Ethio Construction Engineering
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๐Ÿ”จ World Construction Engineering
Latest updates, tips, and tutorials on building, civil engineering, and construction in World.
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๐Ÿ‘‰Common problem in road pavement occurs due to:

1. Lateral Forces: Frequent braking and turning, especially at intersections, push the pavement horizontally.

2. Weak Asphalt Mix: An inadequate asphalt mix design that cannot withstand shear forces.

3. Poor Compaction: Insufficient compaction leads to instability under traffic.

4. Moisture Infiltration: Water weakens the pavement layers, making them more prone to displacement.

5. Temperature Changes: Thermal expansion and contraction can exacerbate movement.

To prevent shoving, use appropriate materials, ensure proper compaction, and maintain effective drainage.

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๐Ÿ‘‰แŠจแ‰ฐแŠจแ‰ณแ‰ณแ‹ซแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฅ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆ‹แŠจ แŒฅแ‹ซแ‰„แฆ

ยซแŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆซแŒญ แ‰ แˆ˜แŒ€แˆ˜แˆชแ‹ซแ‹ แ‹‰แˆ (แŒจแˆจแ‰ณ แ‹ซแˆธแАแˆแ‰ แ‰ต แŒ แ‰…แˆ‹แˆ‹ แ‹‹แŒ‹) Rebate แ‰ขแŠ–แˆจแ‹ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แŠ•แˆจแ‰ต แˆแŠญแŠ•แ‹ซแ‰ต แ‹จแ‹‹แŒ‹ แˆ›แˆปแˆธแ‹ซ แ‰ขแˆฐแˆซแˆˆแ‰ตแค แŠ แ‹ฒแˆฑ แ‹แˆ/ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆปแˆปแˆˆแ‹ แ‹แˆ REBATE  แ‹ญแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ‹แˆ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆต แŠ แ‹ญแ‹ฐแˆจแŒแˆ?ยป

๐ŸทแŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แ‹จแˆฅแˆซ แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆซแŒญ แ‰ แˆ˜แŒ€แˆ˜แˆชแ‹ซแ‹ แ‹แˆ แˆ˜แŒ€แˆ˜แˆชแ‹ซ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแ‹‹แŒ‹ แ‰…แŠ“แˆฝ แŠ แ‰…แˆญแ‰ฆ แŒจแˆจแ‰ณแ‹แŠ• แ‰ขแ‹ซแˆธแŠ•แ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ แŠ‹แˆ‹ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแ‹‹แŒ‹ แˆ›แˆตแ‰ฐแŠซแŠจแ‹ซ (price adjustment) แŠจแ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆจแŒˆ แ‰ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แŠ•แˆจแ‰ต แˆแŠญแŠ•แ‹ซแ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆปแˆปแˆˆแ‹ แ‹แˆ แ‰ฃแˆ…แˆช แ‰ แŠ แ‰ฅแ‹›แŠ›แ‹ แ‹จแˆšแˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ฐแ‹ แ‰ แ‹แˆ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆˆแŠจแ‰ฐแ‹ ยซแ‹จแ‹‹แŒ‹ แˆ›แˆตแ‰ฐแŠซแŠจแ‹ซแŠ• แ‰ แˆšแˆ˜แˆˆแŠจแ‰ต แ‰ แ‰ฐแ‰€แˆ˜แŒก แˆตแˆแˆแАแ‰ถแ‰ฝ (terms of price adjustmentยป แˆ‹แ‹ญ แАแ‹แข

แˆˆแˆแˆณแˆŒ แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แˆฅแˆซแ‹ แ‹จแˆ•แŠ•แŒป แŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แŠจแˆ†แА แ‰ แˆ€แŒˆแˆชแ‰ฑ Public Procurement Agency (PPA) General Condition  of Contract, Clause 62 แˆฅแˆญ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‹ แ‹แˆญแ‹แˆญ แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแ‹ณแŠ แ‹ญแˆ†แŠ“แˆแข

