👉በደሴ ከተማ በ357 ሚሊየን ብር የተገነባው ባለሰባት ወለል ስማርት ሲቲ የጋራ መኖሪያ አፖርታማ ሕንፃ ተመረቀ
💫በደሴ ከተማ በመናፈሻ ክፍለ ከተማ በቀድሞው ፔፕሴ ፋብሪካ አካባቢ በ 357 ሚሊየን ብር የተገነባው ባለሰባት ወለል ስማርት ሲቲ የጋራ መኖሪያ አፖርታማ ሕንፃ ተመርቋል።
የስማርት ሲቲ ኃላፊነቱ የተወሰነ የግል ማህበር ባለቤት አቶ ከድር አሊ፦ የደሴ ከተማን በዕድገት ሌሎች ከተሞች የደረሱበት ደረጃ ለማድረስ እና በኢንቨስትመንቱ ዘርፍ ለማሳደግ የተሠራ ሕንፃ ነው ብለዋል።
ስማርት ሲቲ የጋራ መኖሪያ አፖርታማ የራሱ የከርሰ ምድር ውሃ፣ የደህንነት መጠበቂያ ካሜራ፣ አስተማማኝ እና ዘመናዊ አሳንሰር፣ ዋይፋይ፣ ኪችን ካቤኔት የተገጠመለት ሲሆን፣ በተጨማሪም የእርድ ቦታ እና ሌሎች መሠረታዊ ፍላጎቶች መሟላታቸውን ገልጸዋል።
የአፖርታማ ግንባታው ተገንብቶ እስከሚጠናቀቅ ድረስ 400 ለሚደርሱ ሰዎች የሥራ ዕድል የፈጠረ መሆኑን ገልጸዋል።
ከተማው እያደገ ሲመጣ የማህበረሰብ ቁጥር እና የመኖሪያ ቤት ፈላጊው ይጨምራል ያሉት የደሴ ከተማ አስተዳደር ኢንቨስትመንት መምሪያ ኃላፊ አቶ አለባቸው ሠይድ በአቶ ከድር አሊ የተገነባው ስማርት ሲቲ የጋራ መኖሪያ አፖርታማ የዜጎችን የመኖሪያ ቤት ችግርን ይቀርፋል ብለዋል።
Via Dessie Communication
@etconp
💫በደሴ ከተማ በመናፈሻ ክፍለ ከተማ በቀድሞው ፔፕሴ ፋብሪካ አካባቢ በ 357 ሚሊየን ብር የተገነባው ባለሰባት ወለል ስማርት ሲቲ የጋራ መኖሪያ አፖርታማ ሕንፃ ተመርቋል።
በ500 መቶ ካሬ ቦታ ላይ ያረፈው ስማርት ሲቲ የጋራ መኖሪያ አፖርታማ ሕንፃ ግንባታው የተጀመረው በ2011 ዓ.ም ነበር።
የስማርት ሲቲ ኃላፊነቱ የተወሰነ የግል ማህበር ባለቤት አቶ ከድር አሊ፦ የደሴ ከተማን በዕድገት ሌሎች ከተሞች የደረሱበት ደረጃ ለማድረስ እና በኢንቨስትመንቱ ዘርፍ ለማሳደግ የተሠራ ሕንፃ ነው ብለዋል።
ስማርት ሲቲ የጋራ መኖሪያ አፖርታማው ባለአንድ መኝታ 13 ክፍሎች እና ባለሁለት መኝታ 28 ክፍሎች ያለው ሲሆን፣ ሁለት የድርጅት አገልግሎት የሚሠጡ ክፍሎችን ጨምሮ በአጠቃላይ 43 አባወራዎችን የሚይዝ ነው።
ስማርት ሲቲ የጋራ መኖሪያ አፖርታማ የራሱ የከርሰ ምድር ውሃ፣ የደህንነት መጠበቂያ ካሜራ፣ አስተማማኝ እና ዘመናዊ አሳንሰር፣ ዋይፋይ፣ ኪችን ካቤኔት የተገጠመለት ሲሆን፣ በተጨማሪም የእርድ ቦታ እና ሌሎች መሠረታዊ ፍላጎቶች መሟላታቸውን ገልጸዋል።
የአፖርታማ ግንባታው ተገንብቶ እስከሚጠናቀቅ ድረስ 400 ለሚደርሱ ሰዎች የሥራ ዕድል የፈጠረ መሆኑን ገልጸዋል።
ከተማው እያደገ ሲመጣ የማህበረሰብ ቁጥር እና የመኖሪያ ቤት ፈላጊው ይጨምራል ያሉት የደሴ ከተማ አስተዳደር ኢንቨስትመንት መምሪያ ኃላፊ አቶ አለባቸው ሠይድ በአቶ ከድር አሊ የተገነባው ስማርት ሲቲ የጋራ መኖሪያ አፖርታማ የዜጎችን የመኖሪያ ቤት ችግርን ይቀርፋል ብለዋል።
Via Dessie Communication
@etconp
❤15
