2407. In a beam, the neutral plane
Anonymous Quiz
21%
(a) may be its centre
53%
(b) passes through the C.G. of the area of cross-section
17%
(c) does not change during deformation
8%
(d) none of these
❤4
2406. For a simply supported beam with a central load, the bending moment is
Anonymous Quiz
11%
(a) least at the centre
12%
(b) least at the supports
21%
(c) maximum at the supports
57%
(d) maximum at the centre
❤6
2405. The shape of the bending moment diagram over the length of a beam, carrying a uniformly distributed load is always
Anonymous Quiz
24%
(a) linear
65%
(b) parabolic
6%
(c) cubical
6%
(d) circular
❤10
2404. If the shear force along a section of a beam is zero, the bending moment at the section is
Anonymous Quiz
22%
(a) zero
67%
(b) maximum
7%
(c) minimum
4%
(d) average of maximum-minimum
❤5👏3👍2
2403. If two forces acting at a joint are not along the straight line, then for the equilibrium of the joint
Anonymous Quiz
11%
(a) one of the forces must be zero
17%
(b) each force must be zero
20%
(c) forces must be equal and of the same sign
52%
(d) forces must be equal in magnitude but opposite in sign
❤1
2402. What is characteristic load?
Anonymous Quiz
14%
(a) Seismic load
43%
(b) Load which will be exceeded by certain probability during life of structure
34%
(c) Load which will not be exceeded by certain probability during life of structure
9%
(d) Pressure load
🎉2❤1
2399. The partial factor of safety for resistance governed by ultimate strength is:
Anonymous Quiz
7%
(a) 1.10
56%
(b) 1.5
13%
(c) 2.0
24%
(d) 1.25
❤4👏1
2398. The partial factor of safety for resistance governed by yielding is:
Anonymous Quiz
13%
(a) 1.10
53%
(b) 1.5
11%
(c) 2.0
23%
(d) 1.25
🙏3❤2
2397. Which of the following criteria is to be satisfied in selection of member in limit state method?
Anonymous Quiz
13%
(a) Factored Load > Factored Strength
51%
(b) Factored Load ≤ Factored Strength
18%
(c) Factored Load ≥ Factored Strength
17%
(d) Sometimes Factored Load < Factored Strength (or) Factored Load > Factored Strength
👍3❤2
2396. Which of the following relation is correct?
Anonymous Quiz
21%
(a) Design Strength = Ultimate strength + Partial factor of safety
9%
(b) Design Strength = Ultimate strength – Partial factor of safety
40%
(c) Design Strength = Ultimate strength /Partial factor of safety
30%
(d) Design Strength = Ultimate strength x Partial factor of safety
❤6👏3
2395. Which of the following relation is correct?
Anonymous Quiz
5%
(a) Design Load = Characteristic Load
24%
(b) Design Load = Characteristic Load + Partial factor of safety
32%
(c) Design Load = Characteristic Load / Partial factor of safety
39%
(d) Design Load = Characteristic Load x Partial factor of safety
👏3
2394. What is variable action according to classification of actions by IS code?
Anonymous Quiz
14%
(a) Due to self weight
17%
(b) Due to accidents
42%
(c) Due to construction and service stage loads
27%
(d) Due to earthquake loads
❤5🥰1
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❤5
👉What Are the Project Management Knowledge Areas?
💫Project Management Institute has divided the large field of project management into 10 more digestible parts, which it calls the 10 project management knowledge areas in its A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK).
⏺Project management knowledge areas coincide with the process groups, which are project initiation, project planning, project execution, monitoring and controlling, and project closing.
⏺These are the chronological phases that every project goes through.
⏺The knowledge areas take place during anyone of these process groups.
⏺You can think of the process groups as horizontal, while the knowledge areas are vertical. The knowledge areas are the core technical subject matter, which are necessary for effective project management.
Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) is a collection of processes and knowledge areas accepted as best practice for the project management profession.