แ‹ญแˆ…แŠ•แŠ• แ‰ แˆšแˆ˜แˆˆแŠจแ‰ต แ‰ฐแ‹‹แ‹‹แ‹ฎแ‰ฝ แ‰ แˆแ‹ฉ แ‹ตแŠ•แŒ‹แŒŒ (Special Conditions) แ‹ซแˆตแ‰€แˆ˜แŒกแ‰ต แˆตแˆแˆแАแ‰ต แŠซแˆˆ แŒˆแ‹ข แˆ†แŠ– แ‹ญแ‰†แŒ แˆซแˆแข

๐Ÿ’ซแАแŒˆแˆญ แŒแŠ• แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆˆแˆ˜แ‹ฑ แŠ แˆ แˆซแˆฎแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆ˜แАแˆป แˆˆแˆ›แŠ•แ‹จแ‰ต แŠจแˆแˆˆแŒ‰แฆ

1แŠ›) แ‰ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แˆ›แˆตแ‰ฐแŠซแŠจแ‹ซแ‹ (adjustment) แ‹จแ‰ฐแŒ แ‹จแ‰€แ‰ แ‰ต แˆแŠญแŠ•แ‹ซแ‰ต แ‹จแ‹‹แŒ‹ แŠ•แˆจแ‰ตแŠ• แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แ‰แˆณแ‰แˆต (Material Cost) แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‹จแˆฐแˆซแ‰ฐแŠ› แ‹ˆแŒญ (Manpower cost) แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‹จแˆ›แˆบแАแˆชแŠ“ แŠฅแ‰ƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝ (Machineries anr tools cost) แˆˆแ‹แŒฆแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠจแŒแˆแ‰ต แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‹ซแˆตแŒˆแ‰ฃ แˆ†แŠ– แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆฐแˆ‹ แŠจแˆ†แА แ‹ญแˆ… แ‰ แŠ แŒ แ‰ƒแˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแ‹แˆ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแŒจแˆ˜แˆจ แ‹ญแ‰†แŒ แˆซแˆ แŠฅแŠ•แŒ‚ แ‹จแ‹‹แŒ‹ แ‰…แŠ“แˆฝ แŠ แ‹ญแ‹ฐแˆˆแˆแข

แ‰ฐแ‰‹แˆซแŒฉ แ‰ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แŠ•แˆจแ‰ต แˆแŠญแŠ•แ‹ซแ‰ต แ‹จแŒจแˆ˜แˆจแ‹แŠ• แ‹ˆแŒช แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฐแˆ‹แˆแ แˆŠแˆแ‰€แ‹ตแˆˆแ‰ต แ‹ญแ‰ฝแˆ‹แˆแฃ แ‹ญแˆ…แˆ แ‰ แˆ˜แŒ€แˆ˜แˆชแ‹ซ แŠจแ‰ฐแˆตแˆ›แˆ›แ‰ แ‰ต แ‹‹แŒ‹ แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ญแˆ†แŠ“แˆแข

2แŠ›) แ‹จแ‹‹แŒ‹ แ‰…แŠ“แˆฝ แ‹จแˆšแˆˆแ‹ แŒฝแŠ•แˆฐแˆ€แˆณแ‰ฅ แ‰ แ‹แˆ แ‰ตแˆญแŒ‰แˆ แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต แ‰ฐแŒซแˆซแ‰น แ‰ แ‹แ‹ตแ‹ตแˆญ แˆฐแ‹“แ‰ต แ‹ซแˆตแŒˆแ‰ฃแ‹ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แŠ แˆธแŠ“แŠ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆญแŒˆแ‹ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแŒˆแ‰ฃแ‹ แ‰ แŒŠแ‹œแ‹ แ‹จแˆšแ‰ฐแŒˆแ‰ แˆญ แ‹จแŒ แ‰…แˆ‹แˆ‹ แ‹‹แŒ‹แŠ• (--%) แ‹จแ‰…แŠ“แˆฝ แŠฅแ‹ตแˆ แŠฅแŠ•แŒ‚ แ‰ แ‹จแŒŠแ‹œแ‹ แ‰ฐแŒแ‰ฃแˆซแ‹Š แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ฐแˆจแŒ แ‹จแˆแ‰€แ‹ฐแ‹ แŠ แ‹ญแ‹ฐแˆˆแˆแข