👉አንድ ሚሊየን ተመልካቾች የሚይዝ ስታዲየም ይመጣል ወይንስ ሃሳብ ብቻ ሆኖ ይቀራል❓
በአለማችን ብዙ ተመልካች የመያዝ አቅም ያለው ግዙፍ ስታዲየም የሚገኘው በሰሜን ኮሪያ ነው።
በሰሜን ኮሪያ ዋና ከተማ ፒዮንግያንግ ውስጥ የሚገኘውና 114 ሺህ ተመልካቾችን የማስተናገድ አቅም ያለው " Rungrado 1st of May Stadium" ከእግር ኳስ እና አትሌቲክስ ስፖርታዊ ውድድሮች በተጨማሪ ትላልቅ የመዝናኛ መርሃ ግብሮችን በማካሄድም ይታወቃል።
ይሁን እንጂ፣ አሜሪካዊው Paul Pfeiffer ወደፊት በአለማችን አንድ ሚሊዮን መቀመጫ ያለው ስታዲየም መገንባቱ አይቀሬ መሆኑን ይናገራል።
ፖል ይህን ሃሳቡን ለማሳካት አንድ ሚሊዮን ተመልካቾችን የሚይዝ የስታዲየም ንድፍን ሠርቶ ለዕይታ አቅርቧል።
በዘመናዊ የስነጥበብ ሙዚየም ውስጥ ለእይታ የበቃው የፖል ሃሳባዊ ንድፍ አንድ ሚሊዮን ተመልካቾችን ለማስተናገድ የተነደፈ የስታዲየም ሞዴል ነው።
ይህ ምስል አሁን ካለው የአለም ትልቁ ስታዲየም ተመልካቾችን በመያዝ አቅም በአስር እጥፍ የሚበልጥ ነው። ምንም እንኳን ሞዴሉ 10 ጫማ ርዝመት ያለው ቢሆንም፣ የስታዲየሙ ግንባታ እውን ቢሆን ግን የሚኖረው ርዝመት የ14 ፎቅ ቁመት ያህል ነው።
@etconp
በአለማችን ብዙ ተመልካች የመያዝ አቅም ያለው ግዙፍ ስታዲየም የሚገኘው በሰሜን ኮሪያ ነው።
በሰሜን ኮሪያ ዋና ከተማ ፒዮንግያንግ ውስጥ የሚገኘውና 114 ሺህ ተመልካቾችን የማስተናገድ አቅም ያለው " Rungrado 1st of May Stadium" ከእግር ኳስ እና አትሌቲክስ ስፖርታዊ ውድድሮች በተጨማሪ ትላልቅ የመዝናኛ መርሃ ግብሮችን በማካሄድም ይታወቃል።
ከዚያ ውጪ በአለማችን የሚገኙ ብዙዎቹ ስታዲየሞች ተመልካች የመያዝ አቅማቸው ከ100 ሺህ በታች ነው።
ይሁን እንጂ፣ አሜሪካዊው Paul Pfeiffer ወደፊት በአለማችን አንድ ሚሊዮን መቀመጫ ያለው ስታዲየም መገንባቱ አይቀሬ መሆኑን ይናገራል።
ፖል ይህን ሃሳቡን ለማሳካት አንድ ሚሊዮን ተመልካቾችን የሚይዝ የስታዲየም ንድፍን ሠርቶ ለዕይታ አቅርቧል።
በዘመናዊ የስነጥበብ ሙዚየም ውስጥ ለእይታ የበቃው የፖል ሃሳባዊ ንድፍ አንድ ሚሊዮን ተመልካቾችን ለማስተናገድ የተነደፈ የስታዲየም ሞዴል ነው።
ይህ ምስል አሁን ካለው የአለም ትልቁ ስታዲየም ተመልካቾችን በመያዝ አቅም በአስር እጥፍ የሚበልጥ ነው። ምንም እንኳን ሞዴሉ 10 ጫማ ርዝመት ያለው ቢሆንም፣ የስታዲየሙ ግንባታ እውን ቢሆን ግን የሚኖረው ርዝመት የ14 ፎቅ ቁመት ያህል ነው።
የፖልን ንድፍ የተመለከቱና አንድ ሚሊዮን ተመልካቾች የሚይዝ ስታዲየም ከምናብ ወጥቶ አንድ ቀን ዕውን የሚሆንበት ቀን መቼ ነው በሚል እየሞገቱ ቢሆንም፣ ጥያቄውን በቅርብ አመታት ውስጥ ለመመለስ ያስቸግራል በሚል ሃሳባቸውን የሚያጋሩ ባለሙያዎች ግን ብዙ ናቸው።
@etconp
❤10
👉የስራ ቅጥር ማስታወቂያ
⭐️የቧንቧ ሰራተኛ
📍አዲስአበባ
🚧በቴክኒክና ሙያ ደረጃ 4/3 በተመሳሳይ የትምህርት መስክ የተመረቀ/ች አግባብ ከሆነ የስራ ልምድ ጋር
