в Юном технике инструкция как собрать механизмы Чебышева https://litresp.ru/chitat/ru/Ж/zhurnal-yunij-tehnik/yunij-tehnik-1956--04/20

Sofia Kovalevskaya (1850-1891)
http://mathcenter.spb.ru/nikaan/book/kovalevskaya_bio.pdf

Kovalevskaya is known for the Cauchy-Kovalevskaya theorem about the existence of solutions to differential equations. She wrote important and famous works on the Saturn’s rings, on Abelian integrals, and on the rotation of a heavy body around a fixed point. The latter work, the last integrable case (the first and second being by Euler and Lagrange) won the Prix Bordin of the French Academy of Science in 1888 and used the recently developed theory of theta functions to solve hyperelliptic integrals.
Kovalevskaya, being deeply involved in the feminist currents of late nineteenth-century Russian nihilism, wrote a partly autobiographical novel, Nihilist Girl, as well as a memoir, A Russian Childhood.
Sofia Kovalevskaya was the first woman to obtain a doctorate in mathematics and the first woman to be appointed to a full professorship in Northern Europe. She was the first woman to be an editor of a mathematical journal.

It has been reported that her curiosity was aroused by the temporary papering of the walls in the children’s nursery (in the absence of ordinary wallpaper) with pages from the manuscript of a lecture on calculus given by Mikhail Ostrogradsky.
When eventually one of her tutors initiated systematic instruction in mathematics, Sofia neglected all her other subjects, which led her father to forbid her the study of mathematics. But Sofia got hold of a book on algebra, which she read secretly at night.

the physician and neurologist Paul Mobius insisted that there was no originality in the ideas and scientific work of Sofia Kovalevskaya (this judgment appeared in the chapter “On Women in Mathematics” in a book that Mo bius published in 1900 with the title On the Natural Aptitude for Mathematics). When an error was found in one of Kovalevskaya’s later articles on the refraction of light, many voices were raised to claim that such an error could never have been made by a man.

following the personal intervention of Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev, she was named a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which in conservative tsarist Russia became possible only after a modification in the university statutes. Обратите внимание: "непременный секретарь".

история общей топологии: см https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0315086008000050

Воспоминания об О.А. Ладыженской, от разных людей, очень хорошо написаны: http://www.pdmi.ras.ru/pdmi/memoirs/ladyzhenskaya

Hauy’s theory accounted for crystal shapes and symmetries, and more. Why can crystals of the same species have different geometric forms? Because the stacks of bricks can be completed in different ways! Why is the pentagonal dodecahedral form of pyrite never quite regular? Because the vertices of crystals have rational coordinates!

Contemporary science, the mathematician P. L. Chebyshev told him, was not interested in this subject. Undiscouraged, Fedorov persisted. He knew that Camille Jordan, in his 1868 “Memoire sur les groupes des mouvements,” had generalized lattices to orbits of groups of orientation- preserving motions (rotations, translations, and screw-rotations). http://mathcenter.spb.ru/nikaan/book/fedorov_math.pdf

X-ray diffraction showed that the crystal structure of rocksalt – known to be cubic – is a checkerboard arrangement of Na and Cl atoms. Top Row: Fedorov had expected to see an arrangement of NaCl molecules like this. Bottom Row: A plane in the actual structure. There is no way to group Na and Cl atoms into “molecules” in a pattern with cubic symmetry.

Картинка с пиритом, где видны пятиугольники https://www.ebay.com/itm/Pyritohedron-Pyrite-Crystals-Shiny-Golden-Perfect-Pentagonal-Facets-/123288435360

Он-лайн семинар по ML/DS "Сберлога " - четверг 10 Сентября 17.00 по Москве - Ирина Князева (СПбГУ) "Топологический анализ данных глазами не тополога, геометра, и даже не математика"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_data_analysis

Ссылка на зум:
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/85869827624?pwd=OWhKb0JhVnY4TmV4M0pSMUZZbkF2UT09

ТДА - узко-нишевой подход к анализу данных от топологов и геометров, но в этом году отвоевал себе кусочек места под солнцем на NeurIPS2020 (https://tda-in-ml.github.io/cfp). Без претензий на глубокие теоретические познания и осмысление абстрактной красоты сего аппарата, расскажу о своей интуции того, когда, кому и чем же это может быть полезно в народном хозяйстве и что обещают лидеры направления. О собственных попытках применить ТДА для анализа изображений, временных рядов и взвешенных сетей и любимых инструментах для анализа. О том, что получилось, а больше не получилось, и мыслях куда же идти дальше.

Дополнительная информация в телеграм чате:
https://t.me/sberlogawithgraphs

и я в питерской вышке читаю спецкурс о топологическом анализе данных, слайды тут (и далее там же будут) http://mathcenter.spb.ru/nikaan/2020/topdata.pdf

Владимир Абрамович Рохлин, 1919-1984 http://mathcenter.spb.ru/nikaan/book/rokhlin_bio.pdf Биография настолько богатая, что прям всю статью надо по абзацам сюда скидывать.

V.A. Rokhlin was born in Baku (the capital of Azerbaijan). V.A.’s mother originated from a well-to-do Jewish family of a businessmen who had arrived from Ukraine. She was a physician with a European medical education. She perished when V.A. was 4 years old during the epidemic disorder in Baku in 1923; perhaps it could be a murder by a rioting crowd. V.A.’s father, a Belorussian Jew, was an economist and social- democrat who had irreconcilable differences with Bolsheviks. He was exiled to Kazakhstan in the 1930s and later was arrested and executed in 1942.

During his student years he studied simultaneously set theoretical topology with Pavel Alexandrov; measure theory and dynamics with Andrei Kolmogorov; functional analysis with Israel M. Gelfand and Lazar Lusternik; group theory, algebra and topology with Lev Pontryagin; and operator theory with Abram Plesner. All of them suggested V.A. some problems and he successfully solved some of them; during his undergraduate years, Rokhlin published two research papers. All those mathematicians gave him recommendations for graduate school (“aspirantura”) under their supervision.

Near Vyazma, Rokhlin’s regiment was surrounded by the Germans, he was wounded in both legs and left in a village in the care of locals. Since his wounds did not heal, he was put into a local hospital in the territory occupied by the Germans. After a denunciation, the Germans arrested him and sent to a prisoner-of-war camp; he became ill with typhoid, recovered, was transferred to a camp in Belorussia, then in Poland; several times he attempted to escape.
He was able to conceal his ethnicity; he knew very well German (he spoke it without any Jewish accent) and Azerbaijani. He was liberated as late as 1944 by the Red Army. After a short period of army service as an interpreter, he was again arrested on May 1945, in Berlin, now by NKVD, and spent almost two years in Stalin’s camp on suspicion of being a traitor.

Later he said that he pretended that he did not remember anybody from German camps, because he was heavily wounded, thus he could not be caught on discrepancies and can not slander anybody. Finally he was acquitted.