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ππ TSEGAYE and YOHANNES J-α¦αα΅ & PLATE ππ ππ
π§Ώ OUR SERVICES ‡οΈ
π²Plate
βοΈ J-Bolt
βAnchor Bolt
β½Tie Rod
πππscrapπ§πͺπ
Phone : π€³0938494506
π€³ 0951087077
π€³ 0929044037
α₯ααα°αααα::
πα α΅α«α»α¦ ααα«αΆ ααα αα½ α°α« α¨αα΅ α°α« α¨α α₯α
https://t.me/tsegaye2016Jbolt
β€3π₯1
πSustainable construction
π«Sustainable construction prioritizes building practices that minimize environmental impact and maximize social and economic benefits throughout a building's lifecycle.
π§This involves using environmentally responsible materials, improving energy efficiency, reducing waste, and promoting human health and well-being within the building.
πKey aspects of sustainable construction includeπ
π΅ Material Selection:
βΊChoosing sustainable materials like recycled, renewable, or low-carbon materials. This can include recycled steel, timber from sustainably managed forests, or locally sourced materials to reduce transportation emissions.
π΅ Energy Efficiency:
βΊDesigning buildings that are energy-efficient through techniques like passive solar design, high-performance insulation, and efficient HVAC systems.
π΅ Waste Reduction:
Minimizing waste during construction through practices like waste sorting, material reuse, and deconstruction for future use.
π΅ Water Conservation:
βΊImplementing water-efficient fixtures, rainwater harvesting systems, and greywater recycling.
π΅ Indoor Environmental Quality:
βΊEnsuring good indoor air quality through the use of low-VOC paints and adhesives, proper ventilation, and natural light.
π΅ Circular Economy Principles:
βΊAdopting strategies that promote the reuse, repurposing, and recycling of materials and components.
π΅ Social and Economic Considerations:
βΊEnsuring fair labor practices, supporting local businesses, and creating affordable and accessible housing.
πBenefits of Sustainable Construction:
π΅ Reduced Environmental Impact: Minimizing the use of resources, reducing carbon emissions, and preserving ecosystems.
π΅ Lower Operating Costs: Energy-efficient buildings and water-saving fixtures can lead to lower energy and water bills.
π΅ Improved Indoor Environment: Healthier and more comfortable spaces for occupants.
π΅ Increased Building Durability: Sustainable materials and construction methods can lead to longer-lasting buildings.
π΅ Enhanced Social and Economic Benefits: Supporting local communities and creating jobs.
π In conclusion, sustainable construction is a holistic approach that considers the entire life cycle of a building, from design and construction to operation and eventual deconstruction, with the goal of minimizing environmental impact and maximizing social and economic benefits.
@etconp
π«Sustainable construction prioritizes building practices that minimize environmental impact and maximize social and economic benefits throughout a building's lifecycle.
π§This involves using environmentally responsible materials, improving energy efficiency, reducing waste, and promoting human health and well-being within the building.
πKey aspects of sustainable construction includeπ
π΅ Material Selection:
βΊChoosing sustainable materials like recycled, renewable, or low-carbon materials. This can include recycled steel, timber from sustainably managed forests, or locally sourced materials to reduce transportation emissions.
π΅ Energy Efficiency:
βΊDesigning buildings that are energy-efficient through techniques like passive solar design, high-performance insulation, and efficient HVAC systems.
π΅ Waste Reduction:
Minimizing waste during construction through practices like waste sorting, material reuse, and deconstruction for future use.
π΅ Water Conservation:
βΊImplementing water-efficient fixtures, rainwater harvesting systems, and greywater recycling.
π΅ Indoor Environmental Quality:
βΊEnsuring good indoor air quality through the use of low-VOC paints and adhesives, proper ventilation, and natural light.
π΅ Circular Economy Principles:
βΊAdopting strategies that promote the reuse, repurposing, and recycling of materials and components.
π΅ Social and Economic Considerations:
βΊEnsuring fair labor practices, supporting local businesses, and creating affordable and accessible housing.