📜ዋና ኃላፊነቶች፡
- በጣም ጥሩው እጩ የውሃ አቅርቦት፣ የፍሳሽ ማስወገጃ እና የንፅህና አጠባበቅ ስርዓቶች፣ ንድፎችን የማንበብ እና የደህንነት ደንቦችን የመከተል ችሎታ ሊኖረው ይገባል።
- የውሃ አቅርቦት መስመሮችን, የፍሳሽ ማስወገጃ ስርዓቶችን እና የጋዝ መስመሮችን መትከል, መጠገን እና ማቆየት
- የቧንቧ ጉዳዮችን መመርመር እና ፍሳሾችን መዝጋት እና ሌሎች ጉድለቶችን መጠገን
- ንድፎችን, ቴክኒካዊ ንድፎችን እና የግንባታ ኮዶችን ማንበብ እና መተርጎም
- እንደ ማጠቢያዎች, መጸዳጃ ቤቶች, ቧንቧዎች, የውሃ ማሞቂያዎች እና እቃዎች የመሳሰሉ መገልገያዎችን መጠገን
- ለፍሳሽ የቧንቧ መስመሮችን መፈተሽ እና ትክክለኛ ተግባራትን ማረጋገጥ
- ፕሮጀክቶችን ለማጠናቀቅ የኤሌክትሪክ ባለሙያዎችን እና የግንባታ ሰራተኞችን ጨምሮ ከሌሎች ባለሙያዎች ጋር መስራት
- የደህንነት ደረጃዎችን እና የግንባታ ደንቦችን መከታተል
⏺Quanitity Required: 15
⏺Minimum Years Of Experience: #1_years
⚡️Deadline: August 13, 2025
📩How To Apply: ይህንን የቴሌግራም ሊንክ በመጠቀም ያመልክቱ @Heranye
@etconp
⭐️የቧንቧ ሰራተኛ
📍አዲስአበባ
🚧በቴክኒክና ሙያ ደረጃ 4/3 በተመሳሳይ የትምህርት መስክ የተመረቀ/ች አግባብ ከሆነ የስራ ልምድ ጋር
📜ዋና ኃላፊነቶች፡
- በጣም ጥሩው እጩ የውሃ አቅርቦት፣ የፍሳሽ ማስወገጃ እና የንፅህና አጠባበቅ ስርዓቶች፣ ንድፎችን የማንበብ እና የደህንነት ደንቦችን የመከተል ችሎታ ሊኖረው ይገባል።
- የውሃ አቅርቦት መስመሮችን, የፍሳሽ ማስወገጃ ስርዓቶችን እና የጋዝ መስመሮችን መትከል, መጠገን እና ማቆየት
- የቧንቧ ጉዳዮችን መመርመር እና ፍሳሾችን መዝጋት እና ሌሎች ጉድለቶችን መጠገን
- ንድፎችን, ቴክኒካዊ ንድፎችን እና የግንባታ ኮዶችን ማንበብ እና መተርጎም
- እንደ ማጠቢያዎች, መጸዳጃ ቤቶች, ቧንቧዎች, የውሃ ማሞቂያዎች እና እቃዎች የመሳሰሉ መገልገያዎችን መጠገን
- ለፍሳሽ የቧንቧ መስመሮችን መፈተሽ እና ትክክለኛ ተግባራትን ማረጋገጥ
- ፕሮጀክቶችን ለማጠናቀቅ የኤሌክትሪክ ባለሙያዎችን እና የግንባታ ሰራተኞችን ጨምሮ ከሌሎች ባለሙያዎች ጋር መስራት
- የደህንነት ደረጃዎችን እና የግንባታ ደንቦችን መከታተል
⏺Quanitity Required: 15
⏺Minimum Years Of Experience: #1_years
⚡️Deadline: August 13, 2025
📩How To Apply: ይህንን የቴሌግራም ሊንክ በመጠቀም ያመልክቱ @Heranye
@etconp
❤8
👍5❤2👏1
👉Here are some reasons why Roman roads may have lasted for so long:
⏺High-quality materials: The Romans used high-quality materials, such as large, close-fitting stones for the foundation of their roads.
