ง๐‘’๐‘‘. ๐ฟ๐‘’๐‘กโ€™๐‘  ๐‘ค๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘˜ ๐‘ก๐‘œ๐‘”๐‘’๐‘กโ„Ž๐‘’๐‘Ÿ ๐‘ก๐‘œ ๐‘๐‘ข๐‘–๐‘™๐‘‘ ๐‘š๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘’ ๐‘’๐‘“๐‘“๐‘–๐‘๐‘–๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก, ๐‘œ๐‘›-๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘š๐‘’, ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘‘ ๐‘ ๐‘ข๐‘๐‘๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘“๐‘ข๐‘™ ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ๐‘—๐‘’๐‘๐‘ก๐‘ ! ๐Ÿš€
@etconp
๐Ÿ‘24
๐Ÿ‘‰แ‹จแ‰ฑแˆญแŠฉ แ‹ซแ’ แˆ˜แˆญแŠฌแ‹š 3 แ‰ขแˆŠแ‹ฎแŠ• แ‹ถแˆ‹แˆญ  แ‹จแˆ›แˆ‹แ‰ฃ-แŠซแˆแ“แˆ‹ แ‹จแ‰ฃแ‰กแˆญ แˆ˜แˆตแˆ˜แˆญ แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ต แˆˆแˆ˜แŒˆแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ต แŠจแŠกแŒ‹แŠ•แ‹ณ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แŒ‹แˆญ แ‰ฐแˆแˆซแˆจแˆ˜แข

๐Ÿ”ฐแŠจแŠกแŒ‹แŠ•แ‹ณ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แŒ‹แˆญ แŠฎแŠ•แ‰ตแˆซแ‰ฑแŠ• แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆแˆซแˆจแˆ™แ‰ต แ‹จแ‹ซแ’ แˆ˜แˆญแŠฌแ‹š แ‹จแ‰ฆแˆญแ‹ต แˆแŠญแ‰ตแˆ แˆŠแ‰€ แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰ แˆญ แ‹ถแŠญแ‰ฐแˆญ แŠคแˆญแ‹ฐแˆ แŠ แˆชแ‹ฎแŒแˆ‰ แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹แข

๐Ÿทแ‰ แˆฐแŠ แ‰ต 120 แŠชแˆŽ แˆœแ‰ตแˆญ แแŒฅแАแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแŠ–แˆจแ‹ แ‹จแ‰ฐแАแŒˆแˆจแˆˆแ‰ต แ‹ญแˆ… แ‹จแ‰ฃแ‰กแˆญ แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ต 273 แŠชแˆŽ แˆœแ‰ตแˆญ แˆญแ‹แˆ˜แ‰ต แŠ แˆˆแ‹ แ‰ฐแ‰ฅแˆแˆแขแˆฐ

๐Ÿ“œแˆตแˆแˆแАแ‰ฑ แ‰ตแŠ“แŠ•แ‰ต แˆฐแŠž แŠซแˆแ“แˆ‹ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆแ€แˆ˜ แАแ‹แข

โ‡๏ธแ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ฑ แˆˆแˆแˆตแˆซแ‰… แŠ แแˆชแŠซ แ‰ฅแˆŽแˆ แˆˆแ‹ฉแŒ‹แŠ•แ‹ณ แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแ‰ดแŒ‚แŠซแ‹Š แŒ แ‰€แˆœแ‰ณ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแˆˆแ‹ แ‰ฐแ‰ฅแˆซแˆญแ‰ทแˆแข

โนแ‹ซแ’ แˆ˜แˆญแŠฌแ‹š แ‹จแŠ แ‹‹แˆฝ แŠฎแˆแ‰ฆแˆแ‰ป แˆ€แˆซ แŒˆแ‰ แ‹ซ แ‹จแ‰ฃแ‰กแˆญ แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ต แˆตแˆซ แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆซแŒญ แАแ‰ แˆญแข