⏺As an internationally recognised standard (ANSI/PMI 99-001-2008 and IEEE 1490-2011) it provides the fundamentals of project management, irrespective of the type of project be it construction, software, engineering, automotive.
PMBOK recognises five basic process groups and ten knowledge areas typical of almost all projects.
⏺The basic concepts are applicable to projects, programmes and operations.
🚧The five basic process groups are:
1. Initiating
2. Planning
3. Executing
4. Monitoring and Controlling
5. Closing
Processes overlap and interact throughout a project or phase. Processes are described in terms of:
• Inputs (documents, plans, designs, etc.)
• Tools and Techniques (mechanisms applied to inputs)
• Outputs (documents, products, etc.)
📜The ten knowledge areas are:
1. Project Integration Management
2. Project Scope Management
3. Project Time Management
4. Project Cost Management
5. Project Quality Management
6. Project Human Resource Management
7. Project Communications Management
8. Project Risk Management
9. Project Procurement Management
10. Project Stakeholder Management
❇️The Ethiopian Construction Project Management Institute also has published those PMBOK areas and distribute.
🌟IF You Want Those Books We will Share You🙏
@etconp
💫Project Management Institute has divided the large field of project management into 10 more digestible parts, which it calls the 10 project management knowledge areas in its A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK).
⏺Project management knowledge areas coincide with the process groups, which are project initiation, project planning, project execution, monitoring and controlling, and project closing.
⏺These are the chronological phases that every project goes through.
⏺The knowledge areas take place during anyone of these process groups.
⏺You can think of the process groups as horizontal, while the knowledge areas are vertical. The knowledge areas are the core technical subject matter, which are necessary for effective project management.
Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) is a collection of processes and knowledge areas accepted as best practice for the project management profession.
⏺As an internationally recognised standard (ANSI/PMI 99-001-2008 and IEEE 1490-2011) it provides the fundamentals of project management, irrespective of the type of project be it construction, software, engineering, automotive.
PMBOK recognises five basic process groups and ten knowledge areas typical of almost all projects.
⏺The basic concepts are applicable to projects, programmes and operations.
🚧The five basic process groups are:
1. Initiating
2. Planning
3. Executing
4. Monitoring and Controlling
5. Closing
Processes overlap and interact throughout a project or phase. Processes are described in terms of:
• Inputs (documents, plans, designs, etc.)
• Tools and Techniques (mechanisms applied to inputs)
• Outputs (documents, products, etc.)
📜The ten knowledge areas are:
1. Project Integration Management
2. Project Scope Management
3. Project Time Management
4. Project Cost Management
5. Project Quality Management
6. Project Human Resource Management
7. Project Communications Management
8. Project Risk Management
9. Project Procurement Management
10. Project Stakeholder Management
❇️The Ethiopian Construction Project Management Institute also has published those PMBOK areas and distribute.
🌟IF You Want Those Books We will Share You🙏
@etconp
👍39❤9🙏5
👉Road design involves several key factors to ensure safety, efficiency, and sustainability.
🏷Here are some main considerations:
🚧Geometric Design
- *Horizontal Alignment*: Smooth curves and grades contribute to driver comfort and safety. For example, designing curves with appropriate radii and superelevation can counteract centrifugal force.
- *Vertical Alignment*: Ensuring smooth gradients and transitions for safety. Maximum gradient for highways is typically 3%, while local roads can have up to 6% gradient.
- *Cross-Section Design*: The shape of the roadway perpendicular to the direction of travel, including lane width, shoulders, medians, and drainage systems.
🚧Safety Features
- *Clear Sight Distance*: Ensuring drivers have an adequate view of the road ahead to react to hazards.
- *Safety Barriers*: Installing guardrails and other barriers to prevent vehicles from leaving the roadway.
- *Crash Cushioning Devices*: Placed in front of fixed objects to absorb the energy of a collision.
🚧Traffic Management
- *Intersection Design*: Planning intersections to minimize conflicts between traffic streams, often using roundabouts, traffic signals, or grade separations.
- *Traffic Signalization*: Designing and timing traffic signals to ensure smooth and safe traffic flow.