แ‰ แŠ‹แˆ‹ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆ˜แŒฃแ‹ แ‹จแ‹‹แŒ‹ แˆ›แˆตแ‰ฐแŠซแŠจแ‹ซ แ‰ฐแ‰€แŠ“แˆฝแŠ• แŠจแŒแˆแ‰ต แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‹ซแˆ‹แˆตแŒˆแ‰ฃ แˆ†แŠ– แˆŠแˆฐแˆ‹ แ‹ญแ‰ฝแˆ‹แˆแข

แ‹ญแˆ…แˆ แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ต แŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆฐแˆซแ‹ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แ‹จแˆ˜แŒ€แˆ˜แˆชแ‹ซแ‹แŠ• แ‹จแ‹‹แŒ‹ แ‰ฐแ‰€แŠ“แˆฝ (Rebate) แŠจแŒแˆแ‰ต แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แˆณแ‹ซแˆตแŒˆแ‰ฃ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰ฐแŠจแˆˆ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แˆŠแˆ†แŠ• แ‹ญแ‰ฝแˆ‹แˆแข

3) แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แŒŠแ‹œ แŠ แˆธแŠ“แŠ แˆ†แŠ– แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹‹แ‹‹แˆˆ แ‰ฐแŒซแˆซแ‰ฝ แ‰ แŠ‹แˆ‹ แˆˆแˆšแˆ˜แŒฃแ‹ แ‹จแ‹‹แŒ‹ แˆ›แˆปแˆปแ‹ซ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆˆแˆšแŒˆแ‰ฃแ‹ แ‹แˆ โ€œแ‰…แŠ“แˆฝ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆจแŒˆโ€ แ‰ฐแ‰ฅแˆŽ แˆŠแ‰†แŒ แˆญ แ‹จแˆšแ‰ฝแˆˆแ‰ แ‰ต แŠ แŒแ‰ฃแ‰ฅ แ‹จแˆˆแˆแข

แˆแŠญแŠ•แ‹ซแ‰ฑแˆ แ‰…แŠ“แˆน แ‰ แˆ˜แŒ€แˆ˜แˆชแ‹ซ แˆตแˆแˆแАแ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ แ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆจแŒˆแ‹ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แАแ‹ แŠ แ‹ฒแˆฑ แ‹‹แŒ‹ (แŠจแ‹‹แŒ‹ แŒแˆฝแ‰ แ‰ต แ‰ แŠ‹แˆ‹) แŠจแˆ˜แŒ€แˆ˜แˆชแ‹ซแ‹ แŒจแˆจแ‰ณ แ‹จแ‰ แˆˆแŒ  แ‹ˆแŒชแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแŠ•แ€แ‰ฃแˆญแ‰… แˆŠแˆ†แŠ• แ‹ญแ‰ฝแˆ‹แˆ แŠฅแŠ•แŒ‚  แ‰ฐแ‰€แŠ“แˆฝแŠ• แ‰ณแˆณแ‰ข แˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ‰ แˆแŠ•แˆ แŠ แ‹ญแАแ‰ต แŒฅแ‰…แˆ แ‹จแˆˆแ‹แˆแข

แˆตแˆˆแˆ†แАแˆ แ‰€แ‹ตแˆž แ‹จแАแ‰ แˆจแ‹ (แ‹‹แŠ“แ‹) แ‰ฐแ‰€แŠ“แˆฝ แ‰ แ‹‹แŒ‹ แŒแˆฝแ‰ แ‰ต แˆแŠญแŠ•แ‹ซแ‰ต แ‰ฐแˆตแ‰ฐแŠซแŠญแˆŽ แ‹ญแ‰€แˆซแˆ แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ต แАแ‹แข

โญ๏ธYoutube แŒˆแƒแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆ‹แ‹ญแˆ แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฅ แ‹ญแˆแŠ‘๐Ÿ‘‡

https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction?si=i3B2u9LyWBNjqAAO

@etconp
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๐Ÿ‘‰แˆฐแˆ‹แˆ แ‹แ‹ต แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฆแ‰ปแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠฃแ‹ฒแˆต แ‹จ ETABS แ‰  แŠฃแˆ›แˆญแŠ› แ‰ฒแ‰ถแˆญแ‹ซแˆ แŠจ introduction แŒ€แˆแˆฎ Analysis แŠฅแŠ“ Design แŠฃแŠซแ‰ฐแŠ• แˆแˆญแŒฅ แ‰ชแ‹ตแ‹ฎ แŠฃแ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ…แ‰ฐแŠ•แˆ‹แ‰นแ‹‹แˆแข