πBenefits of Sustainable Construction:
π΅ Reduced Environmental Impact: Minimizing the use of resources, reducing carbon emissions, and preserving ecosystems.
π΅ Lower Operating Costs: Energy-efficient buildings and water-saving fixtures can lead to lower energy and water bills.
π΅ Improved Indoor Environment: Healthier and more comfortable spaces for occupants.
π΅ Increased Building Durability: Sustainable materials and construction methods can lead to longer-lasting buildings.
π΅ Enhanced Social and Economic Benefits: Supporting local communities and creating jobs.
π In conclusion, sustainable construction is a holistic approach that considers the entire life cycle of a building, from design and construction to operation and eventual deconstruction, with the goal of minimizing environmental impact and maximizing social and economic benefits.
@etconp
β€10π₯1
πRANKINEβS THEORY
βΊRankine (1857) developed his theory of lateral earth pressure when the backfill consists of dry, cohesionless soil.
βΊThe theory was later extended by Resal (1910) and Bell (1915) to be applicable to cohesive soils.
πThe following are the important assumptions in Rankineβs theory:
π«(i) The soil mass is semi infinite, homogeneous, dry and cohesionless.
π«(ii) The ground surface is a plane which may be horizontal or inclined.
π«(iii) The face of the wall in contact with the backfill is vertical and smooth. In other words, the friction between the wall and the backfill is neglected (This amounts to ignoring the presence of the wall).
π«(iv) The wall yields about the base sufficiently for the active pressure conditions to develop; if it is the passive case that is under consideration, the wall is taken to be pushed sufficiently towards the fill for the passive resistance to be fully mobilised. (Alternatively, it is taken that the soil mass is stretched or gets compressed adequately for attaining these states, respectively.
βΊFriction between the wall and fill is supposed to reduce the active earth pressure on the wall and increase the passive resistance of the soil. Similar is the effect of cohesion of the fill soil).
βΊThus it is seen that, by neglecting wall friction as also cohesion of the backfill, the geotechnical engineer errs on the safe side in the computation of both the active pressure and passive resistance.
βΊAlso, the fill is usually of cohesionless soil, wherever possible, from the point of view of providing proper drainage.
@etconp
βΊRankine (1857) developed his theory of lateral earth pressure when the backfill consists of dry, cohesionless soil.
βΊThe theory was later extended by Resal (1910) and Bell (1915) to be applicable to cohesive soils.
πThe following are the important assumptions in Rankineβs theory:
π«(i) The soil mass is semi infinite, homogeneous, dry and cohesionless.
π«(ii) The ground surface is a plane which may be horizontal or inclined.
π«(iii) The face of the wall in contact with the backfill is vertical and smooth. In other words, the friction between the wall and the backfill is neglected (This amounts to ignoring the presence of the wall).
π«(iv) The wall yields about the base sufficiently for the active pressure conditions to develop; if it is the passive case that is under consideration, the wall is taken to be pushed sufficiently towards the fill for the passive resistance to be fully mobilised. (Alternatively, it is taken that the soil mass is stretched or gets compressed adequately for attaining these states, respectively.
βΊFriction between the wall and fill is supposed to reduce the active earth pressure on the wall and increase the passive resistance of the soil. Similar is the effect of cohesion of the fill soil).
βΊThus it is seen that, by neglecting wall friction as also cohesion of the backfill, the geotechnical engineer errs on the safe side in the computation of both the active pressure and passive resistance.
βΊAlso, the fill is usually of cohesionless soil, wherever possible, from the point of view of providing proper drainage.
@etconp
β€15π1
πThe initial setting of cement is primarily caused by the rapid hydration of tricalcium aluminate (C3A) when it comes into contact with water.
π«This reaction leads to the formation of a gel-like substance that begins to solidify the cement paste.
πHere's a more detailed explanation:
βΊTricalcium Aluminate (C3A):
This compound is the most reactive component in cement with water, and its rapid hydration is responsible for the initial setting.