- *Signage and Markings*: Providing clear and consistent information to drivers through road signs and markings.
🚧Pavement Design
- *Pavement Structure*: Considering factors like load-bearing capacity, materials, and environmental conditions.
- *Drainage Design*: Ensuring proper water runoff to prevent damage to the road structure and improve safety during wet weather ¹ ² ³.
🚧Environmental Considerations
- *Sustainable Pavements*: Using recycled materials, reducing carbon emissions, and improving pavement durability.
- *Drainage System*: Including culverts, ditches, and other features to manage water runoff ⁴.
🌟Other Key Factors
- *Lane Width and Spacing*: Determining lane width based on anticipated traffic volume and type of vehicles.
- *Shoulder Design*: Providing space for emergency stopping, parking, and maintenance.
- *Median Design*: Separating opposing traffic flows, improving safety and reducing head-on collisions.
@etconp
🏷Here are some main considerations:
🚧Geometric Design
- *Horizontal Alignment*: Smooth curves and grades contribute to driver comfort and safety. For example, designing curves with appropriate radii and superelevation can counteract centrifugal force.
- *Vertical Alignment*: Ensuring smooth gradients and transitions for safety. Maximum gradient for highways is typically 3%, while local roads can have up to 6% gradient.
- *Cross-Section Design*: The shape of the roadway perpendicular to the direction of travel, including lane width, shoulders, medians, and drainage systems.
🚧Safety Features
- *Clear Sight Distance*: Ensuring drivers have an adequate view of the road ahead to react to hazards.
- *Safety Barriers*: Installing guardrails and other barriers to prevent vehicles from leaving the roadway.
- *Crash Cushioning Devices*: Placed in front of fixed objects to absorb the energy of a collision.
🚧Traffic Management
- *Intersection Design*: Planning intersections to minimize conflicts between traffic streams, often using roundabouts, traffic signals, or grade separations.
- *Traffic Signalization*: Designing and timing traffic signals to ensure smooth and safe traffic flow.
- *Signage and Markings*: Providing clear and consistent information to drivers through road signs and markings.
🚧Pavement Design
- *Pavement Structure*: Considering factors like load-bearing capacity, materials, and environmental conditions.
- *Drainage Design*: Ensuring proper water runoff to prevent damage to the road structure and improve safety during wet weather ¹ ² ³.
🚧Environmental Considerations
- *Sustainable Pavements*: Using recycled materials, reducing carbon emissions, and improving pavement durability.
- *Drainage System*: Including culverts, ditches, and other features to manage water runoff ⁴.
🌟Other Key Factors
- *Lane Width and Spacing*: Determining lane width based on anticipated traffic volume and type of vehicles.
- *Shoulder Design*: Providing space for emergency stopping, parking, and maintenance.
- *Median Design*: Separating opposing traffic flows, improving safety and reducing head-on collisions.