โ‡๏ธแŠจแŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แŒ‹แˆญ แ‰ แ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆจแˆฐแ‰ แ‰ต แˆตแˆแˆแАแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆ แˆจแ‰ต แ‰ แ‰…แˆญแ‰ก แˆตแˆซแ‹ แ‹ณแŒแˆ แ‹ญแŒ€แˆ˜แˆซแˆ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰ฃแˆˆแˆˆแ‰ต แ‹จแŠ แ‹‹แˆฝ แŠฎแˆแ‰ฆแˆแ‰ป แˆ€แˆซ แŒˆแ‰ แ‹ซ แ‹จแ‰ฃแ‰กแˆญ แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ต แ‰ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แ‰ธแˆแ‰ฐแŠแАแ‰ต แ‹ˆแ‹ฐแŠ‹แˆ‹ แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแŒŽแ‰ฐแ‰ต แ‹ญแŒˆแŠ›แˆแข

via Wasu

@etconp
๐Ÿ‘19
๐Ÿ‘‰Here are the main types of column failure, along with explanations of what causes them:

1. Buckling:

โ€ข Cause: This occurs when a column is subjected to a compressive load that exceeds its buckling capacity. Buckling is essentially a sudden lateral (sideways) deformation of the column, often resulting in a sudden collapse.
โ€ข Factors:
  * Slenderness Ratio: The ratio of the column's length to its least radius of gyration. Slender columns are more prone to buckling.
  * Load: High compressive loads increase the risk of buckling.
  * Material Properties: The stiffness and strength of the column material play a role.

2. Crushing:

โ€ข Cause: Crushing occurs when the compressive load applied to a column exceeds its compressive strength. The column literally crushes under the weight.
โ€ข Factors:
  * Load: High compressive loads increase the risk of crushing.
  * Material Strength: The material's resistance to compression.
  * Cross-Sectional Area: A smaller cross-sectional area makes the column more vulnerable to crushing.

3. Shear Failure:

โ€ข Cause: Shear failure happens when the shear stress in the column exceeds its shear strength. This often occurs in columns subjected to lateral loads or eccentric loads.
โ€ข Factors:
  * Lateral Loads: Forces applied perpendicular to the column's axis.
  * Eccentric Loads: Loads applied off-center of the column, causing bending.
  * Material Strength: The column's resistance to shear stress.

4. Combined Failure:

โ€ข Cause: Columns can fail due to a combination of factors. For example, buckling can lead to increased shear stresses, which then contribute to shear failure.
โ€ข Factors:
  * Slenderness Ratio: A slender column is more susceptible to both buckling and shear failure.
  * Load Type: A combination of compressive, lateral, and eccentric loads can lead to a complex failure mode.

5. Fatigue Failure:

โ€ข Cause: Fatigue failure occurs due to repeated or cyclic loading. Over time, these repeated stresses can lead to cracks and eventually failure.
โ€ข Factors:
  * Load Cycles: The number of times the load is applied and removed.
  * Stress Range: The difference between the maximum and minimum stress levels in each cycle.
  * Material Properties: The fatigue resistance of the column material.

6. Corrosion-Induced Failure:

โ€ข Cause: Corrosion can weaken the column material, reducing its strength and load-carrying capacity.
โ€ข Factors:
  * Exposure: Exposure to moisture, chemicals, and salt can accelerate corrosion.
  * Material Type: Some materials are more susceptible to corrosion than others.

Prevention and Mitigation:

โ€ข Proper Design: Ensure the column is adequately designed to resist the expected loads.
โ€ข Material Selection: Choose materials with appropriate strength and durability.
โ€ข Corrosion Protection: Use protective coatings or treatments to prevent corrosion.
โ€ข Regular Inspection: Monitor the column for signs of damage or deterioration.

In summary, column failures are a serious concern in structural engineering. Understanding the different modes of failure is essential for ensuring the safety and stability of structures.

