A botnet is a network of malware-infected computers, phones, TVs and routers that one operator controls remotely to commit ad fraud, sell proxies or run DDoS.

Observability is the ability to infer a system's internal state from its outputs - logs, metrics and traces - used to debug ad auctions, tags and AI agents.

A debtor-in-possession is a company in Chapter 11 that keeps running its own business with a trustee's powers, under court supervision, while it reorganises.

app-ads.txt is the IAB Tech Lab file in which app developers list the ad systems authorised to sell their inventory. How it works, where it fails, what changed.

Blog posts and in-app links, not mail, would tell users about the case, while a $2.5m cap covers cloud and safety vendors whose loss could wipe out the data.

UK AI platforms share 63 to 70 of their top 100 brands vs 70 to 78 in the US. Seven months of data test whether a US AI search plan carries over to Britain.

Bing is testing a ‘Related searches based on your browsing’ box below sponsored ads, following a similar test Google ran recently.

Down from more than 40 in 2023, on €1.56m income and 460 pending cases. What the Vienna group's 2025 report shows about its collective redress plans for 2026.

Right of access is a person's legal right to learn whether a company processes their personal data and get a copy, set out in GDPR Article 15 and US state laws.

Standard contractual clauses are EU-approved contract terms that let firms send personal data to countries lacking an adequacy ruling under GDPR Article 46.

Collective redress is the legal route letting one representative sue for many people harmed by the same conduct, as in the EU Representative Actions Directive.

AI referral traffic is website visits that arrive when a user clicks a link inside a chatbot answer, such as ChatGPT, Gemini or Perplexity. Small, fast-growing.

Google Ads is testing an AI feature that suggests campaign goals and ad components from an advertiser’s description, confirmed as an experiment by Google’s Ginny Marvin.

Google can keep a site migration in limbo for months. Mueller identifies an overlooked setting that may help end the uncertainty.

Meta adds automatic customer exclusions to Customer Lifecycle Strategy. Here's how they work, their benefits, and limitations.

Your English-only AI visibility checks can miss how brand recommendations change when AI answers the same buying questions in five different languages.

Discover how to win more local customers with Google Display and Demand Gen ads using pain-point targeting, tailored creative and better landing pages.

Learn six common SEO testing mistakes and how scientific thinking can help you design better experiments, interpret results, and make more reliable decisions.

Microsoft is testing a “Learn more” call-to-action button on sponsored results in Bing Copilot, adding a new interactive element to ads displayed within AI-generated answers.

Boost your measurement and ROI with YouTube’s October Demand Gen Drop.