#ReadingPassagePractice 2

Level : intermediate

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In late Victorian times the word “smog” was coined to describe the combination of smoke and fog evoked so graphically in the novels of Dickens. The Smoke Abatement Act (1853-56) and the Sanitation Act (1866) had attempted to curb smoke emissions but there was little improvement in conditions until the Clean Air Acts of 1956. There were also important changes in energy sources. Industry and commerce switched largely from coal to oil and gas; the railways were powered by electricity rather than steam; domestic central heating using oil, gas and electricity replaced open coal fires. Finally, slum clearance and urban renewal did away with thousands of sources of pollution as densely-packed houses were replaced by centrally-heated flats and spacious suburbs.


1.The word “coined” in the passage is closest in meaning to
a .created
b. altered
c. expanded
d. limited

2.The word “curb” in the passage is closest in meaning to
a. renew
b. check
c. constitute
d. estimate

3.The word “spacious” in the passage is closest in meaning to
a. large
b. incredible
c. rural
d. wealthy


Answers

1.a
2.b
3.a


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#ReadingPassagePractice 3

Level: advanced


Transporting pine logs downriver generally took one of two forms. In some cases, especially on the more easily navigable rivers, men bound the newly cut wood into rafts. Skilled pilots guided these cumbersome objects through a river’s eddies, islands, and shallows until they reached the mill. In other cases, logs were dumped directly into the rivers, a practice that became popular during the nineteenth century and was known as log driving. Here, loggers waited for the arrival of the spring, when the floods from melted snow swelled every stream, and they pushed the entire winter season’s cutting into the flow. Countless thousands of logs, typically branded with a unique mark to distinguish them, tumbled and crashed over one another as they wound their way toward the local sawmills. The processing centers then stopped the logs with booms (floating barriers that could be employed to divert the wood from its downriver course). Occasionally, logs got trapped or wedged against objects in the river, setting off a chain reaction that could pile up fresh lumber for miles.

1. The word “bound” in the passage is closest in meaning to
a. cut
b. chopped
c. covered
d. tied

2. The word “cumbersome” in the passage is closest in meaning to
a. magnificent
b. manmade
c. large
d. irregular

3. The word “trapped” in the passage is closest in meaning to
a. caught
b. bundled
c. pushed
d. hauled




Answers:
1. d
2. c
3. a


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#ReadingPassagePractice 4

Level : intermediate

In southern Sweden, Finland, and Norway, forests tradi¬tionally served as a source of wood for construction, fuel, and the production of numerous useful objects and tools. From the Middle Ages, the forests were exploited for wood tar, pitch, potash, and perhaps most important, charcoal for smelting. The conversion of virgin forests to managed forests in the nineteenth century affected both standing timber volumes and the structure of the forest. Virgin forests were characterized by multiple age and size struc¬tures, but these have been largely replaced by uniformly structured, relatively even-aged, young forest stands. Under modern management the trees are seldom allowed to reach maturity, yet the wood stocks in Nordic forests have almost doubled in the last 100 years and continue to grow.

1. The word “numerous” in the passage is closest in meaning to
a. superior
b. extraordinary
c. many
d. sole

2. The word “exploited” in the passage is closest in meaning to
a. made use of
b. cleared
c. altered
d. endangered

3. The word “maturity” in the passage is closest in meaning to
a. capacity
b. adulthood
c. potential
d. greater heights





Answers:
1. c
2. a
3. b

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