Forwarded from 410 James A Donald (@RamonQuesada)
Transparency and Government.
By Craig Wright
15 Nov 2019
"In 2008, it was James Donald who argued with me in saying, “But the way I understand your proposal, it does not seem to scale to the required size.”
Where he argued that Bitcoin required monetary value and a very large network, he failed to understand that Bitcoin was not designed to be a system operating outside of government control. It was always designed to act within law. Bitcoin does not require hundreds of millions of people all interacting; I created simplified payment verification (SPV), allowing users to just be users. The problem here, of course, is that people like James Donald were not seeking a system that operated within the legal system. They dream of a system that acts outside of government and legislative control. The difficulty in creating Bitcoin lay in implementing a system that could not be subverted to act outside of legal and legislative controls but instead operate across international jurisdictional lines, provide monetary tracing, and continue without moving towards the anonymous monetary system that we have seen develop with all digital currencies prior to Bitcoin."
https://craigwright.net/blog/law-regulation/transparency-and-government/
By Craig Wright
15 Nov 2019
"In 2008, it was James Donald who argued with me in saying, “But the way I understand your proposal, it does not seem to scale to the required size.”
Where he argued that Bitcoin required monetary value and a very large network, he failed to understand that Bitcoin was not designed to be a system operating outside of government control. It was always designed to act within law. Bitcoin does not require hundreds of millions of people all interacting; I created simplified payment verification (SPV), allowing users to just be users. The problem here, of course, is that people like James Donald were not seeking a system that operated within the legal system. They dream of a system that acts outside of government and legislative control. The difficulty in creating Bitcoin lay in implementing a system that could not be subverted to act outside of legal and legislative controls but instead operate across international jurisdictional lines, provide monetary tracing, and continue without moving towards the anonymous monetary system that we have seen develop with all digital currencies prior to Bitcoin."
https://craigwright.net/blog/law-regulation/transparency-and-government/
El Criptodiario Noticioso: semillas de libertad
- tuCriptomoneda
16 noviembre, 2019
Por MERCURIUS GALLOBELGICUS
Semillas de libertad
"Tras celebrarse ayer el primer aniversario de Bitcoin SV con el DĂa de la Independencia de Bitcoin, hoy en Valencia se reĂşnen los pesos pesados de esta tecnologĂa para repasar todo lo que se ha avanzado en los Ăşltimos doce meses."
https://www.tucriptomoneda.com/el-criptodiario-noticioso-semillas-de-libertad/
- tuCriptomoneda
16 noviembre, 2019
Por MERCURIUS GALLOBELGICUS
Semillas de libertad
"Tras celebrarse ayer el primer aniversario de Bitcoin SV con el DĂa de la Independencia de Bitcoin, hoy en Valencia se reĂşnen los pesos pesados de esta tecnologĂa para repasar todo lo que se ha avanzado en los Ăşltimos doce meses."
https://www.tucriptomoneda.com/el-criptodiario-noticioso-semillas-de-libertad/
Tucriptomoneda
El Criptodiario Noticioso: semillas de libertad - tuCriptomoneda
En la era de la vigilancia masiva, las criptomonedas constituyen semillas de libertad para recuperar la economĂa. Un repaso a las noticias semanales.
Bitcoindepence Day
Sábado
16 de noviembre de 2019
Por JosĂ© A. GarcĂa Busto
mallorcadiario.com
"Desde hace solo un año volvemos a tener un Ăşnico bitcoin (con el nombre patentado, para más inri), libre e independizado de sus captores. Y en solo un año ha creado más aplicaciones que ninguna otra criptomoneda. Porque tiene claro el camino: estar cerca de la ley (no fuera), junto a las empresas (autĂ©nticos motores de la economĂa), junto a los bancos centrales (mejorando sus procesos y no en contra), junto a los gobiernos (no en frente) y porque no fomenta la especulaciĂłn ni el acopio de monedas sin más, a la espera de que se dispare el precio mediante la inyecciĂłn de dinero artificial (Âżles suena?), ..."