@etconp
❤17👍1
👉በኮንስትራክሽን የኮንትራት ውል ስምምነቶች
🚧የኮንስትራክሽን ኮንትራት ውል ስምምነቶችን በሥራ ላይ ለማዋል በቅድሚያ በኢንዱስትሪው ሥራ ላይ የዋሉ ዘዴዎችን ጨምሮ፣ የግንባታ ፕሮጀክቱ ቆይታ እና ጥራትን የመሳሰሉ የተለያዩ አማራጮችን መከተል አስፈላጊ ቢሆንም፣ የሚከተሉት አራት አሠራሮች ግን በይበልጥ የተለመዱ ናቸው፡፡
💫በቋሚ ክፍያ ላይ የተመሰረተ የውል ስምምነት
⏺በቋሚ ክፍያ ላይ የተመሰረተ የውል ስምምነት ኮንትራክተሩ በተቀመጠለት የጊዜ ገደብ ሥራውን ለማጠናቀቅ ቃል በመግባት ውሉን የሚፈርምበትና በጊዜው ካላጠናቀቀ ለቅጣት የሚዳረግበት የስምምነት ዓይነት ነው።
⏺በዚህ ስምምነት መሠረት፦ አስገንቢው የሥራ ዝርዝሮችን በማስቀመጥ አስፈላጊውን ቁስ በተፈለገበት ጊዜ የማቅረብ ኃላፊነትን ይወስዳል። በዚህ ስምምነት ኃላፊነቱ በኮንትራክተሩ ላይ የሚወድቅ ቢሆንም፣ ባለመብቱ ቀደም ሲል ያልተገለጸ (ያልተዘረዘረ) ወይም አዲስ የዲዛይን ለውጥ የማድረግ ፍላጎቱን የተገደበ ያደርገዋል።
⏺ከዚህም በተጨማሪ ኮንትራክተሩ ላልተጠናቀቀ ሥራ ቅድሚያ ብድር ወስዶ የመጨረስ ዕድልም እንዳይኖረው ያደርጋል፡፡
💫በግንባታ አፈጻጸም ላይ የተመሰረተ የውል ስምምነት
⏺ኮንትራክተሩ በጨረታ ወይም ከአስገንቢው ጋር የተስማማበት የግንባታ ክፍያ የሚከፈለው በየዘርፉ የግንባታው ሂደት በመቶኛ እየተሳለና አፈፃፀሙ እየተገመገመ በአማካሪ ወይም በውል ስምምነት መሠረት የሚቀርብ ማረጋገጫን በመከተል ይሆናል።
⏺በዚህ ስምምነት የአፈጻጸም ሂደትና ገደብን በተመለከተ የሚከፈለውን ክፍያ የመፈፀም ኃላፊነት የአስገንቢው ነው። አስገንቢው በዚህ የውል ስምምነት እንደ አስፈላጊነቱ የዲዛይን ለውጥ ለማድረግ ተጨማሪ ክፍያ በመፈፀም ከኮንትራክተሩ ጋር ድርድር የሚያደርግበትን ተጨማሪ ዕድል ይፈጥርለታል፡፡
💫ጊዜና የቁሳቁስ ዋጋን መሠረት ያደረገ የውል ስምምነት
⏺ጊዜና የቁሳቁስ ዋጋን መሠረት ያደረገ የውል ስምምነት የሚያገለግለው የፕሮጀክቱ የሥራ ትግበራ ከተጀመረ በኋላ ብድር ሊገኝ ይችላል በሚል እምነት ላይ የተመሰረተ ሲሆን ነው።
⏺በዚህም የተነሳ ፕሮጀክቱ በተለያየ ምክንያት በተያዘለት ጊዜ ላይጠናቀቅ እንዲሁም በግንባታ ሂደትም የግንባታ ቁሳቁስ ዋጋ ልዩነት ሊፈጠር ይችላል።
⏺በመሆኑም ኮንትራክተሩ እና አስገንቢው አካል ከግንባታ መጓተት የተነሳና በሂደትም ለሚከሰት የባለሙያና የቁሳቁስ ዋጋ ንረት (ለውጥ) በተመለከተ ቀደም ብለው የዋጋ ለውጥ የክፍያ ማካካሻ ስምምነት መፈጸም ይጠቅማቸዋል፡፡
💫በቁሳቁስ የነጠላ ዋጋ ላይ የተመሰረተ የውል ስምምነት
⏺ኮንትራክተሩና አስገንቢው ዲዛይኑን መነሻ በማድረግ ውል የሚያስሩት ኮንትራክተሩ ለግንባታ በሚያውላቸው የግንባታ ቁሳቁሶች ወቅታዊ ዋጋ በመነሳት ነው።
⏺በሂደት የዋጋ ውጣ ውረድ ሲፈጠር፦ አስገንቢው በዋጋ በመቀነስ ምክንያት ለሚፈጠር ልዩነት ወጪው እንዲቀንስ በሌላ በኩል፣ የዋጋ ጭማሪ ሲፈጠር ደግሞ ለኮንትራክተሩ የዋጋውን ልዩነት መነሻ በማድረግ ክፍያውን የመፈፀም ኃላፊነት ይወስዳሉ።
