Forwarded from BlackBox (Security) Archiv
Maximator: European signals intelligence cooperation, from a Dutch perspective
This article is first to report on the secret European five-partner sigint alliance Maximator that started in the late 1970s. It discloses the name Maximator and provides documentary evidence. The five members of this European alliance are Denmark Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands, and France. The cooperation involves both signals analysis and crypto analysis. The Maximator alliance has remained secret for almost fifty years, in contrast to its Anglo-Saxon Five-Eyes counterpart. The existence of this European sigint alliance gives a novel perspective on western sigint collaborations in the late twentieth century.
The article explains and illustrates, with relatively much attention for the cryptographic details, how the five Maximator participants strengthened their effectiveness via the information about rigged cryptographic devices that its German partner provided, via the joint U.S.-German ownership and control of the Swiss producer Crypto AG of cryptographic devices.
1. Introduction
The post-Second World War signals intelligence (SIGINT) cooperation between five Anglo-Saxon countries – Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and the United States – is well-documented.1 This alliance is often called Five Eyes and is based on the 1946 UKUSA Agreement. What is not publicly known so far is that there is a second, parallel, western signals intelligence alliance, namely in north-western Europe, also with five members. It has existed since 1976 and is called Maximator. It comprises Denmark, France, Germany, Sweden, and the Netherlands and is still active today.
The Maximator alliance deepens our understanding of the recently-revealed operation Thesaurus/Rubicon: the joint CIA-BND ownership and control of the Swiss manufacturer of cryptographic equipment Crypto AG, from 1970 to 1993.2 Crucial information about the inner workings (and weaknesses) of cryptographic devices sold by Crypto AG (and by other companies) were distributed within the Maximator network. This allowed the participants to decrypt intercepted messages from the more than one hundred countries that had bought compromised devices from the 1970s onwards.
👉🏼 Read more:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2020.1743538
#Maximator #SIGINT #eu #cia #bnd #FiveEyes
📡@cRyPtHoN_INFOSEC_DE
📡@cRyPtHoN_INFOSEC_EN
📡@NoGoolag
📡@BlackBox
This article is first to report on the secret European five-partner sigint alliance Maximator that started in the late 1970s. It discloses the name Maximator and provides documentary evidence. The five members of this European alliance are Denmark Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands, and France. The cooperation involves both signals analysis and crypto analysis. The Maximator alliance has remained secret for almost fifty years, in contrast to its Anglo-Saxon Five-Eyes counterpart. The existence of this European sigint alliance gives a novel perspective on western sigint collaborations in the late twentieth century.
The article explains and illustrates, with relatively much attention for the cryptographic details, how the five Maximator participants strengthened their effectiveness via the information about rigged cryptographic devices that its German partner provided, via the joint U.S.-German ownership and control of the Swiss producer Crypto AG of cryptographic devices.
1. Introduction
The post-Second World War signals intelligence (SIGINT) cooperation between five Anglo-Saxon countries – Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and the United States – is well-documented.1 This alliance is often called Five Eyes and is based on the 1946 UKUSA Agreement. What is not publicly known so far is that there is a second, parallel, western signals intelligence alliance, namely in north-western Europe, also with five members. It has existed since 1976 and is called Maximator. It comprises Denmark, France, Germany, Sweden, and the Netherlands and is still active today.
The Maximator alliance deepens our understanding of the recently-revealed operation Thesaurus/Rubicon: the joint CIA-BND ownership and control of the Swiss manufacturer of cryptographic equipment Crypto AG, from 1970 to 1993.2 Crucial information about the inner workings (and weaknesses) of cryptographic devices sold by Crypto AG (and by other companies) were distributed within the Maximator network. This allowed the participants to decrypt intercepted messages from the more than one hundred countries that had bought compromised devices from the 1970s onwards.
