ከተማ ላይ የመንገድ ንድፍ

ከተሽከርካሪ ተኮር ወደ ብዝሀ ተኮር መንገድ ንድፍ ሽግግር

የአንድን መንገድ ተጠቃሚዎች ለማብዛት ተሽከርካሪዎችን ሳይሆን ሰውን ነው ማብዛት ያለብን።

መንገዶችን ከመኪና ተኮር እግረኞችን ጨምሮ ወደ ብዝሀ ተጠቃሚ ተኮር (multi modal street) መንገዶች መለወጥ ይኖርብናል።

የተያያዘው ምስል ይሄንን ለውጥ የተገበረ በማካቲ ፊሊፒንስ የሚገኝ የመንገድ ምስል ነው።

Via Strong Towns

@etconp

👉Why is concrete strong in compression?

🌟Concrete is a heterogeneous material which is made up of cement (15–20%), Sand (25–30%), Coarse Aggregate (55–60%) and air (2–4%).

🌟Compressive strength of concrete is based on the least of the compressive strength of cement-sand mixture, coarse aggregate, and the bond between C/S mixture and coarse aggregate.

🌟Usually all three of these are comparable in compressive strength and none of them are particularity weak in compression hence, compressive strength of concrete is quite high as compared to its strength in tension.

🌟Moreover given the fact that coarse aggregate occupies largest volume in concrete, its has the largest effect on the compressive strength of concrete. Usually coarse aggregate is the strongest of the three components in concrete, unless it is a high strength concrete (fc’>8,000 psi) in which case failure can occur due to shearing of coarse aggregates.

@etconp

👉technology to help ease cementing with faster speed and better quality

@etconp

👉Construction of an arched super bridge

🚧This bridge is 528 meters long and is supposed to connect China to Myanmar.

@etconp

👉75 CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING INTERVIEW QUESTIONS:

1. What is bending moment (BM) & Shear force (SF) – Explain.
2. What are the steps involved in the concreting process, explain?
3. Describe briefly the various methods of concrete curing.
4. What is the minimum curing period?
5. What Do You Understand by M25 Concrete?
6. What is Water-Cement Ratio and How it is related to the strength of concrete?
7. What is a bearing capacity of soil?
8. How to increase the bearing capacity of soil?
9. What are the different types of foundation?
10. Explain moment of inertia and its importance.
11. How do we determine the specific gravity of a cement?
12. Density Of 1 cum cement?
13. What are the causes of building collapse?
14. What is bar bending schedule (BBS) & how to prepare it?
15. Why is concrete cube test carried out?
16. Why is concrete slump test carried out?
17. What is bleeding, segregation, honeycombing of concrete?
18. What is pre-stressed concrete? Which reinforcement is used in prestressed concrete?
19. What is the ratio of steel and concrete to use in slabs, beams, columns?
20. Difference between pre-tensioning and post-tensioning?
21. What are the weights of 16mm, 12mm, 20mm, 25mm, 8mm Dia. Bars.
22. What is the minimum Propping Period of Beams and Slabs of various Spans?
23. What are the advantages of Prestressed Concrete over R.C.C?
24. Quantity of materials required for different works.
25. Which is stronger solid steel rod or hollow steel pipe?
26. Initial & final setting time of concrete?
27. why we use steel reinforcement in concrete for construction?
28. Is brick strength more or concrete block?
29. How to Calculate Number of Bricks Per Square Foot?
30. 28 days compressive strength of concrete in PSI?
31. How to calculate the unit weight of steel bars?
32. What is Plinth Level and Sill Level?
33. What is Brest Wall?
34. What is Brick crushing strength(PSI)?
35. How many Types of  Joints are in Concrete Pavement ?
36. How can cracks in concrete be avoided?
37. How many types Of Damp proofing in construction?
38. 28 Days Strength of Concrete (1:2:4)?
39. How many types of slabs are there & how to design it?
40. How much is the cover for slab?
41. Maximum % of Steel in columns and beams?
42. What is fineness modulus?
43. What is Packing Factor?
44. Difference between one way slab & two way slab?
45. Difference between QA & QC?
46. What do you mean by Fe415?
47. What are the functions of a column in a building?
48. How many feet are in 4 square yards?
49. What is the average density of soil?
50. What is the ratio of Grades M5, M7.5, M10, M15, M20, M25, M30, M35, M40?
51. Why foundation is provided?
52. The concrete slump recommended for beams and slabs; is-
53. What is the meaning of soil reinforcement?
54. What is the different type of slump test indications?
55. What is buckling or crippling load?
56. Define slenderness ratio. What is its effect on the design of compression member?
57. Shear force and BM diagrams for different types of loadings on beams.
58. Difference between mild steel and HYSD bars?
59. What is meant by 80/100 grade bitumen?
60. What is differential settlement?
61. What does 33,43 and 53-grades of cement mean?
62. How do you construct a 25 storey building with no columns?
63. Types of loads on structure?
64. Difference between pre-tensioning and post-tensioning?
65. What is the L/D ratio of a cantilever beam?
66. What is camber?
67. What is batching? Difference between volume and weight batching?
68. How is a theodolite leveled?
69. What is a benchmark? Name the different types.
70. Types of admixtures?
71. What are the CAD softwares you have used?
72. Interpret a strss vs strain curve.
73. Define modulus of elasticity.
74. What are the chemical compositions of cement?
75. What is creep & shrinkage of concrete?