๐Ÿ™แˆˆ YOUTUBE แ‰ปแŠ“แˆ‹แ‰ฝแŠ• แŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แŠจแˆ†แŠ‘ SUBSCRIBE แ‰ แˆ›แˆจแŒ แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฅ แ‹ญแˆแŠ‘ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆแˆ แˆˆแ‹ˆแ‹ณแŒ…แ‹Ž แ‹ซแŒ‹แˆฉ๐Ÿ‘‡

https://youtube.com/@ethiopianconstruction?si=i3B2u9LyWBNjqAAO

๐ŸซตแŠฅแŠ•แˆ† แ‹›แˆฌ แŠญแแˆ 1 ๐Ÿ‘‡

https://youtu.be/KpdDcI0QPnY?si=43m3fudgDUOZtPxd

@etconp
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AISC_342_22_1735547254.pdf
4.7 MB
๐Ÿ‘‰AISC 342-22 Seismic Provisions for Evaluation & Retrofit of Existing Structural Steel Buildings"

https://t.me/ETCONp

@etconp
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แ‰ณแˆแˆซแ‰ต  แ•แˆŒแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แŒ„แ‰ฆแˆแ‰ต แŠ แ‰…แˆซแ‰ข

๐Ÿ‘‰แˆแˆ‰แŠ• แ‰ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แ‰ฆแ‰ณ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแŒˆแŠ™แ‰ แ‰ต แŠฅแŠ“ แˆˆแˆแˆ‰แˆ แ‰…แˆญแ‰ฅ

๐Ÿ”ฐแˆแŠ• แ‹ญแˆแˆแŒ‹แˆ‰?

๐Ÿ“Œแ•แˆŒแ‰ตแŠ“ แŒ„แ‰ฆแˆแ‰ต แ‰ แˆแˆˆแŒ‰แ‰ต แŠ แ‹ญแАแ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ€ แŠ แˆˆแŠ•

โœ‚๏ธแˆ‹แˆœแˆซ แˆ›แˆตแ‰†แˆซแˆจแŒฅ แˆ›แˆตแ‰ แˆณแ‰ต แ‹ˆแ‹ญแŠ•แˆ แˆ›แˆณแŒ แ แŠจแˆแˆˆแŒ‰  แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‹ซแˆตแ‰ก แˆแˆ‰แŠ•แˆ แˆ›แˆฝแŠ–แ‰ฝ แŠ แˆตแŒˆแ‰ฅแ‰ฐแŠ“แˆ

๐Ÿ”—แŒแˆฎ (แ‰ถแŠ•แ‹ฒแŠ–) แŒฅแˆญแˆต แˆ›แˆตแ‰ แŒ€แ‰ต แ‹ˆแ‹ญแŠ•แˆ แˆ›แˆณแŒ แ แŠซแˆฐแ‰ก แˆˆแˆฑแˆ แˆ›แˆฝแŠ‘ แ‰ แŒƒแ‰ฝแŠ• แАแ‹‰

๐Ÿ“แˆ›แŠ•แŠ›แ‹‰แŠ•แˆ แ‹จแˆžแ‹ฐแŠแŠญ แˆตแˆซแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแˆฐแˆฉ แ‰ฅแ‰ แ‰ฃแˆˆแˆ™แ‹ซแ‹Žแ‰ฝแˆ แŠ แˆ‰แŠ•

โ˜Ž๏ธแ‹ญแ‹ฐแ‹‰แˆ‰แˆแŠ• แ‹ซแˆ›แŠญแˆฉแŠ•

๐Ÿ“แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹‰แˆตแŒฅ แ‹จแ‰ตแˆ แŠฅแŠ•แˆแŠญแˆŽแ‰ณแˆˆแŠ•

แŠ แ‹ตแˆซแˆปแ‰ฝแŠ•แฆ 1. แˆ˜แˆญแŠซแ‰ถ
                   แ‰.1 แŠ แ‹จแˆญ แŒคแŠ“
                    แ‰.3 แ‰ฐแŠญแˆˆแˆ€แ‹ญแˆ›แŠ–แ‰ต