⏺በዚህ ውል ሥምምነት አስገንቢው አካል የዲዛይን ለውጥ ለማድረግ የሚረዳውን ተጨማሪ ዕድል ይፈጥራል፡፡
@etconp
🚧የኮንስትራክሽን ኮንትራት ውል ስምምነቶችን በሥራ ላይ ለማዋል በቅድሚያ በኢንዱስትሪው ሥራ ላይ የዋሉ ዘዴዎችን ጨምሮ፣ የግንባታ ፕሮጀክቱ ቆይታ እና ጥራትን የመሳሰሉ የተለያዩ አማራጮችን መከተል አስፈላጊ ቢሆንም፣ የሚከተሉት አራት አሠራሮች ግን በይበልጥ የተለመዱ ናቸው፡፡
💫በቋሚ ክፍያ ላይ የተመሰረተ የውል ስምምነት
⏺በቋሚ ክፍያ ላይ የተመሰረተ የውል ስምምነት ኮንትራክተሩ በተቀመጠለት የጊዜ ገደብ ሥራውን ለማጠናቀቅ ቃል በመግባት ውሉን የሚፈርምበትና በጊዜው ካላጠናቀቀ ለቅጣት የሚዳረግበት የስምምነት ዓይነት ነው።
⏺በዚህ ስምምነት መሠረት፦ አስገንቢው የሥራ ዝርዝሮችን በማስቀመጥ አስፈላጊውን ቁስ በተፈለገበት ጊዜ የማቅረብ ኃላፊነትን ይወስዳል። በዚህ ስምምነት ኃላፊነቱ በኮንትራክተሩ ላይ የሚወድቅ ቢሆንም፣ ባለመብቱ ቀደም ሲል ያልተገለጸ (ያልተዘረዘረ) ወይም አዲስ የዲዛይን ለውጥ የማድረግ ፍላጎቱን የተገደበ ያደርገዋል።
⏺ከዚህም በተጨማሪ ኮንትራክተሩ ላልተጠናቀቀ ሥራ ቅድሚያ ብድር ወስዶ የመጨረስ ዕድልም እንዳይኖረው ያደርጋል፡፡
💫በግንባታ አፈጻጸም ላይ የተመሰረተ የውል ስምምነት
⏺ኮንትራክተሩ በጨረታ ወይም ከአስገንቢው ጋር የተስማማበት የግንባታ ክፍያ የሚከፈለው በየዘርፉ የግንባታው ሂደት በመቶኛ እየተሳለና አፈፃፀሙ እየተገመገመ በአማካሪ ወይም በውል ስምምነት መሠረት የሚቀርብ ማረጋገጫን በመከተል ይሆናል።
⏺በዚህ ስምምነት የአፈጻጸም ሂደትና ገደብን በተመለከተ የሚከፈለውን ክፍያ የመፈፀም ኃላፊነት የአስገንቢው ነው። አስገንቢው በዚህ የውል ስምምነት እንደ አስፈላጊነቱ የዲዛይን ለውጥ ለማድረግ ተጨማሪ ክፍያ በመፈፀም ከኮንትራክተሩ ጋር ድርድር የሚያደርግበትን ተጨማሪ ዕድል ይፈጥርለታል፡፡
💫ጊዜና የቁሳቁስ ዋጋን መሠረት ያደረገ የውል ስምምነት
⏺ጊዜና የቁሳቁስ ዋጋን መሠረት ያደረገ የውል ስምምነት የሚያገለግለው የፕሮጀክቱ የሥራ ትግበራ ከተጀመረ በኋላ ብድር ሊገኝ ይችላል በሚል እምነት ላይ የተመሰረተ ሲሆን ነው።
⏺በዚህም የተነሳ ፕሮጀክቱ በተለያየ ምክንያት በተያዘለት ጊዜ ላይጠናቀቅ እንዲሁም በግንባታ ሂደትም የግንባታ ቁሳቁስ ዋጋ ልዩነት ሊፈጠር ይችላል።
⏺በመሆኑም ኮንትራክተሩ እና አስገንቢው አካል ከግንባታ መጓተት የተነሳና በሂደትም ለሚከሰት የባለሙያና የቁሳቁስ ዋጋ ንረት (ለውጥ) በተመለከተ ቀደም ብለው የዋጋ ለውጥ የክፍያ ማካካሻ ስምምነት መፈጸም ይጠቅማቸዋል፡፡
💫በቁሳቁስ የነጠላ ዋጋ ላይ የተመሰረተ የውል ስምምነት
⏺ኮንትራክተሩና አስገንቢው ዲዛይኑን መነሻ በማድረግ ውል የሚያስሩት ኮንትራክተሩ ለግንባታ በሚያውላቸው የግንባታ ቁሳቁሶች ወቅታዊ ዋጋ በመነሳት ነው።