⏺Drainage: Roman roads were built with a camber, which is a slight curvature that helps to drain water off the road. This helped to prevent the roads from being washed away by rain.
⏺Maintenance: Roman roads were regularly maintained by slaves and soldiers.
This maintenance helped to keep the roads in good repair and prevent them from deteriorating & That said, Roman roads were not perfect. They were narrow, and they could be dusty and uneven.
🏷They also weren’t designed to handle the kind of traffic that we see on roads today.
@etconp
⏺High-quality materials: The Romans used high-quality materials, such as large, close-fitting stones for the foundation of their roads.
⏺Drainage: Roman roads were built with a camber, which is a slight curvature that helps to drain water off the road. This helped to prevent the roads from being washed away by rain.
⏺Maintenance: Roman roads were regularly maintained by slaves and soldiers.
This maintenance helped to keep the roads in good repair and prevent them from deteriorating & That said, Roman roads were not perfect. They were narrow, and they could be dusty and uneven.
🏷They also weren’t designed to handle the kind of traffic that we see on roads today.
@etconp
❤12🙏2
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❤2
👉Design Requirements of Concrete Slabs According to the American Code (ACI 318-19)
——————————
⏺The American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-19) provides detailed guidelines for designing concrete slabs to ensure safety and the ability to withstand various loads. Here are the most important engineering requirements to consider:
====================
1️⃣ Types of Concrete Slabs According to ACI 318
🔹 Solid Slabs:
One-Way Slab: Longer span ≥ 2 × shorter span
Two-Way Slab: Longer span < 2 × shorter span
🔹 Hollow-Core Slabs: Used to reduce weight and improve thermal insulation.
🔹 Flat Slabs & Flat Plates: Used in residential and commercial buildings without beams.
🔹 Waffle & Ribbed Slabs: Used for heavy loads with hidden or exposed beams.
*****
2️⃣ Minimum Slab Thickness
As per ACI 318-19 (Section 7.3.1), the minimum thickness depends on the slab type and loading system:
✅ For Slabs Without Beams (Flat Slabs & Plates):
One-Way Slab:
Continuous over two or more supports: L/24
Continuous on all sides: L/28
Two-Way Slab (Directly supported by columns): L/30
✅ For Slabs With Beams:
Slab supported on all four sides by beams: L/36
Flat slabs with high loads: L/40
📌 Example:
If span (L) = 5 m, then minimum thickness for a one-way slab on two supports:
500 cm / 24 = 20.8 cm → Use at least 21 cm
⚠️ Note: Increase thickness for slabs exposed to seismic or heavy loads.
3️⃣ Minimum & Maximum Reinforcement Ratio
As per ACI 318-19 (Sections 7.6.1 & 7.6.2):
🔹 Minimum Main Reinforcement Ratio (Long Direction):
ρ_min = 0.0018 × f'c / fy
🔹 Maximum Main Reinforcement Ratio:
ρ_max = 0.75 × ρ_bal (where ρ_bal is the balanced ratio)
🚧Practical Tips:
📍For solid slabs, use top and bottom mesh with minimum spacing of 5 cm.
📍Provide extra top reinforcement near edges and columns to prevent early cracking.
________
4️⃣ Reinforcement Spacing Requirements As per ACI 318-19 (Section 7.6.5):
🔹 Maximum spacing between main bars:
Not more than ¾ slab thickness or 45 cm, whichever is less.
🔹 Minimum concrete cover:
20 mm for interior surfaces
25 mm for exterior exposed surfaces
====================
5️⃣ Load-Bearing Requirements
According to ACI 318-19 (Section 9.2.1):
Slabs must safely carry both live and dead loads using proper safety factors.
Load combination formula:
U = 1.2D + 1.6L
Where:
D = Dead Load
L = Live Load
🚧For seismic loads, slabs must be designed according to the building's flexibility and appropriate seismic coefficients.