https://www.mallorcadiario.com/bitcoindepence-day
Sábado
16 de noviembre de 2019
Por JosĂ© A. GarcĂa Busto
mallorcadiario.com
"Desde hace solo un año volvemos a tener un Ăşnico bitcoin (con el nombre patentado, para más inri), libre e independizado de sus captores. Y en solo un año ha creado más aplicaciones que ninguna otra criptomoneda. Porque tiene claro el camino: estar cerca de la ley (no fuera), junto a las empresas (autĂ©nticos motores de la economĂa), junto a los bancos centrales (mejorando sus procesos y no en contra), junto a los gobiernos (no en frente) y porque no fomenta la especulaciĂłn ni el acopio de monedas sin más, a la espera de que se dispare el precio mediante la inyecciĂłn de dinero artificial (Âżles suena?), ..."
https://www.mallorcadiario.com/bitcoindepence-day
mallorcadiario.com
Bitcoindepence Day
La trama que envuelve el origen y los once primeros años de vida de bitcoin son dignos de pelĂcula. No se extrañen de que pronto salte a las pantallas. Y, más que para un largometraje, da para una serie de varias temporadas.
Un creador bajo pseudĂłnimo
Un creador bajo pseudĂłnimo
Forwarded from CSW. 300 Articles (@RamonQuesada)
SegWit-and-the-illusion-of-scale_5940411757.pdf
447.3 KB
The illusion of scale in segregated witness
Author: Craig Wright
"Abstract
Money gains value through use. As a limited quantity of money
chases a set value of wealth, .."
Author: Craig Wright
"Abstract
Money gains value through use. As a limited quantity of money
chases a set value of wealth, .."
Éste puede ser uno de los formatos de publicaciones de pago.
Satoshi Nakamoto Institute distances itself from Satoshi Nakamoto
– CoinBlockDesk
NOVEMBER 12, 2019
Founding member of the Satoshi Nakamoto Institute Pierre Rochard says despite the name of the foundation he helped establish, he felt Satoshi was probably someone he would block on Twitter today.
“Look, big blockers are all idiots. But I was reading some stuff on the Institute’s website the other day and I realised that Satoshi was actually a big blocker, ..."
Tip the Author and continue reading
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https://coinblockdesk.com/2019/11/12/satoshi-nakamoto-institute-distances-itself-from-satoshi-nakamoto/
Satoshi Nakamoto Institute distances itself from Satoshi Nakamoto
– CoinBlockDesk
NOVEMBER 12, 2019
Founding member of the Satoshi Nakamoto Institute Pierre Rochard says despite the name of the foundation he helped establish, he felt Satoshi was probably someone he would block on Twitter today.
“Look, big blockers are all idiots. But I was reading some stuff on the Institute’s website the other day and I realised that Satoshi was actually a big blocker, ..."
Tip the Author and continue reading
$0.23
https://coinblockdesk.com/2019/11/12/satoshi-nakamoto-institute-distances-itself-from-satoshi-nakamoto/
Un detalle mas sobre el tema anterior es que el articulo de Pierre Rochard un defensor de LN está en el Satoshi Nakamoto Institute y se paga con bsv, jejeje ironĂas del destino?
Pierre Rochard
Satoshi Nakamoto Institute
https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFAcryT1AbyxXYNwOw
Pierre Rochard
Satoshi Nakamoto Institute
https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFAcryT1AbyxXYNwOw
Telegram
SNI Pierre Rochard
Pierre Rochard
Satoshi Nakamoto Institute
https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFAcryT1AbyxXYNwOw
https://rochard.org/
https://twitter.com/pierre_rochard
https://github.com/pierrerochard
@RamonQuesadaNews
Satoshi Nakamoto Institute
https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFAcryT1AbyxXYNwOw
https://rochard.org/
https://twitter.com/pierre_rochard
https://github.com/pierrerochard
@RamonQuesadaNews
Voy a dejar esto por aquĂ a modo de reflexiĂłn y no a modo de debate, porque el debate podrĂa ser muy extenso, y espero que sigamos convirtiendo juntos muchos años aĂşn. (Y cada uno con sus propias convicciones, dicen que en la pluralidad de ideas está la riqueza)
Esto lo he oĂdo en más de una ocasiĂłn:"No se censura a la persona, sino a sus actos", es más importante entender: QUÉ se apoya, y no a QUIÉN se apoya.
Los lĂderes son importantes, pero más importante aĂşn son las reglas del juego claras e inamovibles y que las tengan que cumplir todos por igual.