Via Eagleng

@etconp
๐Ÿ‘18โค3
๐Ÿ‘‰แ‹จแŠฎแŠ•แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแˆฝแŠ• แŒจแˆจแ‰ณ/ Construction Tender

๐Ÿทแ‰ฅแ‹™ แŠฎแŠ•แ‰ตแˆซแŠญแ‰ฐแˆฎแ‰ฝ แŠจ Technical แŒแˆแŒˆแˆ› แ‹แŒช แŠฅแ‹จแˆ†แŠ‘ แŠฅแŠ“แ‹ซแˆˆแŠ• แ‹จ แ‰ปแŠ“แˆ‹แ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฆแ‰ฝ แ‰ แˆฐแ‰ แˆฐแ‰กแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆจแŒƒ แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต แŠ แŠ•แ‹ฑ แˆแŠญแŠ•แ‹ซแ‰ต แ‹จแŒแ‹ข แŠ แ‹‹แŒ แŠจแ‹ฐแАแŒˆแŒˆแ‹ แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆชแ‹ซ แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ requirement แˆตแˆˆแˆšแ‰€แˆ˜แŒฅ แАแ‹แข

๐Ÿ’ซแˆˆแˆแˆฃแˆŒ แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆปแˆปแˆˆแ‹ แˆ˜แˆ˜แˆชแ‹ซ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆตแˆˆ turnover แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆ… แ‹ซแˆตแ‰€แˆแŒฃแˆ:-

โ–ถ๏ธแˆˆแˆ€แŒˆแˆญ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‰ฐแŒซแˆซแ‰พแ‰ฝ peak annual turn over แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ซแ‹ แˆฒแ‹ซแ‹ แˆˆแ‹แŒช แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆซแŒฎแ‰ฝ แ‹ฐแŒแˆž average turnover  แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ซแ‹ แ‹ซแ‹›แˆ แАแŒˆแˆญ แŒแŠ• แ‹จแˆ€แŒˆแˆญ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆซแŒญ average แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆŸแˆŸแˆ‹แ‰ฑ แ‹แ‹ตแ‰… แ‹ญแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ‹แˆแข

โนturnover amount แ‹จแˆšแˆฐแˆ‹แ‹ แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแАแ‰ฃแ‹ แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ต แ‹‹แŒ‹ แˆˆแˆšแˆแŒ€แ‹ แ‹ˆแˆซแ‰ต แ‰ แˆ›แŠซแˆแˆแŠ“ แ‰ 12 แ‰ แˆ›แ‰ฅแ‹›แ‰ต แˆฒแˆ†แŠ• แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แ•แˆฎแŒ€แŠญแ‰ต engineering estimation 100 million แˆ†แŠ“ duration 3 แŠ แˆ˜แ‰ต แ‰ขแˆ†แŠ• แˆ˜แŒ แ‹จแ‰… แ‹ซแˆˆแ‰ แ‰ต peak 33.3 million birr แˆˆแˆ€แŒˆแˆญ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆซแŒญ แŠฅแŠ“ 100 million แˆˆแ‹แŒช แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆซแŒญ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐ แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ต แАแ‹แข

๐ŸŒŸแˆตแˆˆแ‹šแˆ… แŒจแˆจแ‰ณ แˆฒแŒˆแ‹™ แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ•แŠ• แŠ แ‹‹แŒ… แ‰ แˆ˜แŒฅแ‰€แˆต clarification แŠฅแ‹จแŒ แ‹จแ‰ แ‰ขแˆžแˆ‰ แŒจแˆจแ‰ณแ‹แŠ• แ‹จแˆ›แˆˆแ แŠฅแ‹ตแˆแ‹Ž แŠจแ แ‹ญแˆ‹แˆ

๐Ÿ“ฉแ‰ฐแŒจแˆ›แˆช แ‹ญแŒ แ‰…แˆ›แˆ แ‹จแˆแ‰ตแˆ‰แ‰ต แˆ˜แˆแ‹•แŠญแ‰ถแŠ• แˆˆแŠฅแŠ› แˆˆแˆ›แŒ‹แˆซแ‰ต๐Ÿ‘‡

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