@etconp

✍Put Your Answer on Discussion Group Link Below

https://t.me/COTMp

What is the different between the one way slab and two way slab?

One Way Slab

one way slab is supported by beams on 2 sides of longer span (rectangular).

Two Way Slab

Two way slab is supported by beams on 4 sides of both span(square).

One way slab

In one way slab L/B>2 .here length is more than breadth

In one way slab the Main reinforcement should be provided on one direction.

The One way slab is supported by two parallel beams or walls.

In one way slab the Main bars Dia should be not less than 12 mm.

In one way slab the Distribution bars Dia should be not less than 8 mm.

Two way slab

In two way slab L/B<2 .here length and breadth are almost equal.

In two way slab the Main reinforcement should be provided on both direction.

The two way slab is supported by four parallel beams or walls.

Main bars Dia should be not less than 12 mm.

Distribution bars Dia should be not less than 8 mm.

Reinforcement of slab depends on size of room / slab.

@etconp

👉ጥቁር ምንጣፍ ወይስ አስፋልት ያስባለው አነጋጋሪው የህንድ አስፋልት🤔

🚧በህንድ ማሃራሽትራ ግዛት ጃልና የተሰኘው ወረዳ ነዋሪዎች ለአመታት የመንገድ ይገንባልን ጥያቄ በቅርቡ ምላሽ አግኝቷል። ነገር ግን ደስታቸውን የቅጽበት ሆኖ እንዲቀር የሚያደርግ ክስተት ገጥሟቸዋል ይላል የአልዐይን ዘገባ።

🚧የጠጠር መንገዳቸው የለበሰው አስፋልት በቀላሉ እንደምንጣፍ ሊነሳ የሚችል በሌላ ቋንቋም ጥቁር ምንጣፍ ሆኖ አግኝተውታል።😂

🚧በእጃቸው ሲያነሱትም ከስሩ ጨርቅ ነገር ለብሶ ከላዩ ላይ በስሱ አሽዋና ሬንጂ ተደርጎበት የተሰራ መሆኑንም ያረጋግጣሉ። መንገዱን የሰራውን ተቋራጭ ሲጠይቁት አዲስ የጀርመን ቴክኖሎጂ ተጠቅሜያለሁ ሲል ተሳልቋል።

@etconp

👉Point Should be know every Site Engineer.

There are some general points to remember for every site engineer to make easier work at site.

Lapping is not allowed for the 36 mm diameters bars or more.

Maximum spacing for chair per 1 No per 1m2.

Chairs minimum of 12 mm dia bars to be used.

For dowels rod minimum of 12 mm diameter should be used.

Minimum bars for square column is 4 Number and 6 Number for circular column.

Main or distribution bars in the slabs shall not be less than 8 mm.

Minimum thickness of slab is 125 mm.

Dimension tolerance for cubes is +- 2 mm.

Free fall of concrete is allowed maximum to 1m height.

Lap slices not be used for bar larger than 36 mm.

Water absorption of clay bricks should not be more than 15 %.

PH value of the water should not be less than 6 for concreting.

Compressive strength of clay Bricks is 3.5 N / mm2.

For steel reinforcement binding wire required is 8 kg per MT.

Density of Clay bricks is 1600 – 1920 kg/m3

Concrete blocks density is 1920 kg/m3.

Reinforcement concrete Density is 2350 kg/m3.

@etconp