βΊHydration:When cement is mixed with water, the water molecules react with the cement compounds, a process called hydration. This reaction releases heat (heat of hydration).
βΊGel Formation: As C3A hydrates, it forms a gel-like structure, primarily calcium aluminate hydrate. This gel starts to bind the cement particles together, leading to the initial stiffening of the cement paste.
βΊOther Compounds: While C3A is the main driver of initial setting, other compounds like tricalcium silicate (C3S) and dicalcium silicate (C2S) also contribute to the setting process, but their reactions are slower and contribute more to the later strength development.
@etconp
π«This reaction leads to the formation of a gel-like substance that begins to solidify the cement paste.
πHere's a more detailed explanation:
βΊTricalcium Aluminate (C3A):
This compound is the most reactive component in cement with water, and its rapid hydration is responsible for the initial setting.
βΊHydration:When cement is mixed with water, the water molecules react with the cement compounds, a process called hydration. This reaction releases heat (heat of hydration).
βΊGel Formation: As C3A hydrates, it forms a gel-like structure, primarily calcium aluminate hydrate. This gel starts to bind the cement particles together, leading to the initial stiffening of the cement paste.
βΊOther Compounds: While C3A is the main driver of initial setting, other compounds like tricalcium silicate (C3S) and dicalcium silicate (C2S) also contribute to the setting process, but their reactions are slower and contribute more to the later strength development.
@etconp
π10β€3π2
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#FirstSafety
@etconp
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#FirstSafety
@etconp
π19β€8
2437. A hinge support in a beam can resist
Anonymous Quiz
17%
bending moment only
51%
both horizontal and vertical forces
22%
only vertical force
10%
only horizontal force
π11β€2
2436. If a building settles by 100 mm in a 5-year-period after construction, the type of soil below the foundation is _ and the reason of settlement is _.
Anonymous Quiz
13%
sandy, compaction
24%
clayey, compaction
28%
sandy, consolidation
35%
clayey, consolidation
π8β€4
2435. For slender cylinders, as the height to lateral dimension ratio of the concrete specimen increases, the compressive strength:
Anonymous Quiz
12%
remains constant
46%
decreases
29%
increases
14%
first increases, then decreases
π8β€3
2433. if the compacting factor of concrete mix is 0.92, its workability is
Anonymous Quiz
15%
(a) very low
22%
(b) low
27%
(c) medium
36%
(d) high
π6β€4
2432. if the slump of concrete mix is 60mm, its workability is
Anonymous Quiz
13%
(a) very low
20%
(b) low
41%
(c) medium
26%
(d) high
π10β€5
2430. addition of pozzolanas in to concrete mixes improves
Anonymous Quiz
24%
(a) workability
29%
(b) resistance to chemical attack
42%
(c) both of the above
5%
(d) none of the above
π5β€2
2428. Which apparatus we need to find soundness?
Anonymous Quiz
18%
(a) Le Chatelier
50%
(b) Vicatβs apparatus
19%
(c) CTM
13%
(d) Pat test
π7β€6
2426. When concrete is to be laid under water _ is to used.
Anonymous Quiz
46%
(a) Rapid Hardening Cement
16%
(b) Ordinary Portland Cement
27%
(c) Quick Setting Cement
11%
(d) Low Heat Cement
π6β€3
2422. Setting time of cement increases by adding
Anonymous Quiz
34%
(a) gypsum
30%
(b) calcium chloride
25%
(c) hydrogen peroxide
11%
(d) sodium oxide
β€10π3
2392. Which of the following factors is included in the limit state of serviceability?
Anonymous Quiz
11%
(a) Brittle fracture
14%
(b) Fracture due to fatigue
20%
(c) Failure by excessive deformation
55%
(d) Deformation and deflection adversely affecting appearance or effective use of structure
π9
2391. Which of the following factors is included in the limit state of strength?
Anonymous Quiz
10%
(a) Fire
48%
(b) Failure by excessive deformation
11%
(c) Corrosion
30%
(d) Repairable damage or crack due to fatigue
β€15π₯°2