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Ethio Construction Engineering
๐Ÿ‘‰What Is Pancake Collapse https://t.me/ETCONp @etconp ๐Ÿ‘‡
๐—ช๐—ต๐—ฎ๐˜ ๐—ถ๐˜€ ๐—ฎ ๐—ฃ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐—ธ๐—ฒ ๐—–๐—ผ๐—น๐—น๐—ฎ๐—ฝ๐˜€๐—ฒ? ๐Ÿฅž๐Ÿข

In earthquake engineering, a pancake collapse refers to a catastrophic structural failure where floors of a building collapse one after another, resembling a ๐˜€๐˜๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ธ ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—ฝ๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐—ธ๐—ฒ๐˜€.

This type of collapse is especially dangerous and has been observed in many devastating earthquakes around the world.

๐—ช๐—ต๐˜† ๐——๐—ผ๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐—ถ๐˜ ๐—›๐—ฎ๐—ฝ๐—ฝ๐—ฒ๐—ป? ๐Ÿค”

Pancake collapses occur when the vertical load-carrying elements (like columns or walls) fail to support the weight of the upper floors.

Common causes include:

โ€ข โŒ Lack of seismic detailing.
โ€ข ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ Poor construction practices.
โ€ข ๐Ÿ“‰ Brittle vertical supporting members.
โ€ข ๐Ÿ”— Insufficient connections between walls and slabs.
โ€ข ๐Ÿข Soft stories (significantly weaker than upper levels).

๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜‚๐—น๐˜? ๐Ÿ’ฅโฌ‡๏ธ

Once one floor gives way, it triggers a ๐—ฑ๐—ผ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ผ ๐—ฒ๐—ณ๐—ณ๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐˜, with each floor collapsing onto the one below.

Logically, the lower floors lack the capacity to withstand the sudden impact of the falling debris.

This devastating chain reaction drastically reduces the chances of occupant survival and complicates rescue operations.

๐—›๐—ผ๐˜„ ๐—–๐—ฎ๐—ป ๐—ช๐—ฒ ๐—ฃ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜ ๐—œ๐˜? ๐Ÿ—๏ธ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

Seismic design aims to avoid sudden and brittle failures.

Some strategies include:

โ€ข ๐ŸŒ€ Designing buildings with ductile detailing to absorb seismic energy.

โ€ข ๐Ÿ‹๏ธ Using strong column-weak beam designs to prevent column failures.

โ€ข ๐Ÿงฑ Ensuring adequate lateral strength through shear walls, bracing, or moment frames.

โ€ข ๐Ÿ“œ Strictly following seismic building codes and enforcing quality control in construction.

Pancake collapses serve as a stark reminder of the importance of earthquake-resilient design.
โ†ณ By incorporating proper engineering practices, we can minimize risks and save lives. ๐Ÿ’ก๐Ÿ‘ท

Via Yonatan tadesse PMP

@etconp
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๐Ÿ‘‰แŠฅแˆตแ‰ฒ แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹ˆแ‹ซแ‹จแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แŒ แ‹ซแ‹จแ‰…

๐Ÿ’ซแ‰ แ‰€แ‹ตแˆžแ‹ EBCS แŠฎแ‹ต แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต แ‰ แˆ€แŒˆแˆซแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆˆแˆšแŒˆแŠ™ แŠ แŠซแ‰ฃแ‰ขแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆˆแ‹ญแ‰ถ แ‰ฃแˆตแ‰€แˆ˜แŒ แ‹ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆฌแ‰ต แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰€แŒฅแ‰€แŒฅ แˆแŠฌแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต แ‹จแˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแ‰ธแˆซแˆ แ‹ฒแ‹›แ‹ญแŠ• แˆแ‹˜แŠ“ (Analysis) แˆˆแˆ˜แˆฅแˆซแ‰ต แŠจแŒแˆแ‰ต แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแŒˆแ‰ฃ แ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆญแŒŽ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰€แˆ˜แŒ แ‹ แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ›แ‹ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆฌแ‰ต แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰€แŒ แ‰€แŒฅ แŠ•แ‹แˆจแ‰ต (seismic load factor) แˆตแŠ•แ‰ต แАแ‹?