Los que entienden el concepto básico de Bitcoin y están trabajando en bsv, esencialmente no están en contra de btc o bch, sino están en contra de lo que se le ha hecho al cĂłdigo o se le intenta hacer al protocolo, para que no cumpla las funciones originales de Bitcoin, a esas personas les chirrĂa el concepto de TRAZABILIDAD de las transacciones, no quieren el concepto de privado, quieren a toda costa el ANONIMATO, cuando Bitcoin siempre ha sido seudĂłnimo, no quieren un protocolo estable y que sea el mismo para TODOS, prefieren unas reglas de juego que se pueda manipular o susceptibles de influenciar por uno o varios individuos, incluso prefieren un grupo que se haga consenso a ellos mismos, emulando las reglas de la democracia, cosa que sabemos como se manipula actualmente, sin tener en cuenta la gobernanza del protocolo escrito en piedra y no estoy seguro de si a esas personas, les gusta el concepto de la INMUTABILIDAD de los datos.
Esto lo he oĂdo en más de una ocasiĂłn:"No se censura a la persona, sino a sus actos", es más importante entender: QUÉ se apoya, y no a QUIÉN se apoya.
Los lĂderes son importantes, pero más importante aĂşn son las reglas del juego claras e inamovibles y que las tengan que cumplir todos por igual.
Los que entienden el concepto básico de Bitcoin y están trabajando en bsv, esencialmente no están en contra de btc o bch, sino están en contra de lo que se le ha hecho al cĂłdigo o se le intenta hacer al protocolo, para que no cumpla las funciones originales de Bitcoin, a esas personas les chirrĂa el concepto de TRAZABILIDAD de las transacciones, no quieren el concepto de privado, quieren a toda costa el ANONIMATO, cuando Bitcoin siempre ha sido seudĂłnimo, no quieren un protocolo estable y que sea el mismo para TODOS, prefieren unas reglas de juego que se pueda manipular o susceptibles de influenciar por uno o varios individuos, incluso prefieren un grupo que se haga consenso a ellos mismos, emulando las reglas de la democracia, cosa que sabemos como se manipula actualmente, sin tener en cuenta la gobernanza del protocolo escrito en piedra y no estoy seguro de si a esas personas, les gusta el concepto de la INMUTABILIDAD de los datos.
Qué es Bitcoin?
Quiénes son los mineros y por qué son tan importantes para el funcionamiento de Bitcoin?
¿Quién es Satoshi Nakamoto?
La Historia de Bitcoin
Protocolos vs. SĂmbolos de CotizaciĂłn
ComparaciĂłn de protocolos
Las Festividades de Bitcoin
DĂa de la Independencia
https://bitcoinsv.com/es/learn
Quiénes son los mineros y por qué son tan importantes para el funcionamiento de Bitcoin?
¿Quién es Satoshi Nakamoto?
La Historia de Bitcoin
Protocolos vs. SĂmbolos de CotizaciĂłn
ComparaciĂłn de protocolos
Las Festividades de Bitcoin
DĂa de la Independencia
https://bitcoinsv.com/es/learn
Forwarded from 330 Daniel Connolly (@RamonQuesada)
Daniel Connolly - Bitcoin SV Lead Developer on Genesis Upgrade -
Bitstocks Podcast Ep. 15
•19 nov. 2019
Bitcoin SV lead developer, Daniel Connolly, joins Bitstocks’ CTO, David Arakelian in the studio to discuss the February 2020 Genesis upgrade and unleashing Bitcoin for mass adoption. In this rather technical session, the pair aim to answer some of the Bitcoin SV community’s burning questions about the upgrade that will restore the BSV protocol nearly entirely to the original Bitcoin protocol.
Quick Reference:
00:38 - Daniel’s background, history, current projects and motivation for working on Bitcoin SV.
02:04 - A day in the life of Bitcoin SV’s lead developer.
04:31 - The tipping point that triggered the block size debate.
09:22 - The features of the original Bitcoin that Genesis will unlock.
13:19 - Enabling more transaction types and layers going forward.
15:28 - The explosion of Op_return applications and fall-out.
18:15 - The misconception of decentralisation through non-mining node operators.
23:29 - Alternative business models for Bitcoin miners.