6️⃣ Seismic Design Requirements As per ACI 318-19 (Chapter 18):
🔹 Increase reinforcement ratio in high seismic zones
🔹 Add more stirrups around columns to resist shear forces
🔹 Use additional bottom bars near columns to prevent shear and bending cracks
@etconp
——————————
⏺The American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-19) provides detailed guidelines for designing concrete slabs to ensure safety and the ability to withstand various loads. Here are the most important engineering requirements to consider:
====================
1️⃣ Types of Concrete Slabs According to ACI 318
🔹 Solid Slabs:
One-Way Slab: Longer span ≥ 2 × shorter span
Two-Way Slab: Longer span < 2 × shorter span
🔹 Hollow-Core Slabs: Used to reduce weight and improve thermal insulation.
🔹 Flat Slabs & Flat Plates: Used in residential and commercial buildings without beams.
🔹 Waffle & Ribbed Slabs: Used for heavy loads with hidden or exposed beams.
*****
2️⃣ Minimum Slab Thickness
As per ACI 318-19 (Section 7.3.1), the minimum thickness depends on the slab type and loading system:
✅ For Slabs Without Beams (Flat Slabs & Plates):
One-Way Slab:
Continuous over two or more supports: L/24
Continuous on all sides: L/28
Two-Way Slab (Directly supported by columns): L/30
✅ For Slabs With Beams:
Slab supported on all four sides by beams: L/36
Flat slabs with high loads: L/40
📌 Example:
If span (L) = 5 m, then minimum thickness for a one-way slab on two supports:
500 cm / 24 = 20.8 cm → Use at least 21 cm
⚠️ Note: Increase thickness for slabs exposed to seismic or heavy loads.
3️⃣ Minimum & Maximum Reinforcement Ratio
As per ACI 318-19 (Sections 7.6.1 & 7.6.2):
🔹 Minimum Main Reinforcement Ratio (Long Direction):
ρ_min = 0.0018 × f'c / fy
🔹 Maximum Main Reinforcement Ratio:
ρ_max = 0.75 × ρ_bal (where ρ_bal is the balanced ratio)
🚧Practical Tips:
📍For solid slabs, use top and bottom mesh with minimum spacing of 5 cm.
📍Provide extra top reinforcement near edges and columns to prevent early cracking.
________
4️⃣ Reinforcement Spacing Requirements As per ACI 318-19 (Section 7.6.5):
🔹 Maximum spacing between main bars:
Not more than ¾ slab thickness or 45 cm, whichever is less.
🔹 Minimum concrete cover:
20 mm for interior surfaces
25 mm for exterior exposed surfaces
====================
5️⃣ Load-Bearing Requirements
According to ACI 318-19 (Section 9.2.1):
Slabs must safely carry both live and dead loads using proper safety factors.
Load combination formula:
U = 1.2D + 1.6L
Where:
D = Dead Load
L = Live Load
🚧For seismic loads, slabs must be designed according to the building's flexibility and appropriate seismic coefficients.
6️⃣ Seismic Design Requirements As per ACI 318-19 (Chapter 18):
🔹 Increase reinforcement ratio in high seismic zones
🔹 Add more stirrups around columns to resist shear forces
🔹 Use additional bottom bars near columns to prevent shear and bending cracks
@etconp
❤22
👉HYDRAULICS QUIZ
💫1. Calculate the flow velocity using the continuity equation.
Given:
• Diameter at section 1 = 0.3 m,
• Velocity at section 1 = 4 m/s
• Diameter at section 2 = 0.15 m
Find the velocity at section 2.
Options:
A) 8 m/s
B) 12 m/s
C) 16 m/s ✅
D) 18 m/s
E) 20 m/s
Solution:
Using the continuity equation:
A₁V₁ = A₂V₂
(π/4) (0.3) ² × 4 = (π/4) (0.15) ² × V₂
(0.09) × 4 = (0.0225) × V₂
0.36 = 0.0225 × V₂
V₂ = 0.36 / 0.0225 = 16 m/s
💫2. A pipe with a diameter of 0.2 m carries water at a velocity of 3 m/s. What is the discharge?
Options:
A) 0.094 m³/s ✅
B) 0.050 m³/s
C) 0.125 m³/s
D) 0.070 m³/s
E) 0.200 m³/s
Solution:
Q = A × V = (π/4) (0.2) ² × 3 = (0.0314) × 3 = 0.094 m³/s
❇️3. Calculate the pressure head if the pressure at a point is 150 kPa. (Take ρ = 1000 kg/m³, g = 9.81 m/s²)
Options:
A) 10 m
B) 15.3 m
C) 20.4 m
D) 25.6 m ✅
E) 30 m
Solution:
h = P / (ρg) = 150,000 / (1000 × 9.81) = 25.6 m
💫4. Water flows at 2 m/s through a 100 mm diameter pipe. Find the Reynolds number. (Kinematic viscosity = 1×10⁻⁶5 m²/s)
Options:
A) 150,000
B) 200,000
C) 100,000 ✅
D) 50,000
E) 250,000
Solution:
Re = (V × D) / ν = (2 × 0.1) / (1×10⁻⁶) = 200,000
(Correct answer actually should be B)
✅ Corrected: B) 200,000
💫5. A tank drains water through a 0.1 m diameter orifice at its base. If water level is 4 m high, find the velocity at exit.