๐Ÿ“ฉแˆ€แˆณแ‰ฅ แˆ˜แˆแˆต แŠฅแŠ“ แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ซแ‹จแ‰ณแ‰ธ แŠจแ‰ณแ‰ฝ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‹ แˆŠแŠ•แŠญ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แˆ˜แ‹ˆแ‹ซแ‹ซ แŒแˆฉแ“แ‰ฝแŠ•  แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹ซแˆตแ‰€แˆแŒกแˆแŠ•๐Ÿ‘‡

https://t.me/COTMp

@etconp
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Ethio Construction Engineering
๐Ÿ‘‰แŠฅแˆตแ‰ฒ แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹ˆแ‹ซแ‹จแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แŒ แ‹ซแ‹จแ‰… ๐Ÿ’ซแ‰ แ‰€แ‹ตแˆžแ‹ EBCS แŠฎแ‹ต แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต แ‰ แˆ€แŒˆแˆซแ‰ฝแŠ• แˆˆแˆšแŒˆแŠ™ แŠ แŠซแ‰ฃแ‰ขแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆˆแ‹ญแ‰ถ แ‰ฃแˆตแ‰€แˆ˜แŒ แ‹ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆฌแ‰ต แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰€แŒฅแ‰€แŒฅ แˆแŠฌแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต แ‹จแˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแ‰ธแˆซแˆ แ‹ฒแ‹›แ‹ญแŠ• แˆแ‹˜แŠ“ (Analysis) แˆˆแˆ˜แˆฅแˆซแ‰ต แŠจแŒแˆแ‰ต แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแŒˆแ‰ฃ แ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆญแŒŽ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰€แˆ˜แŒ แ‹ แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ›แ‹ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆฌแ‰ต แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰€แŒ แ‰€แŒฅ แŠ•แ‹แˆจแ‰ต (seismic load factor) แˆตแŠ•แ‰ต แАแ‹? ๐Ÿ“ฉแˆ€แˆณแ‰ฅ แˆ˜แˆแˆต แŠฅแŠ“ แŠ แˆตแ‰ฐแ‹ซแ‹จแ‰ณแ‰ธ แŠจแ‰ณแ‰ฝ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‹ แˆŠแŠ•แŠญ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แˆ˜แ‹ˆแ‹ซแ‹ซ แŒแˆฉแ“แ‰ฝแŠ• โ€ฆ
๐Ÿ‘‰แ‹จแˆ˜แˆฌแ‰ต แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰€แŒฅแ‰€แŒฅ (Seismic load)

๐Ÿทแ‹จแˆ˜แˆฌแ‰ต แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰€แŒฅแ‰€แŒฅ แ‰ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ต แ‹จแŒแŠ•แ‰ฃแ‰ณ แŠ•แ‹ตแ (แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ญ แ‰ แˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแ‰ธแˆซแˆ แ‹ฒแ‹›แ‹ญแŠ• แˆฅแˆซ) แˆ‚แ‹ฐแ‰ต แŠจแŒแˆแ‰ต แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแ‰ฃ แŠจแ‹‹แŠ“แ‹Žแ‰น แŒซแŠ“แ‹Žแ‰ฝ (loads) แˆ˜แŠซแŠจแˆ แАแ‹แข

แ‹ญแˆ… แ‹จแˆ˜แˆฌแ‰ต แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰€แŒฅแ‰€แŒฅ แˆ›แ‰ฃแ‹ฃ (seismic factor) แˆˆแ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹จแ‹ซแ‹ฉ แŠ แŠซแ‰ฃแ‰ขแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰€แˆ˜แŒ  แˆฒแˆ†แŠ• แˆ›แ‰ฅแ‹ฃ แ‰แŒฅแˆฉ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ˆแˆฐแАแ‹ แ‰€แ‹ตแˆž แ‰ แАแ‰ แˆจแ‹ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆฌแ‰ต แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰€แŒฅแ‰€แŒฅ แ‰ณแˆชแŠญ (Historical records) แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต แАแ‹แข