25:22 - The point of the Nakamoto Consensus mechanism.
28:57 - Mining-related upgrades in 2019.
32:08 - New software releases going live with Genesis.
37:25 - How the assumption of a 1Mb block size affects software development.
38:04 - The sunsetting of P2SH (Pay To Script Hash).
40:30 - SegWit - Hacking the Bitcoin system against its design.
43:02 - The plight of hobbyist network validators.
46:39 - The role that Bitcoin Cash is playing in the market.
50:19 - Potential dangers of removing all data limits.
----------------------------
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUDosU8UA2I&feature=youtu.be&utm_content=105800335&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter&hss_channel=tw-2800495464
Bitstocks Podcast Ep. 15
•19 nov. 2019
Bitcoin SV lead developer, Daniel Connolly, joins Bitstocks’ CTO, David Arakelian in the studio to discuss the February 2020 Genesis upgrade and unleashing Bitcoin for mass adoption. In this rather technical session, the pair aim to answer some of the Bitcoin SV community’s burning questions about the upgrade that will restore the BSV protocol nearly entirely to the original Bitcoin protocol.
Quick Reference:
00:38 - Daniel’s background, history, current projects and motivation for working on Bitcoin SV.
02:04 - A day in the life of Bitcoin SV’s lead developer.
04:31 - The tipping point that triggered the block size debate.
09:22 - The features of the original Bitcoin that Genesis will unlock.
13:19 - Enabling more transaction types and layers going forward.
15:28 - The explosion of Op_return applications and fall-out.
18:15 - The misconception of decentralisation through non-mining node operators.
23:29 - Alternative business models for Bitcoin miners.
25:22 - The point of the Nakamoto Consensus mechanism.
28:57 - Mining-related upgrades in 2019.
32:08 - New software releases going live with Genesis.
37:25 - How the assumption of a 1Mb block size affects software development.
38:04 - The sunsetting of P2SH (Pay To Script Hash).
40:30 - SegWit - Hacking the Bitcoin system against its design.
43:02 - The plight of hobbyist network validators.
46:39 - The role that Bitcoin Cash is playing in the market.
50:19 - Potential dangers of removing all data limits.
----------------------------
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUDosU8UA2I&feature=youtu.be&utm_content=105800335&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter&hss_channel=tw-2800495464
YouTube
Daniel Connolly - Bitcoin SV Lead Developer on Genesis Upgrade - Bitstocks Podcast Ep. 15
Bitcoin SV lead developer, Daniel Connolly, joins Bitstocks’ CTO, David Arakelian in the studio to discuss the February 2020 Genesis upgrade and unleashing B...
¿Qué es SegWit y qué supone para Bitcoin?
- tuCriptomoneda
"SegWit supuso un soft fork (un cambio en el protocolo sin que se divida la cadena) que se introdujo en la propuesta de mejora BIP141. Con ella se pretendĂa mitigar un problema de limitaciĂłn del tamaño de la blockchain que reducĂa la velocidad de las transacciones. Al dividir la transacciĂłn en dos segmentos, SegWit elimina la firma de desbloqueo (datos «testigo») y la añade como una estructura separada al final."
https://www.tucriptomoneda.com/segwit-bitcoin/
- tuCriptomoneda
"SegWit supuso un soft fork (un cambio en el protocolo sin que se divida la cadena) que se introdujo en la propuesta de mejora BIP141. Con ella se pretendĂa mitigar un problema de limitaciĂłn del tamaño de la blockchain que reducĂa la velocidad de las transacciones. Al dividir la transacciĂłn en dos segmentos, SegWit elimina la firma de desbloqueo (datos «testigo») y la añade como una estructura separada al final."
https://www.tucriptomoneda.com/segwit-bitcoin/
tuCriptomoneda
¿Qué es SegWit y qué supone para Bitcoin? - tuCriptomoneda
¿Qué supuso la actualización conocida como SegWit para la cadena de bloques de Bitcoin? ¿Por qué BTC dejó de ser Bitcoin a partir de su implementación?
Algunos ya se empiezan a poner nerviosos por si aparece el tal Satoshi Nakamoto y mueve sus bitcoins, y se empiezan a decir tonterias, cĂłmo se pueden destruir esos primeros bitcoins minados?