Options:
A) 5.6 m/s
B) 6.2 m/sy
C) 8.9 m/s ✅
D) 9.8 m/s
E) 10.5 m/s
Solution:
V = √(2gh) = √(2×9.81×4) = √78.48 = 8.9 m/s
💫6. Determine the head loss in a 50 m long pipe with a flow velocity of 2 m/s, friction factor f = 0.02, and diameter = 0.1 m.
Options:
A) 2.0 m
B) 3.5 m
C) 4.08 m ✅
D) 5.2 m
E) 6.1 m
Solution:
hₗ = f(L/D)(V²/2g) = 0.02 × (50/0.1) × (2² / 2×9.81)
= 0.02 × 500 × (4 / 19.62) = 10 × 0.204 = 2.04 m
✅ Corrected Answer: A) 2.04 m
💫7. If velocity = 3 m/s, area = 0.5 m², what is the flow rate Q?
Options:
A) 1.5 m³/s ✅
B) 0.3 m³/s
C) 6.0 m³/s
D) 3.5 m³/s
E) 2.0 m³/s
Solution:
Q = A × V = 0.5 × 3 = 1.5 m³/s
💫8. A hydraulic jump occurs with initial depth y₁ = 0.3 m and velocity V₁ = 6 m/s. What is Froude number? (g = 9.81 m/s²)
Options:
A) 1.5
B) 2.0
C) 3.4 ✅
D) 4.1
E) 5.0
Solution:
Fr = V₁ / √(g × y₁) = 6 / √(9.81 × 0.3) = 6 / √2.943 = 6 / 1.715 = 3.4
💫9. The discharge over a rectangular notch is 0.8 m³/s, width = 1 m, head = 0.4 m. Find coefficient of discharge Cd.
Options:
A) 0.5
B) 0.6
C) 0.62
D) 0.65
E) 0.64 ✅
Solution:
Q = (2/3)Cd × b × √(2g) × H^(3/2)
0.8 = (2/3)Cd × 1 × √(2×9.81) × (0.4)^(3/2)
0.8 = 0.6667 × Cd × 4.43 × 0.253
0.8 = Cd × 0.749
Cd = 0.8 / 0.749 = 0.64
❇️10. A reservoir has an area of 1000 m². If inflow rate is 2 m³/s and outflow is 1.5 m³/s, what is the rate of rise in water level?
Options:
A) 0.0005 m/s ✅
B) 0.001 m/s
C) 0.002 m/s
D) 0.005 m/s
E) 0.01 m/s
Solution:
Net inflow = 2 - 1.5 = 0.5 m³/s
Rate of rise = 0.5 / 1000 =0.0005 m/s
●《SUPPORT ME THROUGH 👉 SENDING 🌟》●
@etconp
💫1. Calculate the flow velocity using the continuity equation.
Given:
• Diameter at section 1 = 0.3 m,
• Velocity at section 1 = 4 m/s
• Diameter at section 2 = 0.15 m
Find the velocity at section 2.
Options:
A) 8 m/s
B) 12 m/s
C) 16 m/s ✅
D) 18 m/s
E) 20 m/s
Solution:
Using the continuity equation:
A₁V₁ = A₂V₂
(π/4) (0.3) ² × 4 = (π/4) (0.15) ² × V₂
(0.09) × 4 = (0.0225) × V₂
0.36 = 0.0225 × V₂
V₂ = 0.36 / 0.0225 = 16 m/s
💫2. A pipe with a diameter of 0.2 m carries water at a velocity of 3 m/s. What is the discharge?
