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#ReadingPassagePractice1

Level : intermediate

Population decline did not mean economic collapse for London. Living standards for the majority may indeed have improved as the shortage of labor pushed up wages; space and housing were in more generous supply, and the encroachment of the suburbs on the green fields was halted. London in fact increased in importance relative to the rest of England. Though England’s involvement in warfare with France, especially in the 1340s and 1350s and from 1415 to 1453, was itself very costly, the financing of warfare and the marshalling of supplies and troops may well have given Londoners some opportunities for profit. Increasingly, from the late 14th century, English overseas trade was channeled through the Port of London, as the London-dominated associations of wool exporters and cloth merchants took control of the country’s two main export products. A strong trade axis between London and Antwerp developed in the later 15th century and the City’s role as a marketplace for imported goods expanded.

1. The word “halted” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. expanded
B. stopped
C. intensified
D. altered


2. The word “encroachment” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. improvement
B. gradual invasion
C. excessive development
D. substitution



3. The word “marshalling” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. bringing together
B. reducing
C. increasing
D. sustaining



Answer

1.b
2.b
3.a
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