The recent Craig Wright-Satoshi Nakamoto debacle has spurred a new discussion as to what should happen with the coins mined by the mysterious Bitcoin creator. Theymos, the owner of BitcoinTalk, feels these coins should be destroyed to “prevent disastrous monetary inflation.”
https://news.bitcoin.com/theymos-bitcoins-satoshi-destroyed/
The recent Craig Wright-Satoshi Nakamoto debacle has spurred a new discussion as to what should happen with the coins mined by the mysterious Bitcoin creator. Theymos, the owner of BitcoinTalk, feels these coins should be destroyed to “prevent disastrous monetary inflation.”
https://news.bitcoin.com/theymos-bitcoins-satoshi-destroyed/
Bitcoin News
Theymos: "Bitcoins Belonging to Satoshi Should Be Destroyed"
This seems to be a strange statement, as no one has any idea whether or not Satoshi Nakamoto it still alive to this very day.
"El “protocolo Bitcoin” es el conjunto de reglas destinadas a permanecer bloqueadas, para gobernar el flujo de datos a través del software cliente y la red distribuida de nodos (mineros) empoderando a todo el sistema. El protocolo Bitcoin utiliza firmas digitales, pero no están encriptadas."
https://bitcoinsv.com/es/learn/what-is-bitcoin
https://bitcoinsv.com/es/learn/what-is-bitcoin
Bitcoin SV
¿Qué es Bitcoin?
Forwarded from Pavel Durov
In May, I predicted that backdoors in WhatsApp would keep getting discovered, and one serious security issue would follow another, as it did in the past [1]. This week a new backdoor was quietly found in WhatsApp [2]. Just like the previous WhatsApp backdoor and the one before it, this new backdoor made all data on your phone vulnerable to hackers and government agencies. All a hacker had to do was send you a video – and all your data was at the attacker’s mercy [3].
WhatsApp doesn’t only fail to protect your WhatsApp messages – this app is being consistently used as a Trojan horse to spy on your non-WhatsApp photos and messages. Why would they do it? Facebook has been part of surveillance programs long before it acquired WhatsApp [4][5]. It is naive to think the company would change its policies after the acquisition, which has been made even more obvious by the WhatsApp founder’s admission regarding the sale of WhatsApp to Facebook: “I sold my users’ privacy” [6].
Following the discovery of this week’s backdoor, Facebook tried to confuse the public by claiming they had no evidence that the backdoor had been exploited by hackers [7]. Of course, they have no such evidence – in order to obtain it, they would need to be able to analyze videos shared by WhatsApp users, and WhatsApp doesn’t permanently store video files on its servers (instead, it sends unencrypted messages and media of the vast majority of their users straight to Google’s and Apple’s servers [8]). So – nothing to analyze – “no evidence”. Convenient.
But rest assured, a security vulnerability of this magnitude is bound to have been exploited – just like the previous WhatsApp backdoor had been used against human rights activists and journalists naive enough to be WhatsApp users [9][10]. It was reported in September that the data obtained as a result of the exploitation of such WhatsApp backdoors will now be shared with other countries by US agencies [11][12].
Despite this ever-increasing evidence of WhatsApp being a honeypot for people that still trust Facebook in 2019, it might also be the case that WhatsApp just accidentally implements critical security vulnerabilities across all their apps every few months. I doubt that – Telegram, a similar app in its complexity, hasn’t had any issues of WhatsApp-level severity in the six years since its launch. It’s very unlikely that anyone can accidentally commit major security errors, conveniently suitable for surveillance, on a regular basis.
Regardless of the underlying intentions of WhatsApp’s parent company, the advice for their end-users is the same: unless you are cool with all your photos and messages becoming public one day, you should delete WhatsApp from your phone.
[1] – Why WhatsApp will never be secure
[2] – WhatsApp users urged to update app immediately over spying fears
[3] – WhatsApp Android and iOS users are now at risk from malicious video files
[4] – Everything you need to know about PRISM
[5] – NSA taps data from 9 major Net firms
[6] – WhatsApp co-founder Brian Acton: 'I sold my users' privacy'
[7] – Hackers can use a WhatsApp flaw in the way it handles video to take control of your phone
[8] – WhatsApp is storing unencrypted backup data on Google Drive
[9] – WhatsApp hack led to targeting of 100 journalists and dissidents
[10] – Exclusive: Government officials around the globe targeted for hacking through WhatsApp - sources
[11] – Police can access suspects’ Facebook and WhatsApp messages in deal with US
[12] – Facebook, WhatsApp Will Have to Share Messages With U.K.
