Norway fined Microsoft's Xandr NOK 92m over Grindr users' data nearly seven years after the complaint, as EU rules, Google ad policies and budgets shifted.

Celebrity is the top influencer tier, which the ANA defines as accounts above 1 million followers, hired for reach and fame rather than niche trust or low cost.

Micro is the influencer tier for creators with about 10,000 to 100,000 followers, the second of four sizes in the ANA scheme, between nano and macro creators.

Advertisers buying AI chat inventory meet 44 ads.txt seller lines, a direct Google account among them, on an app whose court-run sale ends by early December.

Product Studio is Google's free generative AI tool in Merchant Center that creates and edits product images and videos, from new lifestyle scenes to upscaling.

Smart cropping is automated reframing that finds the main subject of an image and crops it to new aspect ratios. How ad platforms use it and where it fails.

A drop-and-pop is when Google pulls a domain's keyword rankings for a few days, then restores them near their old positions. Rank trackers now measure this.

A client library is a prebuilt code package wrapping a service's API in one programming language, handling sign-in, requests, paging and errors for developers.

Release notes are dated documents in which a software or platform vendor lists what changed in a release, from new features and bug fixes to breaking changes.

A botnet is a network of malware-infected computers, phones, TVs and routers that one operator controls remotely to commit ad fraud, sell proxies or run DDoS.

Observability is the ability to infer a system's internal state from its outputs - logs, metrics and traces - used to debug ad auctions, tags and AI agents.

A debtor-in-possession is a company in Chapter 11 that keeps running its own business with a trustee's powers, under court supervision, while it reorganises.

app-ads.txt is the IAB Tech Lab file in which app developers list the ad systems authorised to sell their inventory. How it works, where it fails, what changed.

Blog posts and in-app links, not mail, would tell users about the case, while a $2.5m cap covers cloud and safety vendors whose loss could wipe out the data.

UK AI platforms share 63 to 70 of their top 100 brands vs 70 to 78 in the US. Seven months of data test whether a US AI search plan carries over to Britain.

Bing is testing a ‘Related searches based on your browsing’ box below sponsored ads, following a similar test Google ran recently.

Down from more than 40 in 2023, on €1.56m income and 460 pending cases. What the Vienna group's 2025 report shows about its collective redress plans for 2026.

Right of access is a person's legal right to learn whether a company processes their personal data and get a copy, set out in GDPR Article 15 and US state laws.

Standard contractual clauses are EU-approved contract terms that let firms send personal data to countries lacking an adequacy ruling under GDPR Article 46.

Collective redress is the legal route letting one representative sue for many people harmed by the same conduct, as in the EU Representative Actions Directive.