แ‰ แ‹šแˆ… แŠ แŒแ‰ฃแ‰ฅ แ‰ แ‰€แ‹ตแˆžแ‹ EBCS แˆแ‰ตแŠญ แ‹จแ‰ฐแ‰‹แ‰‹แˆ˜แ‹ แ‰ แŠขแ‰ตแ‹ฎแŒตแ‹ซ แ‹จแˆแŠฌแ‰ต แŠคแŒ€แŠ•แˆฒ (Ethiopian Standard Agency) แ‰ 2015 (แŠฅ.แŠค.แŠ ) แˆˆแˆตแ‰ตแˆซแŠญแ‰ธแˆซแˆ แ‹ฒแ‹›แ‹ญแŠ• แˆฅแˆซ แŠจแŒแˆแ‰ต แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแŒˆแ‰ฃ แ‰ฃแ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ€แ‹ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆฌแ‰ต แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰€แŒฅแ‰€แŒฅ แŠ•แ‹แˆจแ‰ตแŠ• แ‰ แ‹ˆแˆฐแАแ‰ แ‰ต CES 160 แˆแŠฌแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆฐแˆจแ‰ต แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ›แ‹ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆฌแ‰ต แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰€แŒฅแ‰€แŒฅ แˆ›แ‰ฃแ‹ฃ แŠ แˆแˆตแ‰ต (5) แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆ†แŠ• แ‹ซแˆจแ‰€แ‰€ แˆฒแˆ†แŠ• แ‹ญแˆ… แˆแŠฌแ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆฐแŒฃแ‰ธแ‹ แŠ แŠซแ‰ฃแ‰ขแ‹Žแ‰ฝแฆ

๐Ÿท1แŠ›)แฆ แ‰ แŠ แ‹แˆญ แŠญแˆแˆแฆ แŠ แแ‹ดแˆซแฃ แŠ แˆญแŒŽแ‰ฃ แˆแ‹ชแฃ แŠ แˆณแ‹ญแ‰ณแฃ แŠ แ‹‹แˆฝ แˆธแˆˆแ‰†แฃ แ‹ณแˆแ‹แŒŠแฃ แ‹ฑแ‰ฅแ‰ฒแฃ แ‹ฑแˆŒแ‰ปแฃ แŠคแˆŠแ‹ณแˆญแฃ แŒˆแ‹‹แŠ”แฃ แˆ€แ‹ฐแˆŒแˆ‹แฃ แˆฐแˆ˜แˆซแฃ แˆฐแˆ™แˆฎแ‰ขแŠ“ แŒˆแˆ‹แˆŽ

๐Ÿท2แŠ›)แฆ แ‰ แŠ แˆ›แˆซ แŠญแˆแˆแฆ แŠ แŠ•แŠฎแ‰ แˆญแฃ แŠ แŠ•แŒพแŠชแ‹ซ แŒˆแˆแ‹›แฃ แŠ แˆญแ‰ฑแˆ› แ‰แˆญแˆฒแฃ แ‰ฃแˆถแŠ“ แ‹ˆแˆซแŠ“แฃ แˆ˜แŠ•แ‹ แŒแˆผแฃ แŒ…แˆŒ แŒฅแˆ™แŒ‹แฃ แ‰€แ‹ˆแ‰ตแฃ แˆ˜แŠ•แ‹ แŒŒแˆซแฃ แˆ˜แŠ•แ‹ แˆ›แˆ›แฃ แˆžแŒƒแŠ“ แ‹ˆแ‹ฐแˆซแฃ แ‹ˆแ‹ญแŠ• แŠ แˆแ‰ฃแฃ แŒฃแˆญแˆ› แ‰ แˆญ แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹แข

โญ๏ธแ‰ แŠฅแАแ‹šแˆ… แŠ แŠซแ‰ฃแ‰ขแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹™แˆชแ‹ซ แ‹ซแˆ‰ แŠ แŠซแ‰ฃแ‰ขแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹จแˆ€แŒˆแˆชแ‰ฑ แˆตแˆแŒฅ แˆธแˆˆแ‰† แ‹žแŠ–แ‰ฝ แˆตแˆˆแˆ†แŠ‘ แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แ‹จแˆ˜แˆฌแ‰ต แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰€แŒฅแ‰€แŒฅ แŠ•แ‹แˆจแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแˆตแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆแ‰ฃแ‰ธแ‹ แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹แข

โ‡๏ธแАแŒˆแˆญ แŒแŠ• แ‰ แ‹šแˆ… แˆฐแˆžแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแˆตแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆˆแ‹ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆฌแ‰ต แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰€แŒฅแ‰€แŒฅ แŠ•แ‹แˆจแ‰ต แ‰ แˆฌแŠญแ‰ณแˆ แˆตแŠฌแˆ แŠฅแˆตแŠจ 5.2 แ‹จแ‹ฐแˆจแˆฐ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘ แ‰ฐแ‹˜แŒแ‰งแˆแข

โบแ‹ญแˆ… แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ต แ‹จแˆ€แŒˆแˆชแ‰ฑ แ‹จแˆ˜แˆฌแ‰ต แˆ˜แŠ•แ‰€แŒฅแ‰€แŒฅ แŠ•แ‹แˆจแ‰ต แˆแŠฌแ‰ต แŠจแ‰ฐแ‰€แˆ˜แŒ แ‹ แˆตแ‰ณแŠ•แ‹ณแˆญแ‹ต  แ‹ซแˆˆแˆ แˆ†แŠ– แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆ˜แ‹˜แŒˆแ‰  แ‰ณแˆชแŠญ แˆตแˆˆแˆ†แА แ‹จแˆตแ‰ณแŠ•แ‹ณแˆญแ‹ต (standard) แˆ›แˆตแ‰ฐแŠซแŠจแ‹ซ แˆŠแ‹ซแˆตแˆแˆแŒˆแŠ• แАแ‹ แˆ›แˆˆแ‰ต แАแ‹แข

๐Ÿ’ซแ‹จ FACEBOOK แŒˆแƒแ‰ฝแŠ•แˆ แ‹ญแ‹ˆแ‹ณแŒ๐Ÿ‘‡

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๐Ÿ‘‰แˆฐแˆ‹แˆ แ‹แ‹ต แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฆแ‰ปแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠฃแ‹ฒแˆต แ‹จ ETABS แ‰  แŠฃแˆ›แˆญแŠ› แ‰ฒแ‰ถแˆญแ‹ซแˆ แŠจ introduction แŒ€แˆแˆฎ Analysis แŠฅแŠ“ Design แŠฃแŠซแ‰ฐแŠ• แˆแˆญแŒฅ แ‰ชแ‹ตแ‹ฎ แˆ›แ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ€แ‰ณแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹ญแ‰ณแ‹ˆแˆณแˆแข

๐ŸซตแŠฅแŠ•แˆ† แ‹›แˆฌ แŠญแแˆ 2 แŒญแАแŠ•แˆ‹แ‰นแ‹‹แˆ๐Ÿ‘‡

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BID Process Cycle.pdf
11.3 MB
๐Ÿ‘‰Bid Process Cycle

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Ethio Construction Engineering
BID Process Cycle.pdf
Bid Process Cycle

1. Project Identification
- The project owner recognizes the need for construction.
- Preparation of project scope, timeline, and objectives follows.

2. Preparation of Bid Documents
- The owner/consultant creates a Request for Proposal (RFP) or Request for Tender (RFT).
- Involves project specifications, drawings, contract terms, and submission guidelines.

3. Advertisement/Invitation to Bid
- The project is publicly advertised or sent to prequalified contractors.
- Contractors are invited to participate in the bidding process.

4. Pre-Bid Meeting
- A meeting is conducted to clarify the project scope.
- Questions are answered and potential concerns from contractors are addressed.

5. Bid Submission
- Interested contractors prepare and submit their bids.
- Submissions include cost estimates, construction schedules, and technical and financial qualifications.

6. Bid Opening
- Bids are transparently opened, either publicly or privately based on project requirements.

7. Bid Evaluation
- The owner assesses bids using specific criteria:
- Price competitiveness
- Technical feasibility
- Contractor's experience and qualifications

8. Contractor Selection
- The most suitable contractor is chosen, balancing cost, quality, and timeline considerations.

9. Negotiation
- The project owner and selected contractor align on terms.
- Finalize contract details.

10. Award
- The selected contractor receives the contract award.

11. Notice to Proceed (NTP)
- The contractor is issued a formal Notice to Proceed, authorizing work commencement on the project.

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