WhatsApp doesn’t only fail to protect your WhatsApp messages – this app is being consistently used as a Trojan horse to spy on your non-WhatsApp photos and messages. Why would they do it? Facebook has been part of surveillance programs long before it acquired WhatsApp [4][5]. It is naive to think the company would change its policies after the acquisition, which has been made even more obvious by the WhatsApp founder’s admission regarding the sale of WhatsApp to Facebook: “I sold my users’ privacy” [6].
Following the discovery of this week’s backdoor, Facebook tried to confuse the public by claiming they had no evidence that the backdoor had been exploited by hackers [7]. Of course, they have no such evidence – in order to obtain it, they would need to be able to analyze videos shared by WhatsApp users, and WhatsApp doesn’t permanently store video files on its servers (instead, it sends unencrypted messages and media of the vast majority of their users straight to Google’s and Apple’s servers [8]). So – nothing to analyze – “no evidence”. Convenient.
But rest assured, a security vulnerability of this magnitude is bound to have been exploited – just like the previous WhatsApp backdoor had been used against human rights activists and journalists naive enough to be WhatsApp users [9][10]. It was reported in September that the data obtained as a result of the exploitation of such WhatsApp backdoors will now be shared with other countries by US agencies [11][12].
Despite this ever-increasing evidence of WhatsApp being a honeypot for people that still trust Facebook in 2019, it might also be the case that WhatsApp just accidentally implements critical security vulnerabilities across all their apps every few months. I doubt that – Telegram, a similar app in its complexity, hasn’t had any issues of WhatsApp-level severity in the six years since its launch. It’s very unlikely that anyone can accidentally commit major security errors, conveniently suitable for surveillance, on a regular basis.
Regardless of the underlying intentions of WhatsApp’s parent company, the advice for their end-users is the same: unless you are cool with all your photos and messages becoming public one day, you should delete WhatsApp from your phone.
[1] – Why WhatsApp will never be secure
[2] – WhatsApp users urged to update app immediately over spying fears
[3] – WhatsApp Android and iOS users are now at risk from malicious video files
[4] – Everything you need to know about PRISM
[5] – NSA taps data from 9 major Net firms
[6] – WhatsApp co-founder Brian Acton: 'I sold my users' privacy'
[7] – Hackers can use a WhatsApp flaw in the way it handles video to take control of your phone
[8] – WhatsApp is storing unencrypted backup data on Google Drive
[9] – WhatsApp hack led to targeting of 100 journalists and dissidents
[10] – Exclusive: Government officials around the globe targeted for hacking through WhatsApp - sources
[11] – Police can access suspects’ Facebook and WhatsApp messages in deal with US
[12] – Facebook, WhatsApp Will Have to Share Messages With U.K.
Sale una persona conocida en éste video y que tuvo que ver con la idea original del IoT Blockchain Camp Valencia 2018
https://www.arte.tv/es/videos/086130-016-A/blockchain-la-tecnologia-del-futuro/?xtor=CS1-73&kwp_0=1469074&kwp_4=4470417&kwp_1=1889222&fbclid=IwAR0aJ0mB12L1JqN-cPEY0JzgkJRhyk2pNi5vMCj8dMWk_JRPreFzTOht7es
https://www.arte.tv/es/videos/086130-016-A/blockchain-la-tecnologia-del-futuro/?xtor=CS1-73&kwp_0=1469074&kwp_4=4470417&kwp_1=1889222&fbclid=IwAR0aJ0mB12L1JqN-cPEY0JzgkJRhyk2pNi5vMCj8dMWk_JRPreFzTOht7es
ARTE
"Blockchain": La tecnologĂa del futuro - Xenius | ARTE en español
ÂżQuĂ© es el “blockchain”? ÂżCĂłmo funciona la “cadena de bloques”? El almacenamiento de informaciĂłn y la tecnologĂa de transmisiĂłn basada en una base de datos descentralizada supone una autĂ©ntica revoluciĂłn en la economĂa, especialmente en las transacciones…