Options:
A) 0.094 m³/s ✅
B) 0.050 m³/s
C) 0.125 m³/s
D) 0.070 m³/s
E) 0.200 m³/s
Solution:
Q = A × V = (π/4) (0.2) ² × 3 = (0.0314) × 3 = 0.094 m³/s
❇️3. Calculate the pressure head if the pressure at a point is 150 kPa. (Take ρ = 1000 kg/m³, g = 9.81 m/s²)
Options:
A) 10 m
B) 15.3 m
C) 20.4 m
D) 25.6 m ✅
E) 30 m
Solution:
h = P / (ρg) = 150,000 / (1000 × 9.81) = 25.6 m
💫4. Water flows at 2 m/s through a 100 mm diameter pipe. Find the Reynolds number. (Kinematic viscosity = 1×10⁻⁶5 m²/s)
Options:
A) 150,000
B) 200,000
C) 100,000 ✅
D) 50,000
E) 250,000
Solution:
Re = (V × D) / ν = (2 × 0.1) / (1×10⁻⁶) = 200,000
(Correct answer actually should be B)
✅ Corrected: B) 200,000
💫5. A tank drains water through a 0.1 m diameter orifice at its base. If water level is 4 m high, find the velocity at exit.
Options:
A) 5.6 m/s
B) 6.2 m/sy
C) 8.9 m/s ✅
D) 9.8 m/s
E) 10.5 m/s
Solution:
V = √(2gh) = √(2×9.81×4) = √78.48 = 8.9 m/s
💫6. Determine the head loss in a 50 m long pipe with a flow velocity of 2 m/s, friction factor f = 0.02, and diameter = 0.1 m.
Options:
A) 2.0 m
B) 3.5 m
C) 4.08 m ✅
D) 5.2 m
E) 6.1 m
Solution:
hₗ = f(L/D)(V²/2g) = 0.02 × (50/0.1) × (2² / 2×9.81)
= 0.02 × 500 × (4 / 19.62) = 10 × 0.204 = 2.04 m
✅ Corrected Answer: A) 2.04 m
💫7. If velocity = 3 m/s, area = 0.5 m², what is the flow rate Q?
Options:
A) 1.5 m³/s ✅
B) 0.3 m³/s
C) 6.0 m³/s
D) 3.5 m³/s
E) 2.0 m³/s
Solution:
Q = A × V = 0.5 × 3 = 1.5 m³/s
💫8. A hydraulic jump occurs with initial depth y₁ = 0.3 m and velocity V₁ = 6 m/s. What is Froude number? (g = 9.81 m/s²)
Options:
A) 1.5
B) 2.0
C) 3.4 ✅
D) 4.1
E) 5.0
Solution:
Fr = V₁ / √(g × y₁) = 6 / √(9.81 × 0.3) = 6 / √2.943 = 6 / 1.715 = 3.4
💫9. The discharge over a rectangular notch is 0.8 m³/s, width = 1 m, head = 0.4 m. Find coefficient of discharge Cd.
Options:
A) 0.5
B) 0.6
C) 0.62
D) 0.65
E) 0.64 ✅
Solution:
Q = (2/3)Cd × b × √(2g) × H^(3/2)
0.8 = (2/3)Cd × 1 × √(2×9.81) × (0.4)^(3/2)
0.8 = 0.6667 × Cd × 4.43 × 0.253
0.8 = Cd × 0.749
Cd = 0.8 / 0.749 = 0.64
❇️10. A reservoir has an area of 1000 m². If inflow rate is 2 m³/s and outflow is 1.5 m³/s, what is the rate of rise in water level?
Options:
A) 0.0005 m/s ✅
B) 0.001 m/s
C) 0.002 m/s
D) 0.005 m/s
E) 0.01 m/s
Solution:
Net inflow = 2 - 1.5 = 0.5 m³/s
Rate of rise = 0.5 / 1000 =0.0005 m/s
●《SUPPORT ME THROUGH 👉 SENDING 🌟》●
@etconp
👍21❤12👏2
👉JOB VACANCY
⭐️Design Coordinator
📍Addis Ababa
💫Bachelor's Degree in Architecture, Civil Engineering, or in a related field of study with relevant work experience, out of which 1 year in a senior position.
🏷Duties & Responsibilities:
- Conducts and manages activities to conceptualize, evaluate alternatives, and receive approvals for project implementation:
- Defines project work scopes, coordinates with permitting and public/private utility agencies, collects and reviews project documentation, performs field data collection, analyzes alternatives, and prepares recommendations and applications. Create and maintain BIM software template files to ensure standards.
- Collaborates with engineers, client, consultants, permit agencies, suppliers, and subcontractors during all phases of projects, and identifies and addresses immediate project needs during the construction phase, ensuring standard production and documentation of all design documents.
⏺Quanitity Required: 3
⏺Minimum Years Of Experience: #5_years
⚡️Deadline: August 11, 2025
📩How To Apply: Apply using the provided link below👇
Note: use this Vacancy Code - Hahu/Des 001/2025
https://forms.office.com/Pages/ResponsePage.aspx?id=fbibbAsHyk2HrMuCOdJR7l_tOeSslK1NsGRsQb8bHJdURUg0Q1JGN1VVNUs0MlNZSUFDRzFGVFk1My4u
⭐️Design Coordinator
📍Addis Ababa
💫Bachelor's Degree in Architecture, Civil Engineering, or in a related field of study with relevant work experience, out of which 1 year in a senior position.
