Submissions close 18 September on a draft making 500-metre location data sensitive and handing platforms over $500m an erasure duty. Which carve-outs will hold?

De-identification alters a dataset so its records can no longer be tied to the people in it. How HIPAA, the CCPA and the EDPB draw the line, and where it fails.

A data broker sells personal data about people it never deals with directly. How its segments reach a bid request, what they cost, and which laws now bite.

Divestiture is the forced or agreed sale of a business unit to a separate owner, the structural remedy at the centre of every recent ad tech antitrust case.

Open-web display is banner advertising on websites that sell ad space through third-party ad tech, and the market at the centre of Google's antitrust defeat.

Robots.txt relies on bot compliance, while WAF, CDN, and server-level blocks enforce it. A breakdown of which layer stops AI crawlers for good.

Interoperability is the ability of separately built ad tech systems to exchange information and act on it. The four layers, the specifications, the disputes.

Age assurance: the umbrella term for verifying, estimating or inferring a user's age online, now a legal duty across the UK, the EU, Australia and US states.

Special category data is the sensitive information the GDPR bans processing by default. What Article 9 covers, how inference works, where ad tech runs into it.

Facial age estimation predicts age from a face image without identifying the person: the mechanics, the NIST accuracy record, and the open regulatory dispute.

Liveness detection tests whether a biometric sample comes from a real person present at capture. Standards, error metrics, attack classes and ad tech stakes.

eIDAS: the EU regulation covering electronic identity and trust services, and the legal basis for the European Digital Identity Wallet due in December 2026.

The substitution arrives at full confidence, it happens in a place you do not own, and no content audit you run will ever find it.

Penalty equals 0.13% of Alphabet turnover and the text dates the breach to March 2024, a 28-month run. AI Overviews remain absent from the finding for now.

Just 1.28% of standard search products also reach AI Mode, where the lead seller differs on 49.6% of matches. Lowest price may no longer decide visibility.

Live Scheduler carried 4,000 events for 37 media owners since November 2025, ahead of NFL and college football. Can verified live supply hold its price premium?

Automated detection arrives in the coming months, with an override for wrongly labelled videos. New age and country gates change how brand deals reach viewers.

Self-preferencing: when a dominant platform ranks or routes its own products ahead of the rivals it also intermediates, now banned outright for EU gatekeepers.

Hotel-related ChatGPT prompts with sponsored links jumped from 6% to 24% in three months, Comscore data shows, as it begins tracking paid AI-chat placements.

Podtrac's sample of 84.2 million views found engaged views trail counted views by 36 points on podcast episodes, giving publishers their first real benchmark.