👉🏼 Read more:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2020.1743538
#Maximator #SIGINT #eu #cia #bnd #FiveEyes
📡@cRyPtHoN_INFOSEC_DE
📡@cRyPtHoN_INFOSEC_EN
📡@NoGoolag
📡@BlackBox
Taylor & Francis
Maximator: European signals intelligence cooperation, from a Dutch perspective
This article is first to report on the secret European five-partner sigint alliance Maximator that started in the late 1970s. It discloses the name Maximator and provides documentary evidence. The ...
Forwarded from GJ `°÷°` 🇵🇸🕊 (t ``~__/>)
Cristina Samaliot (@c_samaliot): "0545 UTC : un drone Global Hawk de l'US Air Force toujours actif après avoir passé la nuit à surveiller la flotte russe de la mer Noire #uav #drones #GlobalHawk #BlackSea #Odessa #Ukraine #SIGINT #ADSB via @flightradar24" | Nitter | PussTheCat.org – https://nitter.pussthecat.org/c_samaliot/status/1520279302088151041#m
Electrospaces (@electrospaces): "A great new resource for studying the #Snowden revelations : summaries of documents and coverterms from the #FiveEyes #SIGINT agencies, compiled by @caparsons: https://christopher-parsons.com/resources/the-sigint-summaries/"|Stop cooming
https://twitter.censors.us/electrospaces/status/1625589847149928449#m
https://twitter.censors.us/electrospaces/status/1625589847149928449#m
Forwarded from t ``~__/>
Cristina Samaliot (@c_samaliot): "1124 UTC: a US Army 650 ARTEMIS (Airborne Reconnaissance and Targeting Multi-Mission Intelligence System) challenger on an electronic reconnaissance mission near the borders of #Ukraine and #Moldova #SIGINT #ADSB via @flightradar24" | FOSS.WTF - https://nitter.foss.wtf/c_samaliot/status/1627268585528737792#m
New #Snowden Docs Indicate Scope of #NSA Preparations for Cyber Battle - DER SPIEGEL
https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/new-snowden-docs-indicate-scope-of-nsa-preparations-for-cyber-battle-a-1013409.html
#sigint
https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/new-snowden-docs-indicate-scope-of-nsa-preparations-for-cyber-battle-a-1013409.html
#sigint
Spiegel
NSA Preps America for Future Battle
The NSA's mass surveillance is just the beginning. Documents from Edward Snowden show that the intelligence agency is arming America for future digital wars -- a struggle for control of the Internet that is already well underway.
Forwarded from 🇵🇸 Automated Apartheid in Palestine
🇵🇸 Britain has flown 50 spy missions over Gaza in support of Israel | Declassified UK
The UK military refuses to tell Declassified what #intelligence it is sharing with #Israel as we reveal the extraordinary number of surveillance flights #Britain is undertaking over Gaza from its base on #Cyprus
The #UK military has flown 50 #surveillance missions over Gaza since December, it can be revealed.
The flights have taken off from Britain’s controversial air base on Cyprus, #RAF #Akrotiri, and averaged around one a day since the beginning of December.
When asked the UK government refused to provide the number of spy flights, but Declassified has analysed flight tracking records.
The #British plane used is the Shadow R1, which is known as an intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance (#ISTAR) aircraft.
Video : Spying on Gaza, Bombing Yemen: Colonial British Base Angers Cypriots
#Gaza #Sigint #Nato
18/01/2024
The UK military refuses to tell Declassified what #intelligence it is sharing with #Israel as we reveal the extraordinary number of surveillance flights #Britain is undertaking over Gaza from its base on #Cyprus
The #UK military has flown 50 #surveillance missions over Gaza since December, it can be revealed.
The flights have taken off from Britain’s controversial air base on Cyprus, #RAF #Akrotiri, and averaged around one a day since the beginning of December.
When asked the UK government refused to provide the number of spy flights, but Declassified has analysed flight tracking records.
The #British plane used is the Shadow R1, which is known as an intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance (#ISTAR) aircraft.
Video : Spying on Gaza, Bombing Yemen: Colonial British Base Angers Cypriots
#Gaza #Sigint #Nato
18/01/2024