🏷Duties & Responsibilities:
- Conducts and manages activities to conceptualize, evaluate alternatives, and receive approvals for project implementation:
- Defines project work scopes, coordinates with permitting and public/private utility agencies, collects and reviews project documentation, performs field data collection, analyzes alternatives, and prepares recommendations and applications. Create and maintain BIM software template files to ensure standards.
- Collaborates with engineers, client, consultants, permit agencies, suppliers, and subcontractors during all phases of projects, and identifies and addresses immediate project needs during the construction phase, ensuring standard production and documentation of all design documents.
⏺Quanitity Required: 3
⏺Minimum Years Of Experience: #5_years
⚡️Deadline: August 11, 2025
📩How To Apply: Apply using the provided link below👇
Note: use this Vacancy Code - Hahu/Des 001/2025
https://forms.office.com/Pages/ResponsePage.aspx?id=fbibbAsHyk2HrMuCOdJR7l_tOeSslK1NsGRsQb8bHJdURUg0Q1JGN1VVNUs0MlNZSUFDRzFGVFk1My4u
❤12
👉JOB VACANCY
⭐️ጠቅላላ የ ሳኒተሪ ቴክኒሻን
#Addis_Ababa
🚧በቴክኒክና ሙያ ደረጃ 4 ወይም ደረጃ 3 በተመሳሳይ የትምህርት ዘርፍ የተመረቀ አግባብ ከሆነ የስራ ልምድ ጋር
💫ዋና ኃላፊነቶች፡
- የፍሳሽ ማስወገጃ እና የዝናብ ውሃ መስመሮችን አጠባበቅ ስርዓቶች መከታተል፣ ንድፎችን የማንበብ እና የደህንነት ደንቦችን የመከተል ችሎታ ሊኖረው ይገባል።
- የውሃ ፍሳሽ አቅርቦት መስመሮችን, የፍሳሽ ማስወገጃ ስርዓቶችን መጠገን እና ማቆየት
- የውሃ ፍሳሾችን ጉዳዮችን መመርመር እና ፍሳሾችን መከታተል እና ሌሎች ጉድለቶችን መጠገን
- ንድፎችን, ቴክኒካዊ ንድፎችን እና የግንባታ ኮዶችን ማንበብ እና መተርጎም
⏺Quanitity Required: 1
⏺Minimum Years Of Experience: #2_years
⚡️Deadline: August 15, 2025
📩How To Apply: አመልካቾች ዋናውን የትምህርት እና የስራ ልምድ ማስረጃችኡን ከታች ያለውን ሊንክ በመጠቀም ወይም በኢሜል: mehanaimgc@gmail.com በመላክ መመዝገብ ይችላሉ።
@etconp
⭐️ጠቅላላ የ ሳኒተሪ ቴክኒሻን
#Addis_Ababa
🚧በቴክኒክና ሙያ ደረጃ 4 ወይም ደረጃ 3 በተመሳሳይ የትምህርት ዘርፍ የተመረቀ አግባብ ከሆነ የስራ ልምድ ጋር
💫ዋና ኃላፊነቶች፡
- የፍሳሽ ማስወገጃ እና የዝናብ ውሃ መስመሮችን አጠባበቅ ስርዓቶች መከታተል፣ ንድፎችን የማንበብ እና የደህንነት ደንቦችን የመከተል ችሎታ ሊኖረው ይገባል።
- የውሃ ፍሳሽ አቅርቦት መስመሮችን, የፍሳሽ ማስወገጃ ስርዓቶችን መጠገን እና ማቆየት
- የውሃ ፍሳሾችን ጉዳዮችን መመርመር እና ፍሳሾችን መከታተል እና ሌሎች ጉድለቶችን መጠገን
- ንድፎችን, ቴክኒካዊ ንድፎችን እና የግንባታ ኮዶችን ማንበብ እና መተርጎም
⏺Quanitity Required: 1
⏺Minimum Years Of Experience: #2_years
⚡️Deadline: August 15, 2025
📩How To Apply: አመልካቾች ዋናውን የትምህርት እና የስራ ልምድ ማስረጃችኡን ከታች ያለውን ሊንክ በመጠቀም ወይም በኢሜል: mehanaimgc@gmail.com በመላክ መመዝገብ ይችላሉ።
@etconp
❤7