او الحل الثاني هو انو تجذب على المريض و تنطيه بس براسيتول ابره تخفض حرارته و ينسم عليها 😅😅😂😂

sore throat: refers to pain, itchiness, or irritation of the throat. ( اهنانه عدنا بالعاميه يسموها بلاعيمك مورمات )

It occur due to :
$ viral cause : with common cold and flu.
$ strep throat : caused by Streptococcus pyogenes
$ allergic inflammation.

note : inflammation is a immune reaction to stimule that may be bacteria or not !
so not all inflammation is bacterial and 90% of sore throat is not bacterial😲😲.

!يعني اغلب الحالات الي جاي ينطوها
مضادات حيويه على ابو بلاعيمك ملتهبه هو مجدر سوء استخدام بس😱😱.

BUT HOW TO DIFFERENTIOATE BUTWEEN VIRAL & BACTERIAL ?

علمود نفرق بينهم اكو نقاط كلش مهمه ممكن نفرق من خلالها :

1- اذا كان عند المريض اعراض انفلاونزا فهو غالبــــأ فايروسي مو بكتيري وميحتاج مضاد حيوي
(runny nose🤧, cough😪, red or watery eyes😭, and sneezing)
وهاي معظم الحالات من هذا النوع

2- اذا كان السبب بكتيري فراح تضهر بقع بيضه على البلعوم و اللوزتين
و الحراره مرتفعه🤒🤒 بشكل مفرط
و اذا كانت الاعراض مستمره لاكثر من اسبوع او تفاقمت اكثر واكثر
(بهاي الحاله طبعا لازم ننطي مضاد حيوي)

الصوره توضح الفرق

طيب انا شنو انطي اذا كان فايروسي ؟
المضادات الحيويه ما الها اي دور اهنانه ولازم ا ننطيها !

treatment :

symptomatic treatment generally include :
1- paracetamol or NASID
2- lozenges
3- decongestant
4- vapor of water inhalation ( البخار عنده فعاليه نفس الانتي هستامين )

واذا كان السبب هو
strep throat?!!

treatment :
1- Cefalexin or amoxicillin
2- azithromycin (should on empty stomach) if allergic to penicillin .
3- syptomatic treatment.

COMMON INTERACTION !💔

anticoagulant + cephalosporin
the most commen Interactions that found in hospital in patient with MI ,stroke & DVT .
For example :
Warfarine + ceftriaxone
Enoxparine + ceftriaxone

cephalosporin increase the bleeding tendency because they decrease prothrombin activity .

we should avoid or use alternative .
Alternative should chosen wisely because anticoagulant interacts with wide list of antibiotics like erythomycin , azithromycin , clarithromycin , ciprofloxacine & sulfamethaxazole

COMMON INTERACTION !😞

ceftriaxone + calcium:
the most common interaction we found in hospital . very Serous and very common
💭 it form insoluble complex and precipitates in lung and kidney . it fatal interaction may lead to death

we should separate between ceftriaxone and calcium or any product that contain calcium like ringer by 48h at least to avoid interaction.

we can use glucose water/saline for infusion of ceftriaxone .
Some patient have renal failure so they need ca ++ , then we should use alternative for ceftriaxone like ceftazidime but dose ajustments is should .

Sinuses are hollow spaces behind the bones of your face,there are four pairs of sinuses(above the eye _below the eye_between the nose and skull_in the base of skull)

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses that can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, allergies, or even an autoimmune reaction.
Although uncomfortable and in some cases painful, it will often right itself without the need for medical intervention.