⏺በሂደት የዋጋ ውጣ ውረድ ሲፈጠር፦ አስገንቢው በዋጋ በመቀነስ ምክንያት ለሚፈጠር ልዩነት ወጪው እንዲቀንስ በሌላ በኩል፣ የዋጋ ጭማሪ ሲፈጠር ደግሞ ለኮንትራክተሩ የዋጋውን ልዩነት መነሻ በማድረግ ክፍያውን የመፈፀም ኃላፊነት ይወስዳሉ።
⏺በዚህ ውል ሥምምነት አስገንቢው አካል የዲዛይን ለውጥ ለማድረግ የሚረዳውን ተጨማሪ ዕድል ይፈጥራል፡፡
@etconp
❤14
👉አሜሪካን የግንባታ ባለሙያ እጥረት ዋጋ እያስከፈላት ነው
🚧የግንባታ ሙያ ክህሎት ያላቸው ሠራተኞች እጥረት የአሜሪካንን ኢኮኖሚ በአመት በቢሊዮን ዶላሮች የሚቆጠር ዋጋ እያስከፈለው መሆኑን በጥናት ተጠቆመ።
💫ግሎባል ኮንስትራክሽን "Skills shortage costs US economy billions, study finds" በሚል ርዕስ ባሠራጨው ዘገባ በእጥረቱ ምክንያት የፕሮጀክት መርሃ ግብሮች መዘግየት ዘርፉን በዓመት 2.7 ቢሊዮን ዶላር ተጨማሪ ወጪ እንደሚያስወጣ ገልጿ፤ በአጠቃላይ በሀገሪቱ ላይ የሚያሳድረው ኢኮኖሚያዊ ተፅእኖ በዓመት 10.8 ቢሊዮን ዶላር አካባቢ ነው ሲል ጥናቱ አመልክቷል።
⏺በዴንቨር ዩኒቨርሲቲ የተካሄደው እና በዚህ ሳምንት ይፋ የተደረገ ጥናት እንዳመለከተው ስር የሰደደው የሰለጠነ የሰው ሃይል እጥረት የግለሰቦች ነጠላ የመኖሪያ ቤት ግንባታ ዘርፍን እና በአጠቃላይ የአሜሪካን ኢኮኖሚ በአመት በቢሊዮን የሚቆጠር ዶላር እያስከፈለ ነው።
📜ጥናቱ የተካሄደው Home Builders Institute (HBI) ከብሔራዊ የቤት ግንባታ ሠሪዎች ማህበር (ኤንኤኤችቢ) ጋር በመተባበር ነው።
❇️የክህሎት እጥረቱ እ.ኤ.አ. በ2024 ወደ 19,000 የሚጠጉ ነጠላ የቤተሰብ መኖሪያ ቤቶች እንዳይገነቡ ከማድረጉም በላይ ከ8 ቢሊዮን ዶላር በላይ ያለውን ኢኮኖሚያዊ ኪሳራ አስከትሏል፤ እጥረቱ ተመጣጣኝ ዋጋ የነበረውን ዘርፍ ችግር እያባባሰው እና የኢኮኖሚ እድገቱ እያዘገመ እንዲሄድ አድርጓታል።
⏺ዋና ኢኮኖሚስት ዶክተር ሮበርት ዲትዝ "ይህ ጥናት የሰለጠነ የሰው ሃይል እጥረትን ለመቅረፍ የስትራቴጂክ ጣልቃ ገብነት አስፈላጊነትን አፅንዖት ይሰጣል" ብለዋል።
⏺"የቤት ግንባታ ኢንዱስትሪን ብቻ ሳይሆን ሰፊውን ኢኮኖሚ ጭምር የሚጎዳ ኢኮኖሚያዊ አንድምታ በጣም ሰፊ የሆነ ሀገራዊ መፍትሔ የሚያስፈልገው ጉዳይ መሆኑን አስታውቀዋል።
@etconp
🚧የግንባታ ሙያ ክህሎት ያላቸው ሠራተኞች እጥረት የአሜሪካንን ኢኮኖሚ በአመት በቢሊዮን ዶላሮች የሚቆጠር ዋጋ እያስከፈለው መሆኑን በጥናት ተጠቆመ።
💫ግሎባል ኮንስትራክሽን "Skills shortage costs US economy billions, study finds" በሚል ርዕስ ባሠራጨው ዘገባ በእጥረቱ ምክንያት የፕሮጀክት መርሃ ግብሮች መዘግየት ዘርፉን በዓመት 2.7 ቢሊዮን ዶላር ተጨማሪ ወጪ እንደሚያስወጣ ገልጿ፤ በአጠቃላይ በሀገሪቱ ላይ የሚያሳድረው ኢኮኖሚያዊ ተፅእኖ በዓመት 10.8 ቢሊዮን ዶላር አካባቢ ነው ሲል ጥናቱ አመልክቷል።
⏺በዴንቨር ዩኒቨርሲቲ የተካሄደው እና በዚህ ሳምንት ይፋ የተደረገ ጥናት እንዳመለከተው ስር የሰደደው የሰለጠነ የሰው ሃይል እጥረት የግለሰቦች ነጠላ የመኖሪያ ቤት ግንባታ ዘርፍን እና በአጠቃላይ የአሜሪካን ኢኮኖሚ በአመት በቢሊዮን የሚቆጠር ዶላር እያስከፈለ ነው።
📜ጥናቱ የተካሄደው Home Builders Institute (HBI) ከብሔራዊ የቤት ግንባታ ሠሪዎች ማህበር (ኤንኤኤችቢ) ጋር በመተባበር ነው።
❇️የክህሎት እጥረቱ እ.ኤ.አ. በ2024 ወደ 19,000 የሚጠጉ ነጠላ የቤተሰብ መኖሪያ ቤቶች እንዳይገነቡ ከማድረጉም በላይ ከ8 ቢሊዮን ዶላር በላይ ያለውን ኢኮኖሚያዊ ኪሳራ አስከትሏል፤ እጥረቱ ተመጣጣኝ ዋጋ የነበረውን ዘርፍ ችግር እያባባሰው እና የኢኮኖሚ እድገቱ እያዘገመ እንዲሄድ አድርጓታል።
⏺ዋና ኢኮኖሚስት ዶክተር ሮበርት ዲትዝ "ይህ ጥናት የሰለጠነ የሰው ሃይል እጥረትን ለመቅረፍ የስትራቴጂክ ጣልቃ ገብነት አስፈላጊነትን አፅንዖት ይሰጣል" ብለዋል።
⏺"የቤት ግንባታ ኢንዱስትሪን ብቻ ሳይሆን ሰፊውን ኢኮኖሚ ጭምር የሚጎዳ ኢኮኖሚያዊ አንድምታ በጣም ሰፊ የሆነ ሀገራዊ መፍትሔ የሚያስፈልገው ጉዳይ መሆኑን አስታውቀዋል።
@etconp
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👉 INTERCON Construction Chemicals
● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat
● Concrete Repair Mortar
● Floor hardener, Epoxy
● Grout, Self-level mortar
● Quartz paint, Contextra
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
● Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
Tel: 0961955555
Address: Signal, around signal mall
● Concrete Admixtures
● Bonding Agents
● Waterproofings
● Wall Putty, Prime Coat
● Concrete Repair Mortar
● Floor hardener, Epoxy
● Grout, Self-level mortar
● Quartz paint, Contextra
● Tile Adhesive & Tile Joint Fillers
● Geotextiles and other construction chemicals and materials
Tel: 0961955555
Address: Signal, around signal mall
❤7
👉DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONCRETE AND ASPHALT⤵️
🚧Concrete and asphalt are two popular materials used for pavement construction, each with its own characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages:
💫CONCRETE
1. COMPOSITION: Concrete is a mixture of cement, water, aggregate (sand, gravel, or crushed stone), and admixtures.
2. DURABILITY: Concrete is known for its high durability and long lifespan (20-30 years or more).
3. MAINTENANCE: Concrete requires less maintenance compared to asphalt.
4. APPEARANCE: Concrete has a rigid, solid appearance.
💫ASPHALT
1. COMPOSITION: Asphalt is a mixture of aggregate (sand, gravel, or crushed stone) and bitumen (a viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum).
2. DURABILITY: Asphalt has a relatively shorter lifespan (10-20 years) compared to concrete.
3. MAINTENANCE: Asphalt requires more frequent maintenance, such as sealing and resurfacing.
4. APPEARANCE: Asphalt has a flexible, dark-colored appearance.
📜KEY DIFFERENCES
1. MATERIAL COMPOSITION: Concrete is cement-based, while asphalt is bitumen-based.
2. DURABILITY AND LIFESPAN: Concrete is generally more durable and long-lasting than asphalt.
3. MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS: Concrete requires less maintenance than asphalt.
4. APPEARANCE AND FLEXIBILITY: Concrete is rigid, while asphalt is flexible.
📍Choosing between concrete and asphalt
⏺The choice between concrete and asphalt depends on various factors, including:
1. Climate and weather conditions
2. Traffic volume and load
3. Budget and maintenance considerations
4. Aesthetic preferences
⏺Both concrete and asphalt have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the best choice will depend on the specific needs and requirements of the project.
@etconp
🚧Concrete and asphalt are two popular materials used for pavement construction, each with its own characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages:
💫CONCRETE
1. COMPOSITION: Concrete is a mixture of cement, water, aggregate (sand, gravel, or crushed stone), and admixtures.
2. DURABILITY: Concrete is known for its high durability and long lifespan (20-30 years or more).
3. MAINTENANCE: Concrete requires less maintenance compared to asphalt.
4. APPEARANCE: Concrete has a rigid, solid appearance.
💫ASPHALT
1. COMPOSITION: Asphalt is a mixture of aggregate (sand, gravel, or crushed stone) and bitumen (a viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum).
2. DURABILITY: Asphalt has a relatively shorter lifespan (10-20 years) compared to concrete.
3. MAINTENANCE: Asphalt requires more frequent maintenance, such as sealing and resurfacing.
4. APPEARANCE: Asphalt has a flexible, dark-colored appearance.
📜KEY DIFFERENCES
1. MATERIAL COMPOSITION: Concrete is cement-based, while asphalt is bitumen-based.
2. DURABILITY AND LIFESPAN: Concrete is generally more durable and long-lasting than asphalt.
3. MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS: Concrete requires less maintenance than asphalt.
4. APPEARANCE AND FLEXIBILITY: Concrete is rigid, while asphalt is flexible.
📍Choosing between concrete and asphalt
⏺The choice between concrete and asphalt depends on various factors, including:
1. Climate and weather conditions
2. Traffic volume and load
3. Budget and maintenance considerations
4. Aesthetic preferences
⏺Both concrete and asphalt have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the best choice will depend on the specific needs and requirements of